A dependency of one nonprime attribute on another nonprime attribute is a partial dependency.

Partial Dependency occurs when a non-prime attribute is functionally dependent on part of a candidate key.

The 2nd Normal Form (2NF) eliminates the Partial Dependency.

Let us see an example −

Example

<StudentProject>

StudentID
ProjectNo
StudentName
ProjectName
S01
199
Katie
Geo Location
S02
120
Ollie
Cluster Exploration

In the above table, we have partial dependency; let us see how −

The prime key attributes are StudentID and ProjectNo, and

StudentID =  Unique ID of the student
StudentName = Name of the student
ProjectNo = Unique ID of the project
ProjectName = Name of the project


As stated, the non-prime attributes i.e. StudentName and ProjectName should be functionally dependent on part of a candidate key, to be Partial Dependent.

The StudentName can be determined by StudentID, which makes the relation Partial Dependent.

The ProjectName can be determined by ProjectNo, which makes the relation Partial Dependent.

Therefore, the <StudentProject> relation violates the 2NF in Normalization and is considered a bad database design.

To remove Partial Dependency and violation on 2NF, decompose the tables −

<StudentInfo>

StudentID
ProjectNo
StudentName
S01
199
Katie
S02
120
Ollie


<ProjectInfo>

ProjectNo
ProjectName
199
Geo Location
120
Cluster Exploration


Now the relation is in 2nd Normal form of Database Normalization.

A dependency of one nonprime attribute on another nonprime attribute is a partial dependency.

Updated on 15-Jun-2020 13:07:31

Partial dependency occurs when one primary key determines some other attribute/attributes. On the other hand, transitive dependency occurs when some non-key attribute determines some other attribute.

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Partial dependency means that a nonprime attribute is functionally dependent on part of a candidate key. (A nonprime attribute is an attribute that's not part of any candidate key.) For example, let's start with R{ABCD}, and the functional dependencies AB->CD and A->C. The only candidate key for R is AB.

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What is full and partial dependency?

A functional dependency X->Y is a fully functional dependency if Y is functionally dependent on X and Y is not functionally dependent on any proper subset of X. A functional dependency X->Y is a partial dependency if Y is functionally dependent on X and Y can be determined by any proper subset of X.

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What is meant by partial dependency in normalization?

Partial Dependency occurs when a non-prime attribute is functionally dependent on part of a candidate key. The 2nd Normal Form (2NF) eliminates the Partial Dependency.

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What do you mean by partial and transitive dependencies?

What is a transitive and partial dependency? Transitive dependency occurs when some non-key attribute determines some other attribute. On the other hand, partial dependency occurs when one primary key determines some other attribute/attributes.

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Partial and Tansitive dependency DBMS

What is the meaning of transitive dependency?

Equivalently, a transitive dependency exists when a nonprime attribute determines another nonprime attribute. A relation is in third normal form if it is in second normal form and no nonprime attribute is transitively dependent on any candidate key.

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What are the types of dependency?

  • goal dependency.
  • task dependency.
  • resource dependency.
  • softgoal dependency.

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What is full dependency partial dependency and transitive dependency?

1)full dependencies are when one or more primary keys determine another attribute. 2)partial dependencies are when one of the primary keys determines another attribute or attributes. 3)transitive dependencies are when a nonkey attribute determines another attribute.

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What are the 3 types of dependencies in reference to database normalization?

Different Types of Functional Dependencies used in Normalization process are:

  • Full Dependency.
  • Partial Dependency.
  • Transitive Dependency.
  • Overlapping Candidate Key Dependency.

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What is a full dependency?

A full functional dependency is a state of database normalization that equates to the normalization standard of Second Normal Form (2NF). In brief, this means that it meets the requirements of First Normal Form (1NF), and all non-key attributes are fully functionally dependent on the primary key.

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What is a dependency in SQL?

A dependency is created between two objects when one object appears by name inside a SQL statement stored in another object. The object which is appearing inside the SQL expression is known as referenced entity and the object which has the SQL expression is known as a referencing entity.

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How do I remove all partial dependencies?

The normalization of 1NF relations to 2NF involves the removal of partial dependencies. If a partial dependency exists, we remove the partially dependent attribute(s) from the relation by placing them in a new relation along with a copy of their determinant.

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What are dependencies in database?

A dependency is a constraint that applies to or defines the relationship between attributes. It occurs in a database when information stored in the same database table uniquely determines other information stored in the same table.

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What is 1NF 2NF 3NF and BCNF?

A relation is in 1NF if it contains an atomic value. 2NF. A relation will be in 2NF if it is in 1NF and all non-key attributes are fully functional dependent on the primary key. 3NF. A relation will be in 3NF if it is in 2NF and no transition dependency exists.

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What do you mean by multivalued dependency?

The concept of MVD or Multivalued dependency refers to having multiple rows in a given table. Thus, it implies that there is a presence of multiple other rows in the very same table. Thus, a multivalued dependency would prevent the 4NF.

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What are the four types of dependencies?

There are 4 types of dependencies in project management viz. Mandatory, Discretionary, External, & Internal.

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What are the 3 types of dependencies?

Types of dependencies in project management

  • Logical dependencies. Also known as causal dependencies. ...
  • Resource dependencies. This dependency originates from a project constraint as it deals with the availability of shared resources. ...
  • Preferential dependencies. ...
  • External dependencies. ...
  • Cross-team dependencies.

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What are the types of functional dependency?

There are four types of functional dependencies Trivial, Non-Trivial, Multivalued and Transitive functional dependency.

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What is difference in functional and transitive dependency?

Transitive dependency is expressing the dependency of A on C when A depends on B and B depends on C. A functional dependency is an association between two attributes of the same relational database table.

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What is fully dependency in DBMS?

An attribute is fully functional dependent on another attribute, if it is Functionally Dependent on that attribute and not on any of its proper subset. For example, an attribute Q is fully functional dependent on another attribute P, if it is Functionally Dependent on P and not on any of the proper subset of P.

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What is transitive dependency in 3NF?

A relation that is in First and Second Normal Form and in which no non-primary-key attribute is transitively dependent on the primary key, then it is in Third Normal Form (3NF). Note – If A->B and B->C are two FDs then A->C is called transitive dependency.

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How do you find partial dependency?

The FD (functional dependency) A->B happens to be a partial dependency if B is functionally dependent on A, and also B can be determined by any other proper subset of A. For instance, we have a relationship like MO->N, M->P, and P->N. In this case, M is alone capable of determining N.

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What is an example of dependency?

In the world around you, a dependency is the state of existence of an entity or an item such that its stability is dictated by another entity or resource. For example, children are dependent on their parents for care and sustenance. The elderly are often dependent on their progeny for the same.

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Which types of dependencies are most common?

The most common dependency relationship is a finish-to-start relationship. Task P (predecessor) must be finished before task S (successor) can start. The least common relationship is the start-to-finish relationship.

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What is a direct dependency?

In a computer program a direct dependency is functionality exported by a library, or API, or any software component that is referenced directly by the program itself. A transitive dependency is any dependency that is induced by the components that the program references directly.

View complete answer on en.wikipedia.org