Market research generally involves two different types of research: primary and secondary. Primary research is research you conduct yourself (or hire someone to do for you.) It involves going directly to a source – usually customers and prospective customers in your target market – to ask questions and gather information. Examples of primary research are: When you conduct primary research, you’re typically gathering two basic kinds of information: Primary research usually costs more and often takes longer to conduct than secondary research, but it gives conclusive results. Secondary research is a type of research that has already been compiled, gathered, organized and published by others. It includes reports and studies by government agencies, trade associations or other businesses in your industry. For small businesses with limited budgets, most research is typically secondary, because it can be obtained faster and more affordably than primary research. A lot of secondary research is available right on the Web, simply by entering key words and phrases for the type of information you’re looking for. You can also obtain secondary research by reading articles in magazines, trade journals and industry publications, by visiting a reference library, and by contacting industry associations or trade organizations. (Note: When you locate the research you want, check its publication date to be sure the data is fresh and not outdated.) One excellent source of secondary research data is government agencies; this data is usually available free of charge. On the other hand, data published by private companies may require permission, and sometimes a fee, for you to access it.
It’s time to freshen up your research skills, marketers. Before you dive head first into another market research project for a new product, campaign or even an entirely new business, let’s set the record straight on how to do it the right way—so your decisions are all the more well-informed. Because market research comes with a long list of benefits—but only if you conduct it correctly. One wrong assumption or step skipped in your process could clutter or blur the data you’ll be using to base very important decisions on. If you do get it right, you’ll end up with information that helps you perfect your product and marketing, that convinces investors to bet their money on you and that shapes your business to be successful. And that’s what we’re going for. So in this article, we’ll explain how you use primary and secondary market research. We’ll give it a clear definition, lay out how to do it, and we’ll point out some things to be careful of. Ready? Set… Research! Primary and secondary research is defined by the source and who collects the information. Primary research is new research you conduct yourself and data is collected right from the source, which is often consumers. For secondary market research you use insights conducted by others, like governments. Primary research might be done by someone else and you might use it later on for your own insight, turning it into secondary research. Both primary research and secondary research can be qualitative or quantitative, and you can mix and match both to complete your research. In fact, this is often recommended, because it also allows you to compare your findings to what you read in secondary research, and it avoids double work—but more on that later. Primary market researchPrimary market research is research you carry out yourself and gather from the source of information, like consumers, sellers, suppliers or anyone else in the market. You—or your internal or external research team—collect data from these sources directly. You get raw data and interpret this yourself, and it will be collected specifically for your research needs. Benefits of primary researchThere are three key benefits of conducting primary research:
How to conduct primary market researchSo, what’s the best way to collect data straight from the source? There are several ways to go about this. You can mix and match the primary research methods below to gather data for your particular research project. Start using consumer research to provide confidence in every decision with the right insight, at the right time. SurveysProbably the most used primary research method in market research is surveys. Nowadays, that’s mostly online surveys, but anyone who studied marketing before 2010 likely still remembers having to conduct surveys on paper in their local supermarket for a project. The benefit of surveys, especially online, is that they are a relative low-cost method to reach a lot of people. And with platforms like Attest, you can also reach specific target audiences, all around the world—something that’d be really expensive and time-consuming without the internet. ObservationHow do people move in a shopping mall, or around a website? With observation, you can map out your target market behaviours and patterns that are harder to capture in surveys—because often people aren’t even aware of what they habitually do. Later on, you can supplement this information with surveys or information to put their behaviours into context. Good market research is best used alongside other data and insights, to make sure you get a comprehensive picture of your consumers and market. ExperimentsAnother great way to gather information on behaviours is by conducting experiments. In the marketing world this is often done to determine what the right pricing strategy is. InterviewsSometimes you might need super specific insights from your target customers and surveys just won’t give you the personal detail you need, and perhaps you have a lot of follow-up questions. Interviews with individuals should help you with this. In this case, it’s all the more important that you select the right people to talk to, because conducting and analysing interviews is a time-consuming and costly process. Focus groupsFrom a focus group, you can get similar information that you’d get from interviews, but you might get something extra out of thanks to the interaction between small groups of participants. Again, it’s crucial that you carefully pick the people that will take part in this method. Secondary research, also called desk research—because you can do it from your desk—is using research conducted by someone else. You’ll be using data which can come from a wide variety of sources—which makes it all the more important that you thoroughly vet those sources.
What are some good places to go hunt for data when conducting secondary research? Of course, that depends on your market and research goals. We’ll list some good sources below to help you get started. Research databasesIf you’re using a regular search engine, you can find all kinds of articles that are presented as research, but ultimately aren’t. If you’re looking for more high-quality information with a little more background on how the research was conducted, we recommend research databases such as:
Other handy sourcesYou don’t necessarily have to comb through scientific papers to find valuable information for your market research. These sites give you great bite-sized data that’s easy tounderstand:
Government reportsGovernments are prominent market research users. After all, governments need to know what’s really happening in their economies. They often publish research reports on certain industries and population segments. The benefit of using these as secondary sources is that they are relevant to specific countries and that you can often trust that government agencies know how to do their research—after all, they are using this information to base decisions for the entire country on. BooksLast but not least: don’t forget that books are also a valid source. Not when it comes to trends of course, but for theoretical frameworks, books are often a trustworthy option. There’s a time and place for everything: so when do you use primary research, and when is secondary research the right choice? Here we’ll explain instances when you may wish to choose one method of research over the other. When to use secondary research data Here are some scenarios in which secondary data is the right choice. Keep in mind, it all depends on the availability of the research:
When primary research fills the gaps Unlike secondary research, primary research focuses solely on your topic and questions. This is necessary when:
Make market research work for your businessHere at Attest, we have market research for breakfast, lunch, and dinner—and then some in between. We’ve designed our platform to take the hassle out of collecting good-quality primary research. We help you select super-relevant respondents and our team is always on stand-by to help you create an effective, to-the-point survey. Ready to start collecting insights in hours, not days or weeks? See how Attest can help you propel your brand. Start using consumer research to provide confidence in every decision with the right insight, at the right time. Get started for freeWhat’s the difference between primary and secondary market research? Primary market research is done by collecting data yourself, often through surveys or interviews with your target market. Secondary research uses existing data that you can find online or in research reports and books. What are the four types of primary market research? You can conduct primary research using (online) surveys, focus groups, observations/experiments and interviews. Why do we use secondary market research? Secondary research methods are a great way to kick off your research in the exploration phase. Plus, with the access we have nowadays to data, a lot of double work can be prevented by using secondary market research. |