There are two basic types of microscopes: compound and stereo. Stereo microscopes use lower power than compound microscopes do and have typical magnification levels ranging from about 10 to 40x. These microscopes are very versatile and are designed for viewing whole objects such as rocks, insects, and flowers. But they can also be used for viewing prepared slides. They are a helpful tool for nature studies and are ideal for young children. Show Find out more in this Science Lesson: Diagram of Parts Diagram of PartsThe diagram below shows where each part is located on a typical stereo microscope: Steps in Using a Stereo Microscope
Ideas for Using a Stereo MicroscopeClear plastic or glass petri dishes are great for viewing live or messy objects with a stereo microscope because they fit well on the stage and keep everything adequately contained. The suggestions below are just a few things you can use petri dishes to view with your stereo microscope. Place the item or items to be viewed in the bottom of a petri dish and position it on the stage plate of your microscope. Use top or bottom lighting.
Collect insects in the bottom of a petri dish and cover with its lid to keep insects from escaping. Be careful not to leave the light source shining on the insects for too long as the heat could eventually kill them.
Watch them closely as these tiny creatures swim, dive, and eat.
Soils with a lot of sand or clay are particularly interesting to look at. You might even want to collect soil samples from several different spots and compare and contrast what you see in each sample.
See our Science Lesson on Making Simple Microscope Slides for detailed instructions about how to do this.
Carefully pull the flower petals and inside parts off of the stem trying not to damage or tear them. See if you can identify the parts using a flower identification book. Stick one or two of the parts on your microscope to get a closer look. If there was a lot of pollen on the flower, try putting the pollinated parts, or loose pollen, into a petri dish and check it out with your microscope. (Note: This is not a good activity to do if you have bad allergies!)
You can break off small pieces of larger rocks by knocking them together or using a rock pick. Put any small shards or pieces of the broken rocks into a petri dish for easy viewing. Print out copies of our Stereo Microscope Observation Worksheet to help you record the data from these studies! Adjusting Interpupillary DistanceInterpupillary distance, the distance between the pupils of your eyes, varies from person to person. Each observer should make this adjustment before using a binocular microscope or stereo head microscope for the greatest viewing comfort and best image quality. Focus your eyes on the specimen, and only use your peripheral vision as you proceed. Now pull your eyes back from the eyepieces about 1′. You will see two field views overlapping each other. Open or close the distance between the eyepieces by pulling them apart or pushing them together until the two circles merge together and appear as one circle. The interpupillary distance is set correctly when you see just one field view circle. Adjusting DiopterA diopter is used to make up for focusing differences between your eyes. This adjustment will also vary from person to person. Start by holding your hand over the eye that is in front of the eyepiece with the diopter (the eyepiece with the knurled band around it). Bring a specimen into sharp focus. Now cover the other eye (the eye in front of the eyepiece without the diopter) and bring the specimen into sharp focus by rotating the diopter adjustment. Do not use the focus knob for this last step–only the diopter adjustment. Cleaning and MaintenanceTo clean the exterior side of lenses, use a non-solvent cleaning solution designed for cleaning optics or eyeglasses. First, remove dust with a soft brush or can of compressed air. Then moisten a piece of dry lint-free tissue or lens paper and clean the lens surfaces with a circular motion. Repeat with a second piece of paper moistened with lens solution if necessary. Repeat once again with dry lens paper until the lens is clean and dry. Use this same procedure for the eyepiece and objective lenses. To clean the interior side of lenses, use a bulb-type duster or a compressed gas canister designed for cameras and other optical equipment. Do not use the above procedure. To clean the body of the microscope, use a soft dry or damp cloth. Using a dust cover will help keep your microscope investment clean and dust-free.
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NGSS Science and Engineering Practices:NGSS Crosscutting Concepts:Microscopes are useful tools for visualizing small structures in great detail. There are two common types of microscopes used in laboratories when studying algae: the compound light microscope (commonly known as a light microscope) and the stereo microscope (commonly known as a dissecting microscope). A light microscope is used to visualize objects flattened onto glass slides in great detail. It typically has a magnification power of up to 1000x. A light microscope might be used when examining individual cells within living tissue. A dissecting microscope is used to view three-dimensional objects and larger specimens, with a maximum magnification of 100x. This type of microscope might be used to study external features on an object or to examine structures not easily mounted onto flat slides.
Both microscopes have similar features. Each microscope has an eyepiece as well as a light source. Light microscopes usually have eyepieces that are magnified 10x plus multiple objective lenses that are magnified between 4x and 100x (SF Fig. 2.2 A). The total magnification is calculated by multiplying the eyepiece magnification (10x) by the objective lens magnification (e.g., 40x), for a total magnification would be 400x. On a light microscope, a sample is placed on a glass slide and light is passed through the sample from underneath the stage. This type of microscope shows great detail of small, thin objects. To view thicker objects, the tissue sample must be thinly sliced and prepared on a glass slide in two-dimensions. With a dissecting microscope whole objects can be viewed in three dimensions. Samples do not need to be sliced, and larger, live animals can be observed. Light can be passed through from underneath the sample, but also from the top or side using an external light source. However, the magnification power of the dissecting microscope is less powerful than that of a light microscope. Special Feature Type:Table of Contents: |