Since antiquity humans have fashioned support devices to hold themselves up when they became sick or injured. Support device use dates back to 2830 BC. A carving on the entrance of an Egyptian tomb depicts a figure leaning on a crutch-like staff. Crutch design has evolved from the basic "T" used by Tiny Tim in A Christmas Carol to lightweight aluminum braces with ice-gripping tips or energy-storing tips that function as shock absorbers and are slip resistant. For lower-limb injuries such as a broken leg, broken ankle, sprained ankle, knee injuries, and other injuries, as well as after surgery on the leg, knee, ankle, or foot, crutches remain useful today to decrease discomfort, reduce recovery time, and assist walking. Often when you get a cast put on your leg or foot you will be required to use crutches for a period of time. Crutches may also be used by amputees, and people with other disabilities that make walking difficult.
Getting the Proper Fit for CrutchesThere are several basic types of crutches: axillary (underarm), forearm (Lofstrand), platform, strutter, and leg support. All should be custom fitted properly to help reduce movement problems. Crutches are made in all sizes, for adults and children.
Many of these types of crutches can also be found in a folding variety, where the crutches are designed to fold in half, making them easier to store.
Before you begin using crutches, your doctor, nurse, or physical therapist will show you how to adjust the crutches so they are the right height for you. If a patient has never used a crutch, they should not do so without instructions and ideally, to be safe, a trained assistant. To begin walking with crutches, gradually shift your weight to your healthy leg. Move the crutches in front of you to a point at which you can maintain stability. For the swing movement, shift your weight from your healthy leg to your arms, swinging your body through the crutches as the crutches take up the weight. Plant your healthy leg at a point ahead, again maintaining stability, and shift your weight back to the leg. Then move the crutches forward to repeat the movement. Studies have shown that your wrist receives from one to more than three times your body weight during the swing phase of walking with crutches -- a load the upper body was not designed to sustain.
Proper crutch placement for maximum stationary stability Proper position to begin walking
Treatment for a broken bone in the foot depends on which bone is broken and how it is broken. Some broken bones in the foot can be treated with crutches and flat-bottom shoes, others require splints or casts or boots, and still others require surgery to repair the bones. Crutches are used to help the injured person walk when the foot is broken.
Learn more about treatment of a fractured foot »
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. "How to Use Crutches, Canes, and Walkers." February 2015. <http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00181>. Bruno J. Some considerations and guidelines for crutch walking. Clin Podiatry. Aug 1984;1(2):291-4. Decker BC. In: Peat Malcolm, ed. Current Physical Therapy. Mosby; 1988. Downer AH. Mobilation aids. In: Physical Therapy Procedures. Charles C Thomas; 1994. Eiff PM, Hatch RL, Calmbach WL, et al. Fracture Management for Primary Care. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; 1998. "How to Use Crutches." American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society. FootCareMD. <http://www.aofas.org/footcaremd/how-to/foot-injury/Pages/How-to-Use-Crutches.aspx>. "How to Use Crutches, Canes, and Walkers." American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. OrthoInfo. July 2007. <http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00181>. "How to Use Crutches Properly." The Nebraska Medical Center. YouTube.com. Mar. 7, 2011. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pYzUQb79_Rw>.Joyce BM, Kirby RL. Canes, crutches and walkers. Am Fam Physician. Feb 1991;43(2):535-42. Kottke FJ, Lehmann JF. Handbook of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; 1990. Lane PL, LeBlanc R. Crutch walking. Orthop Nurs. Sep-Oct 1990;9(5):31-8. Nyland, J., T. Bernasek, B. Markee, and C. Dundore. "Comparison of the Easy Strutter Functional Orthosis System and axillary crutches during modified 3-point gait." J Rehabil Res Dev 41.2 Mar. 2004: 195-206. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15558373>. University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences. "Walking With One Crutch." <http://www.upmc.com/patients-visitors/education/rehab/Pages/walking-with-one-crutch.aspx>.
Patient Comments & Reviews |