You won’t find the country of Chemistry on a world map, but it exists nonetheless. Life there is every bit as rich and varied as in any other realm – and sometimes even more so. Even “Romeo and Juliet” has a happy ending there. But let’s not get ahead of ourselves; we’ve got a lot to do. We’ll meet the chemical Montagues and Capulets, select the finest candidate for the “reaction of sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid,” set off into space, visit the world’s finest restaurant, and ever so much more. Show Let’s first visit the chemical laboratory. In any laboratory where safety rules are observed and respected, alkalis and their ilk are kept strictly separate from acids and their ilk. These are the Montagues and Capulets of Chemistry: both families are aggressive and implacably hostile. If they meet without a Chemist’s supervision, it bodes only disaster! Nor do they spare the Chemists – they yearn to burn or poison them. So if the Chemists intend to have dealings with them, they must protect themselves as best they can: they have no recourse but to work with them in a fume hood, and wear a lab coat, apron, gloves, special boots, and glasses or a protective shield. But it just so happened that the handsome Sodium Hydroxide, from the Alkali family, fell in love with the enchanting Hydrochloric Acid – from the Acid family! To understand the full extent of the tragedy, let’s get better acquainted with them and examine the nature of sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid. Sodium hydroxideChemical formula NaOH. One of the most widespread alkalis, also known as caustic soda. Physical properties A solid white or slightly yellowish powder; hygroscopic; corrodes many materials and organic substances including paper, skin, and even some metal;, dissolves in water, ethyl and methyl alcohols. Chemical properties A strong base that reacts with:
Field of application
Now, let’s acquaint ourselves with hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric acidChemical formula HCl. A strong mineral monobasic hydracid. Physical properties Colorless, transparent, a caustic liquid that fumes in the air. Maximum concentration at 20 °C is 38%, with a solution density of 1.19g/cm³. Highly-concentrated acid causes severe burns if it encounters skin, mucous membranes or eyes, but is present in the human stomach at a concentration of around 0.5%. Chemical properties A strong acid that reacts with:
Field of use:
And so a Chemist decided to reconcile the two hostile families and marry the lovers, to do everything to make sure that the “reaction of sodium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid” proceeded as planned. A phenolphthalein indicator served as the bridesmaid for the “acid” bride. As soon as the reaction with the hydroxide took place, the colorless indicator crimsoned with delight. Despite the aggression of the sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid, the reaction was a wonderful one. And its equation reads as follows: HCl + NaOH = NaCl + H₂O + Q Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide interact, resulting in salt and a release of heat. As we can see, the result of the interaction of two highly aggressive compounds is table salt and water – compounds that are ultimately harmless, even beneficial, to human beings. And thus the two warring families ceased their aggressions and made peace. To assess the products of the reaction properly, let’s get in a rocket and venture into space. We’ll look at our planet from a distance. It’s called the blue planet for good reason, as 71% of its surface is comprised of seas and oceans. Although, to be fair, we should note that only 1% of this water is suitable for consumption. And water is one of the products of our reaction. And now let’s visit the best of restaurants – you decide which! Let’s proceed into the kitchen and ask the chef what two ingredients they couldn’t do without. And believe us, they won’t say caviar, truffles, or parmesan, they’ll say salt and water, as without these ingredients you can’t prepare a single dish. And in combination, our reaction products can be found at home in soup, brine, or salt water. And now let’s dive in even deeper, examining the reaction of sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid in the classification of chemical reactions. Determining the type of chemical reaction of hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide1. By the number and state of the reactants and products, it is an exchange reaction. In other words, the number of substances entering into the reaction is equal to the number of substances received as a result of the reaction. An simple exchange of ions has taken place. To clarify, let’s write our reaction equation in ionic form: H⁺ + Cl⁻ + Na⁺ + OH⁻ = Na⁺+Cl⁻ + H₂O In accordance with our story, the bride and groom have exchanged their personal property: what’s mine is yours. Here you can find out more about this dowry. 2. By the type of interacting substances, it is a neutralization reaction. H⁺ + OH⁻ = H₂O 3. By the physical state of substances, it is homogenous. The substances entering into the reaction are in an identical physical state – an identical liquid state. 4. By the direction of the course of the reaction, it is irreversible. The reaction continues till the very end, until the reacting substances are completely consumed. 5. By thermal effect, it is exothermic. In other words, the wedding ceremony took place in a warm, friendly, and loving atmosphere. The reaction is accompanied by a thermal effect, and the amount of heat released is 57.3 kJ/mol. 6. The reaction is not an oxidation-reduction reaction: the oxidation states of the atoms did not change over the course of the reaction. H⁺Cl⁻ + Na⁺O²⁻H⁺ = Na⁺Cl⁻ + H⁺ O²⁻ And thus, our love story has a happy ending: lovers from two hostile families have joined together in unity. The aggressive sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid interacted, and the result yielded useful products. Isn’t chemistry a wonderful science? Via a reaction between an acid and an alkali, we have turned the saddest of tragedies into a joyful romance!
Sodium hydroxide is sometimes called caustic soda or lye. It is a common ingrediet in cleaners and soaps. At room temperature, sodium hydroxide is a white, odorless solid. Liquid sodium hydroxide is colorless and has no odor. It can react violently with strong acids and with water. Sodium hydroxide is corrosive. NaOH can react with moisture from the air and may generate heat as it dissolves. This heat can be enough to cause a fire if it is near flammable materials. Sodium hydroxide is useful for its ability to alter fats. It is used to make soap and as a main ingredient in household products such as liquid drain cleaners. Sodium hydroxide is usually sold in pure form as white pellets or as a solution in water. What are some uses of sodium hydroxide?Sodium hydroxide is used in bar soaps and detergents. Sodium Hydroxide is also used as a drain cleaner to unclog pipes. Around 56% of sodium hydroxide produced is used by industry, with 25% of NaOH used in the paper industry. Some other uses include fuel cell production, to cure food, to remove skin from vegetables for canning, bleach, drain cleaner, oven cleaner, soaps, detergent, paper making, paper recycling, aluminum ore processing, oxide coating, processing cotton fabric, pickling, pain relievers, anticoagulants to prevent blood clots, cholesterol reducing medications, and water treatment. How might you be exposed to sodium hydroxide?In the home, some household items like soaps or cleaners contain sodium hydroxide. Accidental ingestion or skin contact with these cleaners could cause harmful exposure. Some industrial workplaces use sodium hydroxide. Here are some workplace exposure limits to NaOH in the air. Workplace air exposure limits: OSHA: The legal airborne NIOSH: The recommended airborne ACGIH: The threshold limit value How can you protect your family from exposure?• Follow all precautions and instructions on product labels. • Store and keep cleaning products out of the reach of children. • Keep cleaning products in their original packaging. • Wear latex or nitrile gloves when using products containing high concentrations of NaOH. • Wear long sleeves and pants that cannot be degraded or deteriorated by sodium hydroxide to protect your skin. Remove clothes carefully if they get wet to avoid spreading the sodium hydroxide on your skin. What are potential harmful effects of sodium hydroxide exposure?Sodium hydroxide is a potentially dangerous substance. It can hurt you if it touches your skin, if you drink it or if you breathe it. Eating or drinking sodium hydroxide can cause severe burns and immediate vomiting, nausea, diarrhea or chest and stomach pain, as well as swallowing difficulties. Damage to the mouth, throat and stomach is immediate. Breathing it can cause severe irritation of the upper respiratory tract with coughing, burns and difficulty breathing. The harmful effects of sodium hydroxide depend on several factors including the concentration of sodium hydroxide, length of time exposed, and whether you touched it, drank it or inhaled it. Contact with very high concentrations of sodium hydroxide can cause severe burns to the eyes, skin, digestive system or lungs, resulting in permanent damage or death. Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause dermatitis. Repeated inhalation of sodium hydroxide vapor can lead to permanent lung damage. First AidIn case of emergency, call 911. Eye contact
Skin Contact
Inhalation
Ingestion
Contact the Poison Center at 1-800-222-1222 for more information about exposure to sodium hydroxide. Sodium hydroxide incidents in TennesseeBack in 2010-2011, sodium hydroxide was reported as one of the ten most commonly spilled or released chemicals in Tennessee. About 50% of these spills and releases occurred in warehouses or during transport. About 75% of them were due to human error. Handling and storageSpills and Emergencies – If employees are required to clean up spills, they must be properly trained and equipped. The OSHA hazardous waste operations and emergency response standard (29 CFR 1910.120) may apply. If sodium hydroxide is spilled or leaked, take the following steps: Evacuate personnel and secure and control entrance to the area. Eliminate all ignition sources. For sodium hydroxide in solution, absorb liquids in dry sand, earth, or a similar material and place into sealed containers for disposal. Collect solid material in the most convenient and safe manner and place into sealed containers for disposal. DO NOT use water water or any WET METHOD to clean up NaOH. Ventilate and wash area after cleanup is complete. DO NOT wash into sewer. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of sodium hydroxide as a hazardous waste. Sodium hydroxide reacts with strong acids (hydrochloric, sulfuric or nitric), water, and moisture to rapidly release heat. Sodium hydroxide reacts with metals (aluminum, lead, tin or zinc) to form flammable and explosive hydrogen gas. Sodium hydroxide can form shock sensitive salts on contact with nitrogen containing compounds. Sodium hydroxide is not compatible with oxidizing agents, chlorinated solvents, ammonia, and organic materials. Store in original, tightly closed, containers in a cool, well ventilated area away from water and moisture. Sodium hydroxide can attack iron, copper, plastics, rubber, and coatings. |
What are the hazards associated with HCl and Naoh?
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