What do hartup and Stevens 1997 define as the essence of friendship and the surface of friendships?

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@article{Hartup1997FriendshipsAA, title={Friendships and adaptation in the life course.}, author={Willard W. Hartup and Nan L. Stevens}, journal={Psychological Bulletin}, year={1997}, volume={121}, pages={355-370} }

To consider friendships and their significance through the life course requires, first, differentiation of deep structure (i.e., reciprocity) from surface structure (i.e., the social exchange) and, second, assessment within a multifaceted framework that simultaneously emphasizes having friends, the identity of one's friends, and relationship quality. Having friends is correlated with a sense of well being across the life span, but developmental outcome also depends on the identity of one's…