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Page 2
Type of acrocyanosis
Causes
Unilateral acrocyanosis
Local trauma/digital injury
Local infection: Paronechia
Raynaud's phenomenon
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Carpel Tunnel syndrome
Cervical tumors compressing neurovascular bundle* e.g. Neuroblastoma, stellate ganglion tumor
Thromboembolism of arteries of palmar arch
Frostbite
Reflex Sympathetic dystrophy
Bilateral acrocyanosis**
Benign acrocyanosis of infancy
Frostbite
Pernio
Raynaud's phenomenon
Reflex sympathetic dystrophy
Hypoxemia**
Congenital cyanotic heart disease**
Methemoglobinemia**
Purpura fulminans
Pheochromocytoma
*: Need to look for other signs of Horner's syndrome on the ipsilateral side of the face (ptosis, anhydrosis, miosis of pupil or unequal pupils, poor light reflex and enopthalmos);**: Need close clinical evaluation for presence of central cyanosis.
