What watch stander is an assistant to the officer of the deck?

survey the entire sector, water and sky with the naked eye. Continue search of the horizon and lower sky over the remainder of the sector. Repeat 10-second sweep of the entire sector with naked eye. Search the upper sky, above the belt observed when searching the horizon and lower sky, for one-half of assigned sector. Lower binoculars for approximately 10 seconds to survey the entire sector, water and sky, with naked eye. Continue search of upper sky for remainder of sector. Repeat 10-second sweep of entire sector with naked eye. Recommence, starting with (a) above.

During darkness, the search will be as follows:

a. Moonlight nights when enemy air search is possible: After each complete sweep of sector, search sky sector with naked eye.

b. Dark nights: Eliminate sky search.

This method of search has the following advantages:

It provides a systematic coverage of the entire area.

It gives maximum insurance against any plane, which was outside the field of the binoculars, closing unobserved to close range.

Provides best assurance that a periscope lowered during the binocular search, will be sighted if dangerously close during the naked eye sweeps.

General instructions to lookouts:

Save your eyes. All lookouts should rest their eyes before coming on watch. They should try to take care of all calls of nature before going on watch.

If a lookout does not feel physically up to standing an all-out lookout watch, he should report this to the OOD.

Make all reports of sightings immediately. It is better to be wrong 100 times than miss one ship.

Use relative bearings in all reports. Then, followed by your best estimate of the range, add more information as it becomes available, stating identity of ship and so forth.

Call out your reports so that all can hear. Make certain your report is

Do not take eyes or binoculars off the object you have sighted.

Report everything.

Upon assuming your post after surfacing, make a complete search of your sector. Report in a loud clear voice, "......... sector all clear, sir."

At night, don't attempt night duties until dark-adapted; avoid short cuts. Practice use of the corners of the eyes, remembering that objects are better seen in dim light if not located in the center of vision. Move the eyes frequently, remembering that night vision is most sensitive immediately after the line of sight has been shifted. When relieving, make certain that no other bridge watch is being relieved, then request, "Permission to come on the bridge to relieve lookout." Relieve with a minimum of noise and confusion. Get dressed below for the existing weather conditions.

20B8. Sound watch. a. General. The sound watch normally is stood whenever speed conditions permit. The operator must, without seeking confirmation or help from anyone, report immediately to the officer of the deck any echo ranging, propellers, or unusual sounds.

b. Instructions for standing sound watches. The safety of the ship and its personnel is directly dependent upon the manner in which this watch is stood. This responsibility is greatly increased at night and a resultant increase in attentiveness is imperative.

This watch must be stood in regulation manner. Submerged, each man upon being relieved reports to the officer of the deck, "Sound watch relieved by ..............., Sound conditions are (good, fair, poor)." On Surface, report to the conning tower talker that you have been properly relieved.

Soundheads are to be used in accordance with communication officer orders posted at the sound gear.

If for any reason, you have difficulty interpreting what you hear, or the equipment

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21A1. Introductory. The modern feet-type submarine is an exceedingly complex mechanism. On the surface, in normal operation, it presents all the problems of ship handling and navigation common to surface vessels. Its problems do not end there, however, for when it submerges it becomes, in effect, an entirely different vessel with new characteristics and new problems.

Submerged, the control becomes more complicated; the ship must be navigated in a three-dimensional medium and many conditions affecting its operation are much more critical than when it is on the surface. Added to these complexities are the more limited facilities for observation and the necessity of relying, to a great extent, on dead reckoning.

As the submarine is an offensive weapon, its chief value against the enemy is its ability to approach undetected and to maneuver to a firing position despite the target's efforts to avoid contact. The approach and attack phase of submarine warfare is a science in itself, requiring a practiced eye, an analytical mind, and the ability to make swift and accurate decisions. Though the possession of these attributes is a paramount requirement

In the early days of the submarine this experience and training were acquired through actual service under a competent commanding officer. With the growth of the fleet and the phenomenal development of the submarine and its equipment, it became evident that qualified personnel must be secured in ever increasing numbers and trained more rapidly. To this end, numerous training devices, duplicating the more important features of a submarine, have been developed and may be used to simulate actual situations encountered or patrols.

Three departments of the submarine have been the object of particular attention, the conning tower, the control room, and the torpedo room, resulting in the production of three devices known as the attack teacher, the diving trainer and the torpedo tube trainer. These devices are used to train fire-control parties, diving officers, and control room personnel, and to instruct in the care and manipulation of torpedoes and torpedo tubes and in the firing of torpedoes.

sea and is designated and empowered by the captain to advise, supervise, and direct the officer of the deck (OOD) in matters concerning the general operation and safety of the ship or station. Officer of The Deck (OOD) The officer of the deck (OOD) is in charge of the ship and is responsible to the commanding officer (CO) for the safe and proper operation of the ship or station. T h a t i n c l u d e s n av i g a t i o n , s h i p h a n d l i n g , communications, routine tests and inspections, reports, supervision of the watch, and carrying out the plan of the day (POD). Junior Officer of the Deck (JOOD) The  junior  officer  of  the  deck  (JOOD)  is  the principal assistant to the OOD. Anyone making routine reports to the OOD normally makes them through the JOOD or the JOOW. Junior Officer of the Watch (JOOW) The  junior  officer  of  the  watch  (JOOW),  when assigned, is in training for qualification as the OOD. Combat Information Center (CIC) Watch Officer The combat information center (CIC) watch officer supervises the operation of the CIC, which reports, tracks,  and  evaluates  air,  surface,  and  submarine contacts. WATCH STANDERS Senior enlisted watch standers also have a number of important assignments. While there are scores of other enlisted watch assignments, those described in the following sections are the most important and the most responsible.  The  majority  of  other  enlisted  watch standers report to, or through, watch officers. Quartermaster of the Watch (QMOW) The quartermaster of the watch (QMOW) is an enlisted assistant to the OOD while under way (and in-port on certain classes of ships). The QMOW assists the OOD in navigational matters and maintains the ship’s deck log. Additional duties include reporting and recording  weather  changes  and  executing  required ship’s navigational lighting changes. The QMOW, who must be a qualified helmsman, supervises the helmsman if senior to the BMOW. Boatswain’s Mate of the Watch (BMOW) The boatswain’s mate of the watch (BMOW) is an enlisted  assistant  to  the  OOD  during  under  way watches. The BMOW must see that all deck watch stations are manned with qualified personnel and all watch standers in previous watch sections are relieved. Although  the  section  leader  and  the  division  petty officer have the duty of instructing the personnel they send  on  watch,  the  BMOW  must  verify  that  every person in the watch has been properly instructed and trained. A BMOW must be a qualified helmsman and supervises the helmsman if senior to the QMOW. Lookouts, Sky and Surface The lookout watch mans assigned lookout stations and performs duties as prescribed in the ship’s lookout instructions. Lookouts should be rotated at least hourly. They are under the direct supervision of the OOD. Lookouts are trained in their duties by the CIC officer. The  posting  and  training  of  lookouts  will,  as  a minimum,  conform  to  the  requirements  of  the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea. Messenger of the Watch (MOW) The messenger of the watch stands the watch on the bridge (under way) and the quarterdeck (in-port). The MOW  delivers  messages,  answers  telephones,  and carries  out  such  duties  as  the  OOD  may  direct. Messengers  need  to  be  familiar  with  various departments  of  the  ship  and  ship’s  company.  The underway messenger is normally assigned from the weapons/deck department. Fog Lookouts Fog lookouts are required during fog or reduced visibility. The watch is stood in those locations where 3-5 Student Notes: