1) Personality disorders (PD) consist of a loosely-bound cluster of sub-types. Which of the following common features are evident in PD? Show
2) Which of the following is the most well-known of the Personality disorders ? 3) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of individuals with paranoid personality disorder 4) An Individual with a schizotypal personality disorder will usually exhibit which of the following characteristics? 5) Which of the following is a subtype of Dramatic/Emotional Personality Disorders (Cluster B) 6) The term 'sociopath' or 'psychopath' is sometimes used to describe which type of personality disorder 7) An individual with narcissistic personality disorder will routinely overestimate their abilities and inflate their accomplishments, and this is characterized by which of the following? 8) The apparent lack of empathy and the tendency to exploit others for self-benefit, has lead psychologists to compare narcissistic personality disorder with which one of the following? 9) Which of the following are considered to be the main features of avoidant personality disorder? 10) Some clinicians have come to believe that antisocial personality disorder and social phobia are both components of a broader spectrum called: 11) An Individual with Dependent Personality Disorder will exhibit which of the following? 12) An Individual with Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder will exhibit which of the following characteristics? 13) Which of the following is NOT considered to be a risk factors for personality disorders ? 14) The formalistic similarities between Cluster A disorders and schizophrenia have led researchers to argue that they are part of a broader 15) According to psychodynamic theory which of the following is NOT deemed to be characteristic of the parents of an individual with paranoid personality disorder 16) Antisocial Personality Disorder is closely associated with criminal and antisocial behaviour. Because of this, considerable effort has been invested in attempting which of the following? 17) Personality disorders are an enduring patterns of behaviour that persist from childhood into adulthood and because of this fact, one of the best predictors of APD in adulthood is a diagnosis of 18) Behaviour of individuals with Antisocial Personality Disorder often appears impulsive and unpredictable due to switching quickly and unpredictably between: 19) More recent research has linked Borderline Personality Disoder (BPD) with bipolar disorder, and the two are often comorbid. Some individuals with BPD belong to a broader: 20) Evidence suggests that individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder have a number of brain abnormalities that may give rise to impulsive behaviour. There is evidence for dysfunction in brain: 21) According to psychodynamic theory individuals are sometimes motivated to respond to the world through the perspectives they have learnt from important other people in their developmental past. This is called: 22) Psychodynamic theories of personality disorders that individuals with weak egos engage in a defence mechanism called: 23) Narcissistic personality disorder is also closely associated with antisocial personality disorder (APD),. Which of the following is not a way in narcissistic individuals will regularly act: 24) Which of the following is not usually associated with Avoidant Personality Disorder? 25) Which of the following is a particular example of psychodynamic treatment which attempts to strengthen the individual's weak ego so that they are able to address issues in their life without constantly flipping from one extreme view to another: 26) There is one particular form of therapy that has been successfully used to treat individuals with personality disorders and involves providing them with insight into their dysfunctional ways of thinking, and is designed to provide them with the necessary skills to overcome these problematic ways of thinking and behaving. Which of the following is this therapy ? 27) Cognitive behavioural therapy may be used to treat an individual with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder by challenging: 28) In the treatments of individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder a therapist may change dysfunctional schemata by: 29) Which of the following could be described as a stage of schemata therapy for personality disorder? 30) Which of the following is not a DSM-IV-TR criterion for schizoid personality disorder?
Personality disorder is an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over time, and leads to distress or impairment (DSM-V). DescriptionPersonality can be defined as an ingrained enduring pattern of behaving and relating to self, others, and the environment; personality includes perceptions, attitudes, and emotions. • Personality disorders are diagnosed when personality traits become inflexible and maladaptive and significantly interfere with how a person functions in society or cause the person emotional distress. • They usually are not diagnosed until adulthood, when personality is more completely formed. • No specific medication alters personality, and therapy designed to help clients make changes is often long-term with very slow progress. CategoriesThe DSM-V lists personality disorders as a separate and distinct category from other major mental illness; they are on axis II of the multiaxial classification system. • Cluster A. Cluster A includes people whose behavior appears odd or eccentric and includes paranoid, schizotypal, and schizoid personality disorders. Cluster A: Personality Disorders• Paranoid Personality Disorder. This personality is characterized by pervasive mistrust and suspiciousness of others; clients with this disorder interpret others actions as potentially harmful. Cluster B: Personality Disorders• Antisocial Personality Disorder. This disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others- and with the central characteristics of deceit and manipulation. Cluster C: Personality Disorders• Avoidant Personality Disorder. This disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of social discomfort and reticence, low self-esteem, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation. Statistics and IncidencesPersonality disorders are relatively common, occurring in 10% to 13% of the general population. • 15% of all psychiatric inpatients have a primary diagnosis of a personality disorder. • 40% to 45% of those with a primary diagnosis of major mental illness also have a coexisting personality disorder that significantly complicates the treatment. • In mental health outpatient settings, the incidence of personality disorder is 30% to 50%. • Clients with personality disorders have a higher death rate, especially as a result of suicide; they also have higher rates of suicide attempts, accidents, and emergency department visits and increased rates of separation, divorce, and involvement in legal proceedings regarding child custody. • Personality disorders have been correlated highly with criminal behavior (70% to 85% of criminals have personality disorders), alcoholism (60% to 70% alcoholics have personality disorders), and drug abuse (70% to 90% of those who abuse drugs have personality disorders). Clinical ManifestationsThe clinical manifestations of a person with personality disorder include: • Paranoid. Mistrusts and is suspicious of others; has guarded, restricted affect. Assessment and Diagnostic FindingsThe following tests can be used in the diagnosis of personality disorders:
Medical ManagementCaregivers should be vigilant about suicidal potential and should document their assessments in the medical record at each visit.
Pharmacologic ManagementMedications are in no way curative for any personality disorder; they should be viewed as an adjunct to psychotherapy so that the patient may productively engage in psychotherapy.
Nursing Management of Personality DisordersThe nursing management of a patient with personality disorder include the following: Nursing AssessmentAssessment of the patient include: Nursing DiagnosisNursing diagnoses for clients with personality disorder include the following: • Risk for suicide related to low frustration tolerance. Nursing Care Planning and GoalsMain Article: 4 Personality Disorders Nursing Care Plans Nursing care plan goals for personality disorders may include: • The client will be safe and free of significant injury. • The client will not harm others or destroy property. • The client will demonstrate increased control of impulsive behavior. • The client will take appropriate steps to meet his or her own needs. • The client will demonstrate problem-solving skills. • The client will verbalize greater satisfaction with relationships. Nursing InterventionsClients with personality disorder often are involved in long-term psychotherapy to address issues of family dysfunction and abuse.
EvaluationGoals are met as evidenced by:
Documentation GuidelinesDocumentation in a client with personality disorder include:
Practice Quiz: Personality DisordersNursing practice questions for Personality Disorders. Please visit our nursing test bank page for more NCLEX practice questions. 1. Clients with personality disorders have difficulties in their social and occupational functions. Clients with a personality disorder will most likely: A. Responsd to anti anxiety medication B. Recover with therapeutic intervention C. Seek treatment willingly from some personally distressing symptoms D. Manifest enduring patterns of inflexible behaviors 1. Answer: D. Manifest enduring patterns of inflexible behaviors.
2. A client tends to be insensitive to others, engages in abusive behaviors and does not have a sense of remorse. Which personality disorder is he likely to have? A. Antisocial B. Histrionic C. Paranoid D. Narcissistic 2. Answer: A. Antisocial
3. A teenage girl is diagnosed to have a borderline personality disorder. Which manifestations support the diagnosis? A. Social withdrawal, inadequacy, sensitivity to rejection and criticism B. Lack of self-esteem, strong dependency needs, and impulsive behavior C. Suspicious, hypervigilance and coldness D. Preoccupation with perfectionism, orderliness, and need for control 3. Answer: B. Lack of self-esteem, strong dependency needs, and impulsive behavior.
4. The plan of care for clients with borderline personality should include: A. Restricting her from other clients B. Ensuring she adheres to certain restrictions C. Limit setting and flexibility in schedule D. Giving medications to prevent acting out 4. Answer: B. Ensuring she adheres to certain restrictions.
5. A hospitalized client, diagnosed with a borderline personality disorder, consistently breaks the unit’s rules. This behavior should be confronted because it will help the client: A. Set realistic goals B. Control anger C. Become more self-aware D. Reduce anxiety 5. Answer: C. Become more self-aware.
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