Even if we’re not conscious of it, we use inductive reasoning everyday. But what is inductive reasoning? We’re going to answer that question by looking at inductive reasoning examples from history. We’ll also show you how to recognize it in everyday life. By the end, you’ll know how to apply inductive logic and reasoning in the real world. Show
Inductive Reasoning is a “bottom-up” process of making generalized assumptions based on specific premises. Inductions are usually made at a subconscious level, but they play an integral role in our actions and beliefs. For example, an induction could state that everybody at a party was wearing blue shirts, Laura was at the party, therefore she was wearing a blue shirt.
What is inductive reasoning? What is the difference between inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning? Well, as I alluded to earlier, inductive reasoning applies a “bottom to top” approach to logic, while deductive reasoning applies a “top to bottom” approach. With deductive reasoning, if the premises of a statement are true, then the conclusion has to be true. But with the inductive form, even if the premises are true, that doesn’t mean the conclusion has to be true. There’s also a third branch of reasoning called abductive reasoning. Abductive reasoning takes a conclusion, and hypothesizes the likeliest premises given the situation. This next video does a great job of explaining these three branches of reasoning, with special emphasis on inductive and abductive reasoning. It may be helpful to think of inductive and abductive reasoning as forms of predictive logic — or “not-for-sure” logic. With deductive reasoning, the conclusion is assured by the premises, even if they’re ultimately proven false. But with inductive and abductive reasoning, there’s no certain answer, just educated guesses. Inductive vs Deductive Reasoning MeaningWhat does inductive reasoning mean?The inductive reasoning meaning lies somewhere between a predictive inference and a scientific guess. Inductions can be made in three ways:
Philosopher Immanuel Kant argued that pure reason, such as the statement “all bachelors are unmarried,” could be used to make deductions. But when the clauses of a statement are uncertain, we call that model practical reason. An example of a practically reasonable induction would be: star SN87 went supernova, the sun is a star, therefore it will go supernova.
An example of an a posteriori induction is Plato’s Allegory of the Cave — it takes the lived experience of a man, uses his specific, empirically induced perception of the world, and reaches a generalized conclusion. If you’re still racking your brain over these terms, don’t worry, this next video explains them in a short and succinct way.
An analytic and synthetic example would take a universal predictive model and combine it with lived experience. For example: I sold a PlayStation 4 for $200, it’s been one year since then, so I assume I won’t be able to sell another PlayStation for the same value. Inductive Reasoning MeaningTypes of inductive reasoningThere are a lot of different types of inductive reasoning. But before we go over these types in detail, check out the video below. Take a specific observation and make a generalized conclusion. Example: “Every bear I’ve seen had black fur. Therefore, most bears probably have black fur.” 2. StatisticalStatistical inductions take data into account to give a more accurate prediction. Example: “Eight of the ten bears I’ve seen in the wild had black fur. So, about 80% of the world’s bears have black fur.” 3. BayesianBayesian inferences add circumstantial information to statistical data. Example: “I’ve only ever seen bears on the west coast of the United States, so my data may not accurately reflect the whole world. 4. SyllogismThis is when you take a generalization about a group and apply it to an individual. Example: “All the bears at the zoo have had black fur, so the next bear they bring in will have black fur too.” 5. AnalogicalComparing two things with a shared quality and inducing that they must have another shared quality too. Example: “Black bears have black fur. Black panthers have black fur. Therefore, black bears and black panthers are the same species. 6. Causal InferenceWhen you infer a correlation between two causal events. Example: “I only see black bears when it gets hot outside. I suspect I’ll see a black bear this week during the heat-wave.”
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Inductive reasoning is a type of logical thinking that involves forming generalizations based on specific incidents you've experienced, observations you've made, or facts you know to be true or false. Learn how inductive reasoning works, see examples, and compare it to deductive reasoning. Inductive reasoning is an approach to logical thinking that involves making generalizations based on specific details. Inductive reasoning is an important critical thinking skill that many employers look for in their employees. Inductive reasoning is an example of an analytical soft skill. Unlike hard skills, which are job-specific and generally require technical training, soft skills relate to how you interact with people, social situations, and ideas. Employers need individuals who can discern patterns and use inductive reasoning to develop strategies, policies, or proposals based on those patterns. That makes inductive reasoning a useful skill to highlight in your job applications and job interviews. With inductive reasoning, you make observations to reach a conclusion. This skill is useful in making predictions and creating generalizations. Your conclusion may not always be true, but it should be reasonable based on the evidence. For example, you notice that customers have bought more of your product during the third quarter of the year for the past three years. Based on that information, you predict that your customers will buy more of your product during the third quarter of the coming year and you increase production to be prepared. Inductive reasoning is different from deductive reasoning. With deductive reasoning, you start with a generalization or theory and then test it by applying it to specific incidents. Deductive reasoning is using general ideas to reach a specific conclusion. Inductive reasoning uses specific ideas to reach a broad conclusion. You may have heard this explained in school as going from big to small when using deductive reasoning and going from small to big when using inductive reasoning. Scientists may use deductive reasoning to test a hypothesis in a lab. Many law enforcement, military, or corporate leaders must be able to use inductive reasoning by taking a quick sweep of a situation and making a vital, time-sensitive decision. Inductive reasoning allows individuals to accurately see the signs of something bigger at play.
In practice, inductive reasoning often appears invisible. You might not be aware that you’re taking in information, recognizing a potential pattern, and acting on your hypothesis. But if you’re a good problem-solver, chances are that these examples will feel familiar:
Inductive reasoning requires several skills. To develop or improve your inductive reasoning, focus on the following skills:
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