What do you call the understanding of a dominant culture before choosing a suitable control system

321. What are the main characteristics of an effective control system?

1. Flexibility, accuracy, timeliness and objectivity
2. Flexibility, measurability, timeliness and objectivity
3. Flexibility, accuracy, relevance and objectivity
4. Flexibility, accuracy, timeliness and relevance

Correct answer: (A)
Flexibility, accuracy, timeliness and objectivity

322. What are the three interpersonal roles of managers?

1. Figurehead, leader and liaison
2. Spokesperson, leader, coordinator
3. Director, coordinator, disseminator
4. Communicator, organiser, spokesperson

Correct answer: (A)
Figurehead, leader and liaison

323. What are the two main dimensions of the Ohio Studies into leadership?

1. Starting position and end position
2. Initial environment and changed environment
3. Organisational structure and conditioning
4. Initiating structure and considerations

Correct answer: (D)
Initiating structure and considerations

324. What are workers primarily motivated by according to the instrumental approach?

1. Peer recognition
2. Promotion
3. Greater freedom
4. Economic reward

Correct answer: (D)
Economic reward

325. What assumption is the garbage can model of decision making based on?

1. Limited knowledge and great insight
2. Limited knowledge but high level of experience
3. Limited knowledge and uncertainty
4. Limited knowledge and high risk

Correct answer: (C)
Limited knowledge and uncertainty

326. What characteristic is not a key feature of the 'open systems' model of management?

1. Morale
2. Innovation
3. Growth resource
4. Adaptation

Correct answer: (A)
Morale

327. What do companies that focus on filling a gap in the market engage in?

1. Direct marketing
2. Traditional marketing
3. Niche marketing
4. Outbound marketing

Correct answer: (C)
Niche marketing

328. What do the four 'P's' of marketing relate to?

1. Product, price, place and promotion
2. Product, price, press and promotion
3. Product, price, publicity and promotion
4. Product, price, post and promotion

Correct answer: (A)
Product, price, place and promotion

329. What do you call a style of leadership that takes account of others' views, opinions and ideas?

1. Laissez-faire
2. People-oriented
3. Democratic
4. Autocratic

Correct answer: (C)
Democratic

330. What do you call the understanding of a dominant culture before choosing a suitable control system?

1. Market control
2. Bureaucratic control
3. Clan control
4. People control

Correct answer: (C)
Clan control

Page 2

331. What does CRM stand for?

1. Consumer Relations Management
2. Customer Relationship Marketing
3. Customer Relationship Management
4. Consumer Returns Management

Correct answer: (C)
Customer Relationship Management

332. What does PEST stand for?

1. Political, environmental, strategic, testing
2. Political, environmental, strategic, technological
3. Political, economic, strategic, technological
4. Political, economic, social, technological

Correct answer: (D)
Political, economic, social, technological

333. What does situational theory of leadership emphasise?

1. Personality traits
2. Events
3. Environment
4. Political situation

Correct answer: (B)
Events

334. What does the acronym SMART stand for?

1. Suitable, measurable, actionable, rewarded and timely
2. Specific, measurable, actionable, resourced and timely
3. Standardised, measurable, achievable, rewarded, and timely
4. Specific, measurable, achievable, rewarded and timely

Correct answer: (D)
Specific, measurable, achievable, rewarded and timely

335. What does Unitarism as a human resource management approach assume?

1. People are individuals and should be treated as such.
2. People are individuals but should be part of a group.
3. People in the organisation share the same aims and objectives.
4. People in the organisation engage in internal competition.

Correct answer: (C)
People in the organisation share the same aims and objectives.

336. What is a definition of an objective?

1. A defined specified outcome to be achieved in the long-term
2. A clear set of goals to be attained given a set number of resources
3. A clearly defined and measurable outcome to be achieved over a specified timeframe
4. A set standard of performance agreed by workers and managers

Correct answer: (C)
A clearly defined and measurable outcome to be achieved over a specified timeframe

337. What is a Gantt chart a type of?

1. Work flow design
2. Work schedule design
3. Work rate design
4. Work output design

Correct answer: (B)
Work schedule design

338. What is a normative perspective?

1. The way things are.
2. The way things are going to be.
3. The way things should be.
4. The way things were.

Correct answer: (C)
The way things should be.

339. What is a paradigm?

1. A theoretical assumption
2. An illustration
3. A theoretical model
4. An example serving as a model

Correct answer: (D)
An example serving as a model

340. What is a PDP?

1. Personal Development Plan
2. People Development Plan
3. Personnel Development Plan
4. Personal Development Payment

Correct answer: (A)
Personal Development Plan

Page 3

341. What is a social enterprise concerned with?

1. Profit maximisation
2. Maximising market share
3. Providing public service
4. Running a business to create social benefits

Correct answer: (D)
Running a business to create social benefits

342. What is a strategic alliance?

1. Any form of partnership between one firm and another
2. Formal agreement committing two or more firms to exchange resources to produce products or services
3. Formal agreement to share profits from a shared investment
4. Formal agreement to share knowledge

Correct answer: (B)
Formal agreement committing two or more firms to exchange resources to produce products or services

343. What is a succession plan?

1. Dismissing an employee for a more favourable employee
2. A formal process of planning to fill a role that will become vacant
3. A vote of no confidence in a board member
4. The formal process of acquiring a new staff member

Correct answer: (B)
A formal process of planning to fill a role that will become vacant

344. What is a virtual organisation?

1. An organisation that uses information and communications technologies (ICT's) to coordinate activities without physical boundaries between different functions
2. An organisation that uses internet technologies to sell products to customers
3. An organisation that manages the supply chain using digital technologies
4. An organisation that coordinates the workforce via video conferencing

Correct answer: (A)
An organisation that uses information and communications technologies (ICT's) to coordinate activities without physical boundaries between different functions

345. What is a whistleblower?

1. Someone who reports illegal or unethical acts
2. Someone who commits illegal or unethical acts
3. Someone who benefits from illegal or unethical acts
4. Someone who devises illegal or unethical acts

Correct answer: (A)
Someone who reports illegal or unethical acts

346. What is another name for contingency planning?

1. Synergy planning
2. Ad hoc planning
3. Business level planning
4. Scenario planning

Correct answer: (D)
Scenario planning

347. What is characteristic for the location of a virtual team?

1. In the same building
2. In the same industry
3. In the same country
4. remotely

Correct answer: (D)
remotely

348. What is Frank Gilbreth`s work most noted for?

1. Working conditions
2. Time and motion studies
3. Work psychology
4. Work as a social setting

Correct answer: (B)
Time and motion studies

349. What is intuitive decision making based on?

1. Guesswork
2. Gambling
3. Instinct
4. Rationality

Correct answer: (C)
Instinct

350. What is IS?

1. Intelligent strategy
2. Internal services
3. International sales
4. Information systems

Correct answer: (D)
Information systems

Page 4

351. What is not a characteristic of a corporate social responsibility framework?

1. Retaining the status quo
2. Understanding society
3. Harnessing diversity
4. Building capacity

Correct answer: (A)
Retaining the status quo

352. What is not a component of an agile organisation?

1. Market focus and position
2. Human resources: multi-skilling
3. Organisational structure
4. Project-based culture

Correct answer: (D)
Project-based culture

353. What is not a purpose of an organisational structure?

1. To coordinate people and resources
2. To organise lines of communication
3. To formalise authority
4. To limit workers' rights

Correct answer: (D)
To limit workers' rights

354. What is not an advantage of a hierarchical structure?

1. Clear chain of command
2. Quick response to change
3. Discipline and stability
4. Small span of control

Correct answer: (B)
Quick response to change

355. What is not an assumption underpinning the rational decision making model?

1. Incomplete information
2. An agreed goal
3. A structured problem
4. High level of certainty regarding the environment

Correct answer: (A)
Incomplete information

356. What is not one of the layers of cultural influence?

1. Social
2. Business
3. Organisational
4. Company

Correct answer: (D)
Company

357. What is not part of a marketing plan?

1. Marketing mix
2. Demand analysis
3. Government support
4. Competitor analysis

Correct answer: (C)
Government support

358. What is OD?

1. Organisational disputes
2. Organisational development
3. Organisational demands
4. Organisational drift

Correct answer: (B)
Organisational development

359. What is premise control based on?

1. Buildings
2. People
3. Resources
4. Assumptions

Correct answer: (D)
Assumptions

360. What is T-group training?

1. A group whose aim is transformational change
2. A group brought together to deliver training programmes
3. Team training for the purposes of advancing technology
4. Team building activities involving learning

Correct answer: (D)
Team building activities involving learning

Page 5

361. What is the definition of a scenario in scenario planning?

1. An imagined sequence of future events
2. An unpredictable event
3. A planned for event
4. An unplanned for event

Correct answer: (A)
An imagined sequence of future events

362. What is the first step in a 'Stage gate' process?

1. Develop a product.
2. Demonstrate a plan.
3. Initiate learning.
4. Generate ideas and concepts.

Correct answer: (D)
Generate ideas and concepts.

363. What is the first step in a control process?

1. Allocate resources
2. Choose key personnel for the task
3. Select a strategy
4. Set standards

Correct answer: (D)
Set standards

364. What is the guiding principle behind New Public Management?

1. Profit maximisation
2. Introducing private sector business principles into the public sector
3. Replacing public management with private sector management
4. Restructuring public organisations

Correct answer: (B)
Introducing private sector business principles into the public sector

365. What is the guiding principle of scientific management?

1. Experimentation
2. Fluid working relationships
3. Freedom of association
4. One best way to do a job

Correct answer: (D)
One best way to do a job

366. What is the optimal span of control?

Correct answer: (D)
None of the above

367. What is the overriding philosophy underpinning the strategic direction of an organisation?

1. Vision statement
2. Mission statement
3. Strategy statement
4. Business statement

Correct answer: (B)
Mission statement

368. What is the personnel department in an organisation concerned with?

1. Staff development
2. Staff attraction
3. Staff rewards
4. Staff administration

Correct answer: (D)
Staff administration

369. What is the purpose of a 'quality circle'?

1. Bring together managers and workers to find improvements.
2. Bring together managers and workers to discuss output.
3. Bring together managers and workers to review quality of work.
4. Bring together managers and workers to review targets.

Correct answer: (A)
Bring together managers and workers to find improvements

370. What is the purpose of employee relations?

1. Adhere to the law pertaining to workers' rights
2. Maintain a harmonious working environment
3. Undertake conflict resolution
4. All of the above

Correct answer: (D)
All of the above

Page 6

371. What is the richest form of information?

1. Telephone
2. Face-to-face
3. E-mail
4. Video conference

Correct answer: (B)
Face-to-face

372. What is the term for a market that is defined by specific characteristics?

1. Market niche
2. Market division
3. Market characteristic
4. Market segment

Correct answer: (D)
Market segment

373. What is the term for a process that enables an organisation to assess and demonstrate its social, economic, and environmental benefits and limitation?

1. Social plan
2. Social strategy
3. Social audit
4. Social account

Correct answer: (C)
Social audit

374. What is the term for a radical rethinking of the nature of the business?

1. Transformational change
2. Revolutionary change
3. Strategic manoeuvre
4. Paradigm shift

Correct answer: (D)
Paradigm shift

375. What is the term for a sub-optimal but acceptable outcome of negotiations between parties?

1. Bargaining
2. Satisficing
3. Accepting
4. Compromising

Correct answer: (B)
Satisficing

376. What is the term for an autonomous business entity within an overall corporate enterprise which is set apart from other areas of the business?

1. Subsidiary
2. Strategic partnership
3. Strategic alliance
4. Strategic business unit

Correct answer: (D)
Strategic business unit

377. What is the term for an organisation that adapts to changes in the environment by quickly responding to shifts in supply and demand conditions?

1. Opportunistic organisation
2. Enterprising organisation
3. International organisation
4. Agile organisation

Correct answer: (D)
Agile organisation

378. What is the term for decisions limited by human capacity to absorb and analyse information?

1. Cognitive rationality
2. Conscious rationality
3. Bounded rationality
4. Restricted rationality

Correct answer: (C)
Bounded rationality

379. What is the term for forcing people to accept change?

1. Conditioning
2. Conversion
3. Converting
4. Coercion

Correct answer: (D)
Coercion

380. What is the term for gaining consumers' express agreement to receive marketing material?

1. Opt-in marketing
2. Permission marketing
3. Targeted marketing
4. Focused marketing

Correct answer: (B)
Permission marketing

Page 7

381. What is the term for incremental changes to processes in an organisation using information technology?

1. Business Process Improvement
2. Business Process Reengineering
3. Business Process Change
4. Business Process Advance

Correct answer: (A)
Business Process Improvement

382. What is the term for organisational development through a formally designed organisational structure?

1. Organic
2. Mechanistic
3. Formal
4. Structured

Correct answer: (B)
Mechanistic

383. What is the term for power derived from status or position in an organisation?

1. Referent
2. Expert
3. Reward
4. Legitimate

Correct answer: (D)
Legitimate

384. What is the term for the 'rule of thumb' type of bias in decision making?

1. Framing bias
2. Hindsight bias
3. Over-confidence bias
4. Heuristics

Correct answer: (D)
Heuristics

385. What is the term for the act of acquiring an IS architecture from the market?

1. External buying
2. Ordering
3. Outsourcing
4. Procuring

Correct answer: (C)
Outsourcing

386. What is the term for the act of getting individuals to behave in ways that are acceptable to a group?

1. Indoctrination
2. Brainwashing
3. Propaganda
4. Socialisation

Correct answer: (D)
Socialisation

387. What is the term for the action in which managers at an organisation analyse the current situation of their organisation and then develop plans to accomplish its mission and achieve its goals?

1. Synergy planning
2. Strategy formulation
3. Functional planning
4. SWOT analysis

Correct answer: (B)
Strategy formulation

388. What is the term for the development and design of value adding products and/or services to meet the demand characteristics of individual customers?

1. Customisation
2. Personalisation
3. Individualism
4. Bespoke

Correct answer: (B)
Personalisation

389. What is the term for the extent to which competition in one country is influenced by competition in other countries?

1. International trade
2. Global economics
3. Global competition
4. Globalisation

Correct answer: (D)
Globalisation

390. What is the term for the monitoring of events both internal and external to the organisation that affects strategy?

1. Operational control
2. Strategic surveillance
3. Strategic control
4. Environmental scanning

Correct answer: (B)
Strategic surveillance

Page 8

391. What is the term for the phenomenon that a new IT system is implemented across the whole organisation simultaneously?

1. Immersed approach
2. Plunge approach
3. Parallel approach
4. Instant approach

Correct answer: (B)
Plunge approach

392. What is the term for the set of behaviours and tasks that a member of the group is expected to perform because he or she is a member of the group?

1. Group roles
2. Virtual teamwork
3. Synergy
4. Role making

Correct answer: (A)
Group roles

393. What is the term Tuckman uses for reaching consensus as a group?

1. Storming
2. Performing
3. Forming
4. Norming

Correct answer: (D)
Norming

394. What is the term used in Ansoff's matrix for increasing market share with existing products in existing markets?

1. Product development
2. Market penetration
3. Diversification
4. Market development

Correct answer: (B)
Market penetration

395. What is the weakest form of control?

1. Pre-control
2. Simultaneous control
3. Post-control
4. Duel control

Correct answer: (C)
Post-control

396. What one of the following is not a characteristic of the job characteristics model?

1. Task identity
2. Autonomy
3. Reward
4. Feedback

Correct answer: (C)
Reward

397. What one of the following is not a key management skill in planning?

1. Conceptual skills
2. Analytical skills
3. IT and computing skills
4. Communication skills

Correct answer: (C)
IT and computing skills

398. What one of these is not a recognised type of authority?

1. Executive
2. Functional
3. Line management
4. Supplier

Correct answer: (D)
Supplier

399. What tasks does Human resource management involve?

1. Attracting employees to the organisation
2. Recruiting employees
3. Retaining employees
4. All of the above

Correct answer: (D)
All of the above

400. What theory is built around the principle that 'people make choices regarding how to behave based on values and beliefs'?

1. Expectancy
2. Instrumental
3. Classical
4. Contingency

Correct answer: (A)
Expectancy

Page 9

401. What type of organisational culture is most likely to deliver stability and efficiency?

1. Task culture
2. Role culture
3. Power culture
4. People culture

Correct answer: (B)
Role culture

402. What work arrangement is referred to as Flexitime?

1. Workers decide if they want to turn up for work.
2. They only work weekends.
3. They only work alternate weeks.
4. They choose the start and finish time within set parameters.

Correct answer: (D)
They choose the start and finish time within set parameters.

403. When a manager monitors the work performance of workers in his department to determine if the quality of their work is 'up to standard', this manager is engaging in which function?

1. Planning
2. Controlling
3. Organising
4. Leading

Correct answer: (B)
Controlling

404. When does an acquisition take place?

1. Two equal partners decide to work together.
2. Two equal partners share resources.
3. Two unequal partners join together.
4. Two unequal partners become one after a buyout.

Correct answer: (D)
Two unequal partners become one after a buyout.

405. Where can formal employee training and education take place?

1. Colleges
2. In the workplace
3. Training centres
4. All of the above

Correct answer: (D)
All of the above

406. Where was Total Quality Management first developed?

407. Which 18th century writer produced a famous book called 'The Wealth of Nations'?

1. Frederick Taylor
2. Henry Mintzberg
3. Adam Smith
4. Dr Samuel Johnson

Correct answer: (C)
Adam Smith

408. Which element of the cultural web forms regalia?

1. Symbols
2. Rituals and routines
3. Power structures
4. Control systems

Correct answer: (A)
Symbols

409. Which feature does not form one of Fayol's 14 principles of management?

1. Esprit de corps
2. Initiative
3. Order
4. Individualism

Correct answer: (D)
Individualism

410. Which is not a characteristic of corporate social responsibility?

1. Product safety
2. Consumer rights
3. Environmental policies
4. Price-fixing

Correct answer: (D)
Price-fixing

Page 10

411. Which is not a recognised form of business continuity planning?

1. Contingency planning
2. Scenario planning
3. Financial planning
4. Building planning

Correct answer: (D)
Building planning

412. Which is not an example of an external factor for learning and knowledge?

1. Demographic change
2. Political influences
3. Organisational structure
4. Social change

Correct answer: (D)
Social change

413. Which is not an implementation activity for an information system?

1. IS marketing plan
2. System documentation
3. Software development
4. User training and development

Correct answer: (A)
IS marketing plan

414. Which of the following are key components of a Total Quality Management system?

1. Individual responsibility, incremental improvement, use of raw data
2. Collective responsibility, continual improvement, use of raw data
3. Group responsibility, staged improvement, knowledge
4. Involves everyone, continual improvement, use of data and knowledge

Correct answer: (D)
Involves everyone, continual improvement, use of data and knowledge

415. Which of the following does not form the basis of a performance indicator for a marketing plan?

1. Competitor reaction
2. Contribution to business performance
3. Marketing effectiveness
4. Consumer reaction

Correct answer: (A)
Competitor reaction

416. Which of the following is not a recognised type of plan?

1. Business
2. Succession
3. Ad hoc
4. Financial

Correct answer: (C)
Ad hoc

417. Which of the following is not included in a job design?

1. Identifying what tasks need to be carried out
2. When and how tasks are to be carried out
3. The number of tasks to be carried out
4. The payment rates for the tasks carried out

Correct answer: (D)
The payment rates for the tasks carried out

418. Which of the following is not part of Schein's model of the formation of culture?

1. Shared values
2. Pre-conceptions
3. Shared beliefs
4. Norms

Correct answer: (B)
Pre-conceptions

419. Which of the following motivators is the most basic need in Maslow's hierarchy?

1. Safety
2. Belonging
3. Physiological
4. Esteem

Correct answer: (C)
Physiological

420. Which of these does not form part of the key streams identified by March (1988) in decision making in highly ambiguous environments?

1. Expectations
2. Choice opportunities
3. Problems
4. Solutions

Correct answer: (A)
Expectations

Page 11

421. Which of these factors is not one of the competing responsibilities that influence corporate social responsibility?

1. Ethical
2. Economic
3. Discretionary
4. Technical

Correct answer: (D)
Technical

422. Which of these is not an advantage of a virtual team?

1. Team members can be recruited for their specific skills or experience.
2. No overhead costs associated with physical buildings.
3. Conflict can be resolved easily using face-to-face meetings.
4. Low transport or commuting costs.

Correct answer: (C)
Conflict can be resolved easily using face-to-face meetings.

423. Which of these is not part of human resource policy?

1. Reward systems
2. Staff appraisals
3. Staff development
4. Suppliers choice

Correct answer: (D)
Suppliers choice

424. Which of these is not part of the recognised challenges for modern managers?

1. Micro-managing the workforce
2. Managing communications
3. Managing change
4. Managing the learning organisation

Correct answer: (A)
Micro-managing the workforce

425. Which one is not a recognised key skill of management?

1. Conceptual skills
2. Human skills
3. Technical skills
4. Writing skills

Correct answer: (D)
Writing skills

426. Which one is not an element in the primary activities of a value chain?

1. Procurement
2. Inbound logistics
3. Outbound logistics
4. Service

Correct answer: (A)
Procurement

427. Which one is not part of Lewin's (1952) three step approach to change?

1. Changing behaviour
2. Initiating change
3. Freezing
4. Unfreezing

Correct answer: (B)
Initiating change

428. Which one of the following is a feature of McGregor's Theory X?

1. Workers enjoy responsibility.
2. Workers view physical and mental effort as a natural part of work.
3. Workers like to show initiative.
4. Workers like to be directed.

Correct answer: (D)
Workers like to be directed.

429. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of a bureaucratic organisation?

1. Authority
2. Regulations
3. Command structure
4. Change

Correct answer: (D)
Change

430. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of a team?

1. Minimal and formal knowledge sharing
2. Collective output
3. Individual and collective responsibility
4. Fluid dimension to roles and tasks

Correct answer: (A)
Minimal and formal knowledge sharing

Page 12

431. Which one of the following is not one of Drucker's five guiding principles of management?

1. Making people's strengths effective and their weaknesses irrelevant.
2. Enhancing the ability of people to contribute.
3. To operate the organisation's status system.
4. Integrating people in a common venture by thinking through, setting and exemplifying the organisational objectives, values and goals.

Correct answer: (C)
To operate the organisation's status system.

432. Which one of the following political leaders could not be termed a 'transformational' leader?

1. Margaret Thatcher
2. Mikhail Gorbachov
3. Nelson Mandela
4. Bill Clinton

Correct answer: (D)
Bill Clinton

433. Which one of these characteristics is most commonly associated with the 'rational goal' model of management?

1. Worker welfare
2. Health and safety
3. Interpersonal relationships
4. Productivity

Correct answer: (D)
Productivity

434. Which writer is most associated with bureaucratic structures?

1. Henry Fayol
2. Max Weber
3. Adam Smith
4. Mary Parker Follett

Correct answer: (B)
Max Weber

435. Which writer was concerned with the reaction of workers to key characteristics of bureaucracies?

1. Merton
2. Weber
3. Gouldner
4. Mayo

Correct answer: (C)
Gouldner

436. Who of the following is a leading writer on contingency theory of leadership?

1. Rosabeth Kanter
2. Joan Woodward
3. Rensis Likert
4. Fred Fiedler

Correct answer: (D)
Fred Fiedler

437. Who of the following is the industrial philanthropist?

1. Frederick Taylor
2. Seebohm Rowntree
3. Henry Ford
4. Max Weber

Correct answer: (B)
Seebohm Rowntree

438. Who of these is the entrepreneur?

1. Barack Obama
2. James Dyson
3. Damien Hirst
4. Mo Farah

Correct answer: (B)
James Dyson

439. Who was a major protagonist of utilitarianism?

1. John Stuart Mill
2. Thomas Hobbes
3. Karl Marx
4. Adam Smith

Correct answer: (A)
John Stuart Mill

440. Workers' acceptance of change is characteristic of what type of culture?

1. Team culture
2. Collaborative culture
3. Group culture
4. Collective culture

Correct answer: (B)
Collaborative culture

Page 13

441. 'There is no discernible link between planning and performance'. Who is this position held by?

1. Michael Porter
2. Milton Friedman
3. Gary Hamel
4. Henry Mintzberg

Correct answer: (D)
Henry Mintzberg

442. According to Belbin (1981) an extroverted and enthusiastic person fits with what role?

1. Co-ordinator
2. Shaper
3. Resource investigator
4. Implementer

Correct answer: (C)
Resource investigator

443. According to Lewin, Lippet and White's 1939 experiment, which form of leadership produced the most work from participants?

1. Laissez-faire
2. Democratic
3. Authoritarian
4. A mix of laissez-faire and democratic

Correct answer: (C)
Authoritarian

444. According to the Five Factor model, 'extraversion' as a personality type is characterised by what type of people?

1. Good natured
2. Calm and self-confident
3. Sensitive and curious
4. Assertive and sociable

Correct answer: (D)
Assertive and sociable

445. As what are key factors that reflect the situation of an organisation referred to?

1. Administrations
2. Processes
3. Activities
4. Contingencies

Correct answer: (D)
Contingencies

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