1.9meses são quantos dias

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44780 INTERPRETATION OF ISOMER RATIOS IN NUCLEAR REACTIONS WITH FERMI-GAS AND SUPERCONDUCTOR MODELS. H. K. Vonach, R. Vandenbosch, and J. R. Huizenga (Argonne National Lab., Ill.). Nucl. Phys., 60: 70-96 (Nov. 1964).

Nuclear temperatures and isomer ratios are calculated on the basis of a semiquantitative theory for a Fermi gas with pairing correlations analogous to those of a superconducting metal. Although the superconductor model predicts only a slight energy dependence of the nuclear temperature at low-excitation energies, in agreement with some, but not all experimental results, the single-particle level spacings required to reproduce the absolute values of the experimental nuclear temperatures are considerably smaller than expected. The superconductor model predicts a reduction from the rigid-body moment of inertia which is consistent with isomer ratios for nuclei with an odd number of nucleons. However, some evidence is presented to show that the superconductor model overestimates the reduction in the moment of inertia for odd nuclei. Nuclear temperatures and isomer ratios are also calculated with a shifted Fermi gas model. In this model the Fermi gas predictions are modified to compensate for pairing interactions by simply re-defining excitation energies relative to a characteristic level. The characteristic level of an odd nucleus is assumed to be identical with its ground state. For odd nuclei the experimental isomer ratios are in good agreement with predictions of the Fermi gas theory with a rigid body moment of inertia. The shifted Fermi gas model gives better agreement with nuclear temperatures than the superconductor model, but gives too large a moment of inertia for odd-mass nuclei. The agreement between the predictions of the superconductor theory and the various experimental data for all types of nuclei is unimproved over the simpler Fermi gas theory. (auth) 44781 A SEARCH FOR THE CHARGE-DEPENDENT NUCLEAR FORCES. Ljubisav Novaković (Inst. for Nuclear Sciences “Boris Kidric,” Belgrade). Nucl. Phys., 60: 161-8(Nov. 1964).

It is shown that a possible deviation from charge independence, which the nuclear forces may exhibit, is sensitive to the size parameter appearing in a single-particle nuclear wave function. This parameter was fitted from the charge density distributions obtained from scattering experiments on 24 Mg using 187-Mev electrons. The measured atomic 24 A1 – 24 Na mass difference was calculated by taking into account not only electrostatic and electromagnetic effects but also those effects coming from a charge-dependent internucleon potential. The Fermi matrix element for the beta decay branches (24A1,24Na) — 24Mg was reanalyzed. The results indicate that the nuclear forces depart from the exact charge symmetry (pp = nn) by approximately 0.5%. (auth)

44776 MULTIPLE SCATTER CORRECTIONS USING THE MONTE CARLO PROGRAM MAGGIE. J. B. Parker, J. H. Towle, D. Sams, W. B. Gilboy, A. D. Purnell, and H. J. Stevens (Atomic Weapons Research Establishment, Aldermaston, Berks, Eng.). Nucl. Instr. Methods, 30: 77-87(Nov. 1964).

The Monte Carlo program MAGGIE, which corrects measurements of neutron scattering cross sections for the effects of multiple scatter, flux attenuation, and the angular spread of neutrons incident on a cylindrical sample, is described; and the various facilities in the program and its use are illustrated by examples. The neutron energy spectrum for each detector position is calculated by the program. (auth) 44777 INELASTIC SCATTERING OF NEUTRONS FROM MEDIUM AND HEAVY NUCLEI. S. G. Buccino, C. E. Hollandsworth, H. W. Lewis, and P. R. Bevington (Duke Univ., Durham, N. C.). Nucl. Phys., 60: 17-34 (Nov. 1964).

The energy spectra of neutrons scattered inelastically from 23 medium and heavy elements from Zr to U were observed at 90° for incident energies of 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 and 6.5 Mev, using time-of-flight techniques. The Fermi gas model, with constant level density coefficient, describes the data reasonably well for nuclei between closed shells when pairing energy corrections are made. For nuclei near the shell closures at N = 82, Z = 82 and N = 126, the nuclear temperatures are nearly constant over the range of excitation energies studied, and therefore the level density coefficients increase with excitation energy. There is a general agreement between the experimentally determined values of the Fermi gas model level density coefficient and theoretical predictions, although the overall increase of level density coefficient with mass number does not appear to be as great as predicted by a simplified equidistant-spacing model. (auth) 44778 THE REACTIONS Rh 103(p,d) Rh102 AND Rh 103(p,t) Rh101 AT 16.8 Mev. Kip S. Thorne and Edwin Kashy (Princeton Univ., N. J.). Nucl. Phys., 60: 35-48(Nov. 1964). (PUC-1964-143)

The reactions 103Rh(p,d)102 Rh and 103 Rh (p,t) 101 Rh were investigated, using 16.8-Mev protons. The Q values for the two reactions were determined to be -7.144 0.016 and 8.275 + 0.017 Mev, respectively. Excited levels of 101 Rh were observed at 331, 869, 1041, and 1512 kev. The 331-kev level may be the 4.5 d isomer of 101 Rh. Excited levels of 102 Rh were observed at 76, 161, 291, 380, 491, 544, 680, 726, 1200, 1670, and 1840 kev. Angular distributions were measured for most of the levels; and, from the comparison of these distributions with distorted-wave Born approximation calculations and with each other, conclusions were drawn about the spin, parity and spectroscopic factors of some of the levels. (auth) 44779 TRENDS IN NUCLEAR REACTION CROSS SECTIONS. III. THE (n,Q) REACTION INDUCED BY 14.5 Mev NEUTRONS FOR ELEMENTS IN THE RANGE 6 ZS 30. Donald G. Gardner and Yu-wen Yu (Illinois Inst. of Tech., Chicago). Nucl. Phys., 60: 49-65 (Nov. 1964).

An equation previously derived for the relative cross sections of the isotopes of a given element on the basis of the statistical model is rederived, including the effective Coulomb barrier for the emitted particle. The relative (n,a) cross section for 14.5-Mev neutrons is calculated for several isotopes of every element with 6 sz s 30. An empirical equation is also presented which predicts rather well the absolute (n,Q) cross sections for the isotopes. (D.C.W.)

44782 CHARGE DEPENDENT POTENTIALS AND NEUTRON-NEUTRON SCATTERING LENGTH. D. L. Lin (Yale Univ., New Haven). Nucl. Phys., 60: 192-202(Nov. 1964).

Nuclear charge-dependent potentials of the Brueckner and Watson type are obtained by inserting different masses of the charged and neutral pions. The pair formation terms are completely suppressed following the work of Klein. These potentials are then used to calculate the charge dependence of the 's scattering lengths app and app and the energy difference of the first T = 1 state of Li and He. The three coupling constants for a-N systems and the hard core radius are treated as open parameters to be fixed by empirical data. It is found that the coupling constants are

Page 3

44818 THERMAL-NEUTRON CAPTURE CROSS SECTION AND RESONANCE CAPTURE INTEGRAL OF Ce140 AND EFFECTIVE CAPTURE CROSS SECTION OF Ce141. P. M. Lantz, C. R. Baldock, and L. E. Idom (Oak Ridge National Lab., Tenn.). Nucl. Sci. Eng., 20: 302-6(Nov. 1964).

The thermal-neutron capture cross section of 140ce and its resonance capture integral, measured by an activation method, were found to be 0.59 = .06 and 0.48 .05 b, respectively. The effective capture cross section of 141 Ce in the Materials Testing Reactor was found to be 29 + 3 b. This value was determined by mass analysis for the neutroninduced 141ce. (auth) 44819 THE STUDY OF SHORT-RANGE HYPERFRAGMENTS -- THE DECAYS. A. W. Key, S. Lokanathan, and Y. Prakash (Oxford Univ.). Nuovo Cimento (10), 34: 27486(Oct. 16, 1964).

A study of about 1500 short-range (RH.F. s 10 um) hyperfragments observed among Ko interactions at 3500, 1500, and 800 Mev/c was made. The binding energy (BA) limits were obtained both from the nonmesonic and the mesonic decays of these hyperfragments. Mesonic decays of hyperfragments of mass number about 20 -100 were observed and an upper limit of BA = (20 – 35) Mev was inferred. The problem of the A° binding energy in nuclear matter was also discussed. (auth) 44820 ISOBAR DECAY PRODUCTS IN HIGH-ENERGY NUCLEAR INTERACTIONS CAUSED BY COSMIC RAYS. M. Kazuno (Dublin Inst, for Advanced Studies). Nuovo Cimento (10), 34: 303-16(Oct. 16, 1964).

An attempt to distinguish the decay particles of isobars from multiple produced particles in the interactions of cosmic rays is made by the analysis of the angular distributions of the secondary produced particles, using the kinematical relations among the isobar decay particles. A method of separating the decay particles of isobars from the rest is introduced and applied in the analysis. The particles separated by the method appear in interactions of small inelasticity of high primary energy. The position and dispersion of the angular distribution of these particles on the log tg e coordinate system were obtained and were consistent with those expected from the isobar decay process. It is found that the isobar decay process becomes appreciable in the energy region >1012 ev. (auth) 44821 COULOMB AND COHERENT NUCLEAR PRODUCTION OF p's BY PIONS AND NUCLEI. P. C. Castoldi (Universita, Genoa). Nuovo Cimento (10), 34: 501-3 (Oct. 16, 1964).

An attempt is made to determine the frpy coupling constant through the coherent production of mesons (p) by mesons(T) in the Coulomb field of a nucleus and the product of the fmpw, fwn constants through the interfering process of the coherent nuclear production of mesons(p). It is found that, using the best estimate available of the coupling constants of interest, the Coulomb production is larger than the nuclear coherent production at an energy z 25 Bev within a cone s 3 x 10-2 degrees around the incident direction. Be

Х cause of the smallness of this angle only the determination of the product frow • fwn is effectively possible through the nuclear coherent production. The absorption effects in nuclear matter were neglected in the calculations, (C.E.S.) 44822 THE ANALYSIS OF (p,q) ANGULAR DISTRIBUTIONS BY THE USE OF POPULATION NUMBERS. Rolf Nordhagen (Universitet, Oslo). Phys. Norvegica, 1: 193203(1963).

The alpha angular distributions from resonant levels in

proton reactions are analyzed by introducing not only the resonant spin but also the population of the magnetic substates of the resonant level. The population is later analyzed in terms of the parameters describing the level formation. Tables are included giving the necessary coefficients for analyzing alpha-decay from levels of spin 1, 2, 3 and 4 to a level of spin 0. The populations of resonant states in the 27 A1 (p,q) 24Mg reaction previously studied by Andersen are obtained as an example. The formation analysis of these populations leads to essentially the same conclusions as the previous study, but more detailed information on the formation parameter limits is obtained. (auth) 44823 THE REACTION 24Mg(d,p)25Mg IN THE DEUTERON ENERGY RANGE 700-1500 kev. T. Grotdal and K. Nyboe (Bergen Univ., Norway). Phys. Norvegica, 1: 222-6(1964).

The excitation functions of the proton groups from the reaction 24Mg(d,p)25Mg corresponding to the five lowest levels in 25Mg were studied, using deuterons at 700 to 1500 kev. The excitation functions show strong fluctuations. There is generally no symmetry about 90°, with energy correlation for the different proton groups in only a few cases. A qualitative description, based on a discussion of level densities in the compound system, indicates that the peaks in the excitation functions are not due to single levels, but rather to interference between several states, especially low-spin states with a fluctuating level density. (auth) 44824 THE YIELDS OF THE REACTIONS 23 Na(p,y)24Mg, 23Na (p,Q1,y)20 Ne, AND 23 Na (p,P1,y)23 Na IN THE BOMBARDING ENERGY RANGE 860-1470 kev. R. Nordhagen and H. B. Steen (Universitet, Oslo). Phys. Norvegica, 1: 23945(1964).

The relative and absolute gamma yields of the reactions 23 Na(p, y)24Mg, 23 Na (p,q1,y)2°Ne and 23 Na(p,P1,y)23 Na were measured in the proton energy range from 860 to 1470 kev. The main decay modes and relative intensities of the gamma spectra at 872, 986, 1019, 1161, 1172, 1202, 1252, 1281, 1317, 1392, 1415, and 1456 kev are given. Reduced particle widths and radiation widths are calculated for resonances which were previously assigned values of spin and parity. (auth) 44825 HYPERFINE RELAXATION OF OPTICALLY PUMPED Rb87 ATOMS IN BUFFER GASES. M. Arditi (International Telephone and Telegraph Corp., Nutley, N. J.) and T. R. Carver. Phys. Rev., 136: A643-9 (Nov. 2, 1964).

The hyperfine relaxation of a population difference, produced by optical pumping, between the F = 1, mf = 0 and F = 2, mp = 0 energy levels of the ground state of 8?Rb, has been studied in cells containing neon, argon, helium, or krypton as a buffer gas. The relaxation times T, and T2 have been measured as a function of the rubidium vapor pressure in the cell. The relaxation rate due to spin exchange in 8'Rb— ®?Rb collisions has been found equal to 65

87Rb sec-1 at 44°C, and the diffusion coefficients of 87Rb atoms in He, Ne, and Ar evaluated as 0.6, 0.31, and 0.22 cm2 sec-1, respectively. The cross sections for 87Rb-Ne and 87Rb - Ar collisions are found to be 1.6 x 10-22 cm2 and 9 x 10-22 cm?. The extrapolated values of 1/T2 for zero vapor pressure of rubidium are 185, 237, and 318 sec* for Ne, He, or Ar respectively. Relaxations by the pumping light or by the magnetic field inhomogeneities are also discussed. (auth) 44826 QUADRUPOLE COUPLING AND KNIGHT SHIFT ANISOTROPY IN “HCP" LANTHANUM. D. R. Torgeson and R. G. Barnes (Ames Lab., Ames, Iowa). Phys. Rev.,, 136: A738-44(Nov. 2, 1964). (IS-889)

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44859 (SU-SEL-64-036) EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF A TOROIDAL DISCHARGE. Technical Report No. 0253-5. D. R. Pigache, J. Hosea, and G. F. Reiter (Stanford Univ., Calif. Electron Devices Lab.). May 1964. Contract AT(04-3)-326. 36p.

A pulsed homogeneous toroidal reflex discharge was investigated. The mechanism of operation is explained and was confirmed experimentally. Langmuir-probe measurements were made of electron temperature and density throughout the pulse and afterglow, and the density measurements were confirmed by interferometer measurements. Drift losses are calculated from the temperature measurements, and agree well with those measured directly from the density variation. The losses are proportional to 1/B, as expected. A second pulse is injected in the afterglow, which causes a decay of densities. This decay is shown to be due to increased curvature losses arising from the heating of the plasma. The results of the experiments provide the diagnostic tools and basic data with which future toroidal confinement schemes, aimed at eliminating drift losses, can be evaluated and compared. (auth) 44860 (TID-21149) RESEARCH ON INSTABILITIES IN HIGHLY IONIZED LOW-PRESSURE METAL-VAPOR PLASMAS. Progress Report. E. M. Williams (Carnegie Inst. of Tech., Pittsburgh). June 22, 1964. Contract AT(30-1)-3100. 182p. (EAC-2)

An initial experimental investigation was carried through a first stage of completion. This investigation deals with the phenomena accompanying the instability of the positive column of a low-density highly ionized metalvapor plasma, in a configuration with a sharp discontinuity in column diameter. In this configuration, a plasma sac is formed, essentially as an extension of the smaller diameter (constricted) section of the plasma column into the large diameter (unconstricted section). For convenience, the resulting phenomenon is referred to as a PIACC (plasma instability at a column constriction) phenomenon. Experimental studies were conducted with a mercury-vapor column and a time-sampled swept-probe instrumentation technique. Although the details of the experiments require improvements, the findings to date are promising. The onset of the instability is preceded by an abnormal increase in electron temperature within the plasma sac, with consistent values in the range of 100,000 to 300,000°K recorded. The electron temperature in the plasma outside the sac remains practically constant at much lower values; the voltage drop across the double sheath enclosing the plasma sac increases in proportion to the temperature difference for the electrons within and without the sheath. However, the drift energy acquired by the electrons in crossing the double sheath is highly randomized, for reasons which are as yet not easily explainable, especially in view of the rather long mean-free-path to be expected in a mercury-vapor plasma at the low pressures involved. The experimental apparatus and experimental findings, some approximate models for the plasma-sac configuration, the details of the swept-probe instrumentation, and an orbital model for the steady-state plasma sac are described. (auth) 44861 (UCRL-11407) THE EFFECT OF COLLISIONS ON ION CYCLOTRON WAVES (thesis). David Larry Sachs (California. Univ., Berkeley. Lawrence Radiation Lab.). May 1, 1964. Contract W-7405-eng-48. 131p.

The behavior of a transverse electromagnetic wave propagating in the direction of a uniform magnetic field in a fully ionized plasma is examined. Linearized kinetic equations with collision terms of the Krook-Bhatnager

Gross type extended by Liboff to include interspecies collisional effects are used in the solution of a spatial boundary-value problem. The region of ion cyclotron resonance is closely investigated, and the transition of the dispersion relation from the low-temperature, collisiondominated regime to the high-temperature regime is observed. It is found that moments of the equations are adequate in the collision-dominated regime, but the kinetic equation for the ions must be used at higher temperatures. At these higher temperatures a complete solution of the problem requires numerical work near the source plane. Far from the source, explicit solutions for the fields can be written. (auth) 44862

(UCRL-Trans-1077(L)) RADIATION ACCELERATION OF PLASMA. V. I. Veksler, I. R. Gekker, E. Ya. Gol'ts, et al. (Akademiya Nauk S.S.S.R. Institut Fiziki im. P. N. Lebedeva and Akademiya Nauk S.S.S.R. Radiotechnicheskii Institut). Translated by Sergey Shewchuck (Univ. of California Lawrence Radiation Lab., Livermore), from report NTD-6317R, 1963, 17p.

The operation of waveguides for electromagnetic-field acceleration of a plasma was studied experimentally and theoretically. The radiation method is shown to be feasible. (R.E.U.) 44863 (UCRL-Trans-1084(L) ON CYCLOTRON

) RADIATION OF “SOUND” WAVES BY IONS IN NONISOTHERMAL PLASMA. V. I. Pakhomov. Translated by Sergey Shewchuck (Univ. of California Lawrence Radiation Lab., Livermore), from Ukr. Fiz. Zh., 8: 595-7(1963). 6p.

. It is shown that for Alfven wave velocity much greater than the velocity of sound in plasma, the intensity of the cyclotron radiation of the "sound" wave is greater than that of radiation of the ordinary and extraordinary waves by an order of magnitude of (VA/Vs)25 +1 for the sth har

2s monic. (R.E.U.) 44864 CONSIDERATIONS IN DYNAMICS STUDIES AND ANALOG SIMULATION OF FUSION REACTORS. Giovanni Marchesini (Università, Padua). Automazione Strumentazione, 12: 285-91(July 1964). (In Italian)

A study was made to show through which simplifications, and to what extent, it would be possible to describe the fusion reactor in terms analogous to those most frequently adopted for fission reactors. The problems in the determination of a mathematical model with consideration of the reactor dynamics are reviewed for the fission reactor, and presented for the fusion reactor. The analysis showed that the dynamics did not differ substantially from each other with respect to analog simulation and study of control systems. (J.S.R.) 44865 ALFVEN WAVES IN INHOMOGENEOUS PLAS

A. Skorupski (Inst. for Nuclear Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw). Bull. Acad. Polon. Sci., Ser. Sci., Math., Astron. Phys., 12: 329-34 (1964).

The results of Gajewski and Winterberg, concerning Alfvén waves in inhomogeneous magnetic fields are generalized for inhomogeneous plasmas and magnetic fields that are not external. Particularly the case of a plane and rotational symmetry of the magnetic field in equilibrium is considered and the corresponding differential equations for the vector potential are derived. A differential equation describing the Alfvén waves was reduced to a form convenient for approximations. (auth) 44866 RADIATION FROM SOURCES IMMERSED IN COMPRESSIBLE PLASMA MEDIA. James R. Wait (National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, Colo.). Can. J. Phys., 42: 1760-79(Sept. 1964).

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tion of the line density of charged particles as a function of time is derived. The effect of preionizing the gas by means of an oscillatory discharge is discussed, and pinch and inverse pinch modes of operating the Levitron are compared in terms of the probe results. Under all conditions, an experimental loss of particles is noted. Fluctuations in ion density and the variation of these fluctuations in space and time are taken as evidence of a remaining instability. The results are discussed in terms of stability theory. (auth) 44884 REMARKS ON THE FINITE LARMOR RADIUS STABILIZATION THEORY FOR MIRROR MACHINES. L. G. Kuo, E. G. Murphy, M. Petravic, and D. R. Sweetman (Culham Lab., Abingdon, Berks, Eng.). J. Nuclear Energy, Pt. C, 6: 505-10(Sept. -Oct. 1964). (CLM-P-39)

Several existing theoretical treatments of the low-frequency drift instability for low-ß and low-density plasmas in mirror machines are compared. The importance of boundary conditions is pointed out, and it is shown that finite Larmor radius stabilization is important for the m = 1 mode. The equation for the electrostatic potential for high densities is solved for some ratios a/r, of the Larmor radius to the plasma radius. It is found that in the Phoenix experiment, under the present operating conditions, a ratio of a/r, 2 0.5, corresponding to the field of 55 kgauss is sufficient for stability. (auth) 44885 MASS-CONJUGATE INSTABILITIES. R. A. Dory (Midwestern Universities Research Assn., Madison, Wis.). J. Nuclear Energy, Pt. C, 6: 511-12(Sept. -Oct. 1964).

Mass-conjugate systems (positive- and negative-mass systems that behave identically with the exception that particle excesses in one case are identified with particle deficiencies in the other) are postulated. The usual negative-mass and two-stream unstable systems occur in approximately conjugate pairs. (D.C.W.) 44886 AMBIPOLAR SCATTERING LOSSES FROM MAGNETIC MIRRORS. T. K, Fowler and M. Rankin (Oak Ridge National Lab., Tenn.). J. Nuclear Energy, Pt. C, 6: 513-14 (Sept.-Oct, 1964). (ORNL-P-17)

The ambipolar scattering losses in experiments in which the mirror ratio is small were investigated. The enhancement of the losses due to development of a plasma potential was calculated. (D.C.W.) 44887 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRON TEMPERATURE FROM THE INTENSITY RATIO OF TWO LINES IN A PLASMA DURING THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM. Jean-Louis Schwob (Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France). J. Phys. (Paris), 25: 71318(June 1964). (In French)

A method for measuring the electron temperature in a high temperature, low density plasma with a coronal distribution for the excited levels is described, based on the intensity ratio of two spectral lines of an alkali-like ion. For this purpose, various formulas for the electron impact excitation cross sections are presented and discussed. The curves showing the line intensity ratio versus Te were drawn for the pairs obtained from the following lines: NV 1 238 Å, NV 209 Å, and NV 162 Å, thereby permitting a measurement of electron temperatures in range from 7 to 70 ev. Some results obtained with this method, for the torus TA 2000 are given. (auth) 44888

MEASUREMENT OF THE VELOCITY OF A SHOCK WAVE BY BLOCKING OF HF TRIODES. Nguyen Van Trong (Faculte des Sciences, Lille). J. Phys. (Paris), 25: Suppl. to No. 6, 87A-9A (June 1964). (In French)

A simple and rapid photoelectric method for measuring the velocity of a self-luminous plasma front in a coaxial plasma shock tube is described. This method eliminates the accidental variations of the photoelectric signal and the perturbations due to the reflected wave. (auth) 44889 THERMONUCLEAR FUSION. W. E. Shoupp. Nucl. News, 7 No. 10, 53-4(Oct, 1964).

A summary is given of the Geneva Conference papers on thermonuclear fusion. (C.E.S.) 44890 GREEN'S FUNCTION FOR SIMPLE BROWNIAN KINETICS AND ITS APPLICATION TO PLASMA. W.A. Janos (North American Aviation, Inc., Downey, Calif.). Nuovo Cimento (10), 34: 371-85(Oct. 16, 1964).

An analysis is outlined concerning the derivation and application of the Green's function for a class of FokkerPlanck equations with strictly time-dependent external fields and constant viscosity-diffusion coefficients, the kinetic equation commonly used in the theory of Brownian motion. The form of Green's function for this general class of partial differential equations is given explicit expression in terms of the collisionless time-development operator on the set of initial velocities under the influence of external fields and viscous force. Application of such a singular solution is made to simplify the formulation for the nearequilibrium kinetics of excitation of neutral atoms by electrons and to electromagnetic propagation problems where a linearized self-consistent field treatment of the electronic constituent of a three-fluid plasma is necessary. (auth) 44891 SINGLE-PARTICLE RADIATION PROCESSES IN A PLASMA WITH MAGNETIC FIELDS. Robert Goldman (Princeton Univ., N. J.) and Ludwig Oster. Phys. Rev., 136: A606-9 (Nov. 2, 1964).

From the classical equation of motion, the radiation emitted by an electron in an external magnetic field undergoing Coulomb interactions is derived. It is shown that the several spectral components corresponding to magnetic and Coulomb force terms cannot be interpreted simply by saying that the total spectrum is composed of a cyclotron line superimposed on the continuum from the bremsstrahlung emission in the absence of the magnetic field. (auth) 44892 BEAM-PLASMA INTERACTION EXPERIMENTS AND DIAGNOSTICS. I. Alexeff, R. V. Neidigh, and W. F. Peed (Oak Ridge National Lab., Tenn.). Phys. Rev., 136: A689-95(Nov. 2, 1964). (ORNL-P-49)

. Beam-plasma interaction is considered to heat ions and electrons. A deuterium plasma is trapped between magnetic mirrors and traversed by a 5-kv, 1/2-A electron beam emerging from a highly ionized region in the mirror throat. The interaction amplifies the electron temperature of the plasma until the pressure exerted by the plasma competes with the pressure of the containing magnetic field (8TnKTB-2 ~ 1). Techniques used in measuring the density, temperature, and stability of the plasma are described. (auth) 44893 SUPPRESSION OF CONVECTIVE LOSSES FROM A STEADY-STATE PLASMA BY A POSITIVE-GRADIENT FIELD. C. C. Damm, J. H. Foote, A. H. Futch, A. L. Gardner, and R. F. Post (Univ. of California, Livermore). Phys. Rev. Letters, 13: 464-7(Oct. 12, 1964).

Convective plasma losses in a steady-state experiment were suppressed by a dodecapole array of longitudinal line cusps in combination with a mirror field. The plasma was produced by neutral atom injection; the plasma ion energy was 20 kev. With the convective losses suppressed, evidence for a lower-order density limitation by another in

Page 6

ing Al, C, Ce, Cr, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, and U, were formed into a series of 5-mm cubes and foils of various sizes. The ignition temperature of these specimens was then determined by the burning curve method. Major effects were shown by the Al, Ce, C, and Co additives, which raise the ignition temperatures of foil specimens (high specific area) from 150 to 250°C above that of unalloyed Pu. The other program was concerned with ternary alloys containing about two parts of U to one part of Pu and about 6 at. % of a third element. Interest in these alloys is based on the need for a 2:1 U-Pu alloy for zero power critical experiments. Ternary alloys which were prepared, contained Al, C, Cu, Fe, Mo, and Zr as the third element. Alloys containing Al, Cu, C, and Zr were found to have undesirable ignition behaviors, although none were as poor as the behavior of a sample of U-Pu alloy without a third component. Good resistance to ignition was achieved with alloys containing Fe or Mo; however, the ignition characteristics of the Fe alloy were adversely affected by the presence of moisture in the air. An investigation of the thermal conductivity of metal powders was initiated in order to achieve a better understanding of powder ignition phenomena. Measurements were accomplished using a line source heating method. Preliminary results were obtained with spherical powders of Ni and U. Experimental variables included particle size, pressure, temperature, and extent of oxidation. Studies were resumed of the AlU30, thermite reaction. Experiments were performed with cold-pressed compacts of Al - U208, containing 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 wt % UzOg and with unenriched Argonaut fuel plates which contain 39 wt% UzOg. Results showed that a maximum thermal effect occurred for specimens in the composition range 60 to 75 wt% U20 and that there was no effect of environment, air or Ar, or of 3 wt % water added to the pellets. (auth) 44923 (ANL-6923) REACTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM PROGRESS REPORT, JULY 1964. (Argonne National Lab., Ill.). Aug. 20, 1964. Contract W-31-109eng-38. 95p.

Summaries are presented on developments in boiling water reactors, liquid-metal-cooled reactors, general reactor technology, advanced systems research and development, and nuclear safety. Separate abstracts were prepared for each section. (J.R.D.)

For abstracts of individual sections see: 44924, 44925, 44926, 44927, and 44928. 44924 (ANL-6923(p.1-13)) BOILING WATER REACTORS. (Argonne National Lab., Ill.).

Operations, experimental programs, water chemistry studies, and maintenance work in Borax-V are summarized. (J.R.D.) 44925 (ANL-6923(p.14-45)) LIQUID-METAL-COOLED REACTORS. (Argonne National Lab., ill.).

Studies of Assembly 45 in ZPR-III are described. Data on the critical material and physical parameters of ZPR-IX Assembly 4 are tabulated along with data on the central worth coefficients on several metallic and ceramic materials and separated W isotope samples. Investigations are reported on the properties of U-Pu-fissium alloys, Ti-V jacket materials, radiation effects on Nb-Zr-clad U-Pufissium alloys, fabrication and properties of fuel elements for zero-power reactors, fabrication of Doppler test elements, development of Pu-U-C fuels, corrosion of Croloy in high-temperature air, reactions of Cd-Mg-Zn alloys with U,Og at 600°C, distribution of Pu between Mg-Zn

alloys and molten chloride salts, head-end treatment of refractory fuels, and sodium coolant chemistry. Other work is reported on development and operation of EBR-II and FARET. (J.R.D.) 44926 (ANL-6923(p.46-78)) GENERAL REACTOR TECHNOLOGY. (Argonne National Lab., Ill.).

Progress is reported on high-conversion critical experiment, in-core fast neutron spectroscopy, theoretical reactor physics, development of high-temperatrue ceramic fuel materials, corrosion of Zr by liquid Na, dissolution of stainless steel by Bi-Sn eutectics, development of thoriumbase fuels, reactor materials development, development of remote control systems, heat engineering, chemical separation processes, and development of Plutonium Recycle Reactor. (J.R.D.) 44927 (ANL-6923(p. 79-85)) ADVANCED SYSTEMS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. (Argonne National Lab., Ill.).

Summaries are presented of core physics calculations, core design work, design work on beam tubes for the experimental facility, and critical experiments for the Argonne Advanced Research Reactor. Other work is reported on MHD studies with liquid metals and on regenerative EMF cells. (J.R.D.) 44928 (ANL-6923(p.86-92)) NUCLEAR SAFETY. (Argonne National Lab., ill.).

Safety studies are described for thermal and fast reactors. Emphasis is placed on studies of metal-water reactions, metal oxidation studies, meltdown experiments, pressure-pulse studies in vaporizing liquids, and tests of a meltdown scanning device. (J.R.D.) 44929 (ANL-6936) REACTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM PROGRESS REPORT, AUGUST 1964. (Argonne National Lab., Ill.). Sept. 15, 1964. Contract W-31-109eng-38. 90p.

Summaries are presented of developments in boilingwater reactors, liquid-metal-cooled reactors, general reactor technology, advanced systems, and nuclear safety. Separate abstracts were prepared for the 5 topics. (J.R.D.)

For abstracts of individual sections see: 44930, 44931, 44932, 45079, and 45080. 44930 (ANL-6936(p.17-38)) LIQUID-METALCOOLED REACTORS. (Argonne National Lab., Ill.).

Doppler measurements in ZPR-III are reported for 239Pu-238 U metallic fuel mockups and urania -plutonia test samples, Axial flux transverses were made by the foil-activation technique in a 600-liter core containing U, Na, and graphite with a length-to-diameter ratio of about 1 to 1. Spatially dependent worth studies were made on Rh reflectors in ZPR-IX, along with studies of B worth enhancement by H and measurements of central worth coefficients of Au, Zr, and ZrH4. Development work on Ti-V cladding materials is described, and preliminary corrosion tests of V-base binary alloys are reported. Developments in fast-reactor fuel processing are also reported. EBR-II measurements made during the period included heat balance and transfer functions in approach-to-power experiments and power and flow coefficients. Analyses of the Ar cover gas system in EBR-II revealed that about 2200 PPM He and 20 PPM H, were present. Operation of the EBR-II power plant is summarized. Development and operation of the fuel-cycle facility and FARET are reported. (J.R.D.) 44931 (ANL-6936(p.39-72)) GENERAL REACTOR TECHNOLOGY. (Argonne National Lab., Ill.).

Page 7

steady-state exponential experiments and of calculations based on the THERMOS code. Pulsed neutron experiments on pertubed lattices were made to find prompt-neutron lifetime and the absolute negative reactivity of the assembly. The worths of control rods were also measured, The pulsed neutron and steady-state experiments for the measurement of the reactivity effect of control rods give results that agree within the experimental uncertainties. Two-group theory, with no allowance for absorption in the fast group, is found to underestimate the worth of the rod by a few per cent. The conditions for the validity of control rod experiments in exponential assemblies were considered. Suggestions for extending the techniques developed in this work and for refining the results are also included. (auth) 44973 (PAN-102/IX) IZMERENIE REZONANSNYKH INTEGRALOV (OBZOR PROBLEM I SOSTOYANIE RABOT). (Resonance Integral Measurements-A Review of the Present Status and of Some Problems). Yatsek Bouzhyk and Vitol'd Suval'ski (Polish Academy of Sciences. Inst. of Nuclear Research, Swierk). Mar. 1963. 17p.

The current status of the knowledge of resonance integrals of the elements, as well as the problem of empirical formulas for effective resonance integrals of the reactor fuel are discussed. Particular attention was paid to those elements for which no actual data are available, or for which the results published by various workers are inconsistent. Some aspects of the measurement methods used are discussed. The presented material will contribute information for the preparation of the experimental program. (auth) 44974 (TID-21190) INVESTIGATIONS IN SPATIAL REACTOR KINETICS. P. T. Hansson and L. R. Foulke (Norway. Institutt for Atomenergi, Kjeller). Sept. 1962. 55p. (KIR-N-14)

Measurements of the spatial dependence of the zeropower transfer function of NORA were performed by the conventional frequency-response technique. Significant spatial effects were found for frequencies higher than the break frequency Bll, and the wave-nature of the flux spacetime variation was recognized. A theoretical interpretation based on two-group diffusion theory is given by solution of the equations in the finite difference approximation on an analog computer. In general, there is good agreement between theory and experiment. (auth) 44975 AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN CONTROL RODS IN A SUBCRITICAL ASSEMBLY. M. A. Ghafoor and P. J. Grant (Imperial Coll, of Science and Tech., London). Brit. J. Appl. Phys., 15: 1179-85(Oct, 1964).

Measurements were made of the reactivity controlled by 1, 2, or 4 control rods, of mild steel, cadmium, or boron carbide at various positions in a natural uranium and graphite exponential assembly, Comparison is made with predictions based on: thermal neutron absorption and no fast neutron absorption; thermal neutron absorption together with fast neutron absorption represented by an extrapolation length averaged over a 1/E spectrum; thermal neutron absorption together with fast neutron absorption in which the extrapolation length is averaged by means of age theory. The third method gives good agreement with experiment in media having few voids; theory does not satisfactorily account for the effects of large voids. (auth) 44976

NEW SIGNS OF THE SINGULARITY OF THE SOLUTION OF THE FIRST BOUNDARY-VALUE PROBLEM FOR AN EQUATION OF THE ELLIPTICAL TYPE AND A SYSTEM OF THE EQUATIONS OF AN ATOMIC REACTOR. V. I. Skorobogatko and O. I. Bobik (Inst, of

Mathematics, Academy of Sciences, Ukrainian SSR). Dopovidi Akad. Nauk Ukr. RSR, No. 6, 703-6(1964). (In Russian)

Criteria of solvability of the first boundary-value problem are indicated for an equation of the elliptical type. There is a corollary: the results may be used in designing vessels of arbitary shape for safe storage of radioactive substances. (auth) 44977 RESONANCE ABSORPTION OF NEUTRONS IN HETEROGENEOUS REACTORS. S. Depken (Kungliga Tekniska Hogskolan, Stockholm). Energia Nucl. (Milan), 11: 405-14(Aug. 1964).

The resonance absorption in a volume containing absorbing and non-absorbing media heterogeneously distributed is shown to depend on the ratio G(E) of averaged collision densities. The formula obtained is the natural generalization of the formula valid for the homogeneous reactor. An approach to the resonance escape probability p is derived. As it does not deviate much from experimental p, it is well suited to constitute the basis of an empirical formula for p. This will be free from averaged cross sections and will be very little depending on empirical parameters. Another result of the theory is a theorem that can be of use in calculations of p for reactors with fuel clusters in the cell. (auth) 44978 THE IMPORTANCE EXPERIMENT FOR THERMAL NEUTRON ABSORBERS IN THE CORE OF JRR-2. Yasushi Nakai (Mitsubishi Atomic Power Industries, Inc., Omiya, Saitama Prefecture, Japan), Kinichi Haginoya, Mitsuo Yokota, Yasuhiko Miyasaka, Isao Arase, Shizuo Kikkawa, Denjiro Nemoto, and Osamu Sugimoto. Nippon Genshiryoku Gakkaishi, 6: 517-22(Sept. 1964). (In Japanese)

Measurements were made on thermal neutron absorbers such as iron, aluminum, cadmium, natural uranium, and mass light water in the central experimental hole (VT-1) of JRR-2, checking the reactivity change for their insertion especially about the effect of their volumes and locations. Reactivity effect between mass heavy water and light water was compared by the experiment in VT-1 and the vertical experimental hole No. 9 (VT-9) that is set in the heavy water reflector at the radius of 275/8 in. The radial and vertical thermal neutron flux inside and in the neighborhood of mass light water inserted in VT-1 was measured and compared for that of mass heavy water and mass void. The maximum value of reduced reactivity was about 0.55% for 100 cc iron, 0.1% for 100 cc aluminum, 0.08% for 20 cc natural uranium, and 1.0% for 800 cc mass light water, respectively at the center of the core and the reactivity effects for their inserted locations are proportional to the square of thermal neutron flux. The mass light water importance is not constant along the radius in the core, i.e., a negative effect was observed near the center and positive effect in the reflector contrarily. The peaking of thermal neutron flux is given in the mass light water comparing in the mass void or heavy water. The peaking value is about 2. (auth) 44979 THE STATUS AND THE FUTURE OF THE MONTE CARLO METHODS. Akira Tsuruo (Japan Atomic Energy Research Inst., Tokyo). Nippon Genshiryoku Gakkaishi, 6: 523-7 (Sept. 1964). (In Japanese)

Discussion is presented on evaluation of the Monte Carlo methods for reactor calculations, statistical and analytical techniques of the Monte Carlo methods, Monte Carlo calculations, and the future of the Monte Carlo methods. (P.C.H.) 44980 REACTOR PHYSICS AND PERFORMANCE. Jack Chernick, R. Avery, and T. A. Auerbach. Nucl. News, 7: No. 10, 20-3(Oct. 1964).

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Power and Power-Breeder Reactors

Refer also to abstract 45141.

45006 CALORIMETRIC EVALUATION OF FISSION HEAT AND BURN-UP RATES IN THE ISPRA-1 IRRADIATION EXPERIMENTS. A. Gerosa and S. Moretti (CNEN, Rome). Energia Nucl. (Milan), 11: 415-25(Aug. 1964).

Experimental data on heat ratings and burnups concerning two irradiation experiments are given and discussed. The experiments were performed in the Ispra-1 Reactor, as a part of the AN/CNEN|NPPC Joint Irradiation Programme, which aims to cover a total of four irradiation experiments. Experimental relations between enrichment, fluxes, and heat ratings were defined, and can be used for the nuclear design of future experiments, as well as for the estimate of burnup rate. (auth) 45007 NUCLEAR FUEL IN THE FUTURE. Energy Intern., 1: No. 8, 16-17(Oct. 1964).

The nuclear fuel development programs of several countries are outlined; and estimates of fuel production, demand, and supply are discussed, indicating a considerable reduction of present reserves of uranium by 1970 with exhaustion of the West's supplies by 1980 unless preventive measures are taken. (D.C.W.) 45008 BOOSTER ROD FOR NUCLEAR REACTORS, (to Groupement Atomique Alsacienne Atlantique). French Patent 1,337,402. Aug. 5, 1963. Filed July 30, 1962.

The booster rod serves for reactor startup and for compensating reactivity losses due to xenon poisoning and fuel discharge during reactor operation and is essentially constituted by a fuel element adapted to be moved like a control rod and to be removed quickly from the reactor core. The rod, sliding in a vertical guiding tube and cooled by a descending fluid flow, is provided with a rack adapted to be driven by a pinion for lifting the rod into the reactor core and to be disengaged from that pinion allowing free fall of the rod out of the core. A dash-pot is provided to slow down the fall of the rod near the end of its path. The rod drive, disposed under the bottom of the reactor core, consists of a driving pinion driven by an electric motor and engaging with a second pinion mounted in an element pivotally mounted about the axis of the driving pinion. By rotation of this element the second pinion may be engaged to and disengaged from the driving rack of the rod. (IIB) 45009 NUCLEAR REACTOR. Lester Goldstein, Leon Joseph, Morton S. Silberstein, and Albert A. Weinstein (to U. S. Atomic Energy Commission). U. S. Patent 3,149,043. Sept. 15, 1964.

A nuclear reactor was designed with a core having, in cross section, the shape of a regular hexagon with a central hole of the same shape. The core is composed of a plurality of fuel elements arranged in a plurality of hexagonal rings around the central hole. They have, in cross section, essentially the shape of a rhombus. The fuel elements include a plurality of parallel plates with the fuel plates of most of the fuel elements located next to the boundaries of the core and parallel to it. The fissionable material of the plates increases in graduated steps from the boundaries of the core to the center of the core. (AEC) 45010 FUEL SUBASSEMBLY FOR NUCLEAR REACTOR. Harry O. Monson and Ernest Hutter (to U. S. Atomic Energy Commission). U. S. Patent 3,150,057. Sept. 22, 1964.

A fuel assembly was designed for a nuclear reactor. It consists of a hexagonal tube and a bundle of slender fuel rods disposed in triangular array in the tube, with each of the fuel rods having a single, helical spacer rib. To prevent bowing a plurality of ribs extending across the faces of the hexagonal tube at specific locations are provided. (AEC)

45011 (DLCS-3070203) PRIMARY PLANT SELFACTUATED RELIEF VALVE OPERATION. Test Evaluation. (Duquesne Light Co., Shippingport, Penna.). First Issue, May 1964. Contract AT(11-1)-292. 24p.

The purpose of DLCS 3070104 was to insure the reliable operation of the self-actuated reactor relief valves (06H15-2, 3, 8, and 9) and the self-actuated pressurizer steam relief valves (06-H15-1 and 10). The purpose of DLCS 3070203 was to insure the reliable operation of the self-actuated reactor coolant loop relief valves (06-H15-4, 5, 6 and 7). and the self-actuated Purification System relief valves (07-H15-1 and 2). All relief valves operated reliably during the testing and were suitable for further service in the reactor plant. (auth) 45012 (DLCS-5000664) MONTHLY OPERATING REPORT, JUNE 1964. (Duquesne Light Co., Shippingport, Penna.). Contract AT(11-1)-292. 26p.

Core 2 modification of the reactor plant and the overall refueling operation continued. The overhaul of the main unit turbine remained in progress. Routine water sampling was limited to the canal water and the coolant charging water. Reference water specifications were maintained in both systems. : Activities in the Core 1-Core 2 replacement operation consisted of refueling procedure preparation, procurement and preparations of refueling materials, pre-assembly operations, and inspection of components. (auth) 45013 (DLCS-5000764) MONTHLY OPERATING REPORT, JULY 1964. (Duquesne Light Co., Shippingport, Penna.). Contract AT(11-1)-292. 34p.

The station remained shutdown throughout July for the continuation of reactor plant modification for Core 2 operation, the overall refueling operation, and the main turbine overhaul. Routine water sampling was restricted to the Canal Water and coolant charging water systems, and water specifications were maintained in both systems throughout the month. Results of an inspection of the canal water system and the radioactive waste disposal system for resin deposits are presented. The extraction crane was centered over the refueling port of the reactor vessel in preparation for trial operation. (auth) 45014 (DLCS-5000864) MONTHLY OPERATING REPORT, AUGUST 1964. (Duquesne Light Co., Shippingport, Penna.). Contract AT(11-1)-292. 34p.

The modification of the reactor plant for Core 2 operation, the overall refueling operation, and the main turbine overhaul continued. Removal of spent resin from the RWD underground storage tanks for disposal was initiated. Water specifications were maintained in the canal water and coolant charging water systems. Routine water sampling was restricted to the two systems. The fuel extraction crane and the PWR-2 orifice adjustment tool were checked out and placed in service for removal and reinstallation of blanket fuel assembly F-8. Following training on the use of the center support welding machine and stud tensioner, both pieces of equipment were utilized. (auth) 45015 (DPST-64-416) DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM — HEAVY-WATER-MODERATED POWER REACTOR. James M. Boswell (Du Pont de Nemours (E.I.) & Co. Savannah River Lab., Aiken, S. C.). Sept. 1964. Contract AT(072)-1. 77p.

Page 9

are all approximately the same. It is shown that if these shapes are assumed to be identical, certain useful orthogonality relations and certain identities involving the roots of the inhour formula for a given cluster are obtained. Use of these results simplifies the extension of the conventional equations of reactor kinetics to the nonseparable case. Inhour modes are also useful in analyzing certain experiments involving subcritical assemblies. As an illustration, application to the source-jerk and pulsed-source experiments is made. (auth) 45058 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANGLO-JAPANESE NUCLEAR POWER SYMPOSIUM, TOKYO, MARCH 1963. VOLUMES 1 AND 2. Proc. Anglo-Japan. Nucl. Power Symp., Tokyo, 1963, 1-2: 1-451. [Tokyo, Japan Atomic

, Industrial Forum and London, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority).

Progress on Tokai Generating Station, operational experience and improvements in performance of Calder Hall and Chapelcross Reactors, the Berkeley and Bradwell Power Stations, experience obtained on Tokai Power Project, the British nuclear power program, twin reactor stations at Sizewell, Oldbury Power Station, the Wylfa A-1 Reactor, fuel and fuel cycles for magnox reactors, present status of nuclear fuels research and development in Japan, reprocessing of irradiated fuel in the United Kingdom, graphite performance, research and development of nuclear graphite in Japan, plutonium in thermal reactors, the Advanced Gas-Cooled Reactor, experience in operating a power-producing fast reactor, and the role of safety in the progressive development of power reactors are discussed. Separate abstracts are prepared for 11 of the 17 abstracts presented. Abstracts of 6 papers previously appeared in NSA (18: 41942, 42970, 43048, 43049, 43050, and 43051). (C.E.S.)

For abstracts of individual papers see: 43725, 44079, 45059, 45060, 45061, 45062, 45063, 45064, 45065, 45066, and 45067. 45059 PROGRESS ON TOKAI GENERATING STATION. Toshio Takaichi (Tokyo Construction Office and Fuji Electric Mfg. Co. Ltd., Japan) and I. A. B. Gaunt. Proc. AngloJapan. Nucl. Power Symp., Tokyo, 1963, 1: 15-42.

The design, construction techniques, personnel training, and work progress of the Tokai-Mura Power Reactor are discussed. (C.E.S.) 45060 OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE AND IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERFORMANCE OF THE CALDER HALL AND CHAPELCROSS REACTORS AND THEIR USE AS AN IRRADIATION TESTING FACILITY FOR PROTOTYPE FUEL ELEMENTS. R. McKeague (Atomic Energy Authority, (Harwell, Berks, Eng.)). Proc, Anglo-Japan. Nucl, Power Symp., Tokyo, 1963, 1: 43-60.

It was shown, by the extensive operating experience that was accumulated at Calder Hall and Chapelcross, that even with the restrictions imposed by the very high safety standards, and the extent to which they are utilized as major irradiation test facilities, very high overall load factors can be maintained and the plants can be operated as reliably as conventional power stations. The large scale irradiation experience under actual operating conditions represents a convincing demonstration of the expected performance and long term endurance of uranium metal, magnesium alloy clad fuel elements. It seems likely that operators of British magnox designated reactors will eventually be expecting fuel irradiation lifetimes of 4-5000 Mwd /te. (C.E.S.) 45061 THE BERKELEY AND BRADWELL NUCLEAR POWER STATIONS. D. R. R. Fair (Central Electricity

Generating Board, (London]) and E. Anderson. Proc. Anglo-Japan. Nucl. Power Symp., Tokyo, 1963, 1: 61-83.

The organization set up to supervise various aspects of the Berkeley and Bradwell stations is discussed, and aspects of interest in the commissioning and initial operation of the stations are described. Staffing and training, the commissioning organization, safety, the commissioning program, mechanical testing, instrumentation and safety circuits, control rod calibration, flux shaping and coolant flow distribution, fuel integrity tests, and startup performance are considered. (C.E.S.) 45062 EXPERIENCE OBTAINED ON TOKAI ATOMIC POWER PROJECT. Katsuji Fukuda (Japan Atomic Power Co., (Tokyo)), Toshio Yoshioka, Susumu Tsujimoto, and Ichiro Watanabe. Proc, Anglo-Japan. Nucl. Power Symp., Tokyo, 1963, 1: 85-105.

A chronological review of designing and construction of the Tokai Power Station is presented. Radiation control, reactor control characteristics, safety design, aseismatic design, staff training, meteorological surveys, studies on graphite, fuels, and brittle fracture of steel, and economic aspects are discussed. (C.E.S.) 45063 THE BRITISH NUCLEAR POWER PROGRAMME. D. R. Berridge (Central Electricity Generating Board, (London)). Proc, Anglo-Japan, Nucl, Power Symp., Tokyo, 1963, 1: 109-18.

The experience and knowledge gained during the design, construction, commissioning, and early operation of the first nuclear stations are discussed. (C.E.S.) 45064 TWIN REACTOR STATIONS AT SIZEWELL. H. S. Arms (English Electric Co. Ltd., (Whetstone, Leics, Eng.)). Proc, Anglo-Japan. Nucl. Power Symp., Tokyo, 1963, 1: 119-31.

The site layout of the Calder Hall type reactors is discussed with particular emphasis on the twin reactor stations at Sizewell. (C.E.S.) 45065 OLDBURY POWER STATION. R. D. Vaughan. Proc. Anglo-Japan. Nucl. Power Symp., Tokyo, 1963, 1: 133-52.

A description of the concrete pressure vessel, the reactor core, boilers, gas circulation, reactor facilities, and generating plant is presented. (C.E.S.) 45066 THE WYLFA A-1 REACTOR. J. W. Ashley (United Power Co. Ltd., (London)). Proc. Anglo-Japan. Nucl. Power Symp., Tokyo, 1963, 1: 153-76.

Basic design decisions, special features of the design, safety considerations, and special requirements to suit Japanese conditions are discussed. (C.E.S.) 45067 FUEL AND FUEL CYCLES FOR MAGNOX REACTORS. D. R. R. Fair (Central Electricity Generating Board, (London]) and N. L. Franklin. Proc. Anglo-Japan. Nucl. Power Symp., Tokyo, 1963, 1: 185-215.

Fuel elements based upon metallic uranium enclosed in Magnox cans that are used in the Calder Hall type reactors are discussed. The design and performance features are considered. That part of the fuel cycle that deals with the strategy of fuel movement or replacement within the reactor and the consequences of various strategies to reactor output and fuel utilization are discussed. Demands upon fuel handling equipment are also considered. (C.E.S.) 45068 STUDY OF A REACTOR POWER CONTROL BY ACTING ON THE COOLANT FLOW, THE INLET AND OUTLET TEMPERATURE BEING CONSTANT. Pierre Barbaste. p.175-83 of "Comptes Rendus des Journées sur le Contrôle Optimum et les Systèmes Non-Linéaires - Saclay13-15 June 1962.” (EUR 1652.f). (In French)

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45091 (PAN-416/XII) IMPUL'SNYI PUSKOVOI KANAL “A” REAKTORA NULEVOI MOSHCHNOSTI ANNA. (Pulse Startup Channel “A” of the Zero Power Reactor ANNA). Andzhei Kshytski (Polish Academy of Sciences. Inst. of Nuclear Research, Swierk). Mar. 1963. 11p.

Pulse channels of the startup and power change control of the zero-power reactor ANNA are described. They provide for the measurement of power level and of the reactor period through 5 decades as well as for the signal of exceeding the preset lowest admissible value of period and the minimum level of reactor power (signal of the presence of a neutron source). The main characteristics and description of the circuits of the essential parts of the channel, as a fission chamber, pulse amplifier, linear and logarithmic ratemeter, period meter, and safety trigger circuits, are given. (auth) 45092 (PAN-419/XI) DER GLEICHSTROMMESSKANAL IM KONTROLL-UND SICHERHEITSSYSTEM FUR DEN NULLEISTUNGSREAKTOR MARYLA. (D. C. Measurement Channel for the Control and Safety System of the Critical Assembly Maryla). Jan Podgorski (Polish Academy of Sciences. Inst. of Nuclear Research, Swierk). Mar. 1963. 33р.

A description is given of the d-c compensated ionization chamber control system of the 250-w light water critical assembly Maryla. Technical specifications are given. The system is used primarily for startup safety. (R.E.U.) 45093 (PAN-421/Doz.XI) ANALIZ VOPROSA AVARII REAKTORA VVR-S. (Problems of VVR-S Reactor Accident). Zbignev Baibor and Ksh'shtof Zharnovetsei (Polish Academy of Sciences. Inst. of Nuclear Research, Swierk). Mar. 1963. 20p.

The probability of an accident with the VVR-S reactor and its probable causes are discussed. On the basis of the assumed data concerning the most typical accidents the radiation doses received during the accidents are calculated. Some theoretical calculations and experiments are suggested which would furnish data for additional improvements in the reactor building and equipment and for a decision on a procedure in case of an accident. (auth) 45094 (THAI-AEC-2) PROGRESS REPORT ON REACTOR PHYSICS AND HEALTH PHYSICS. (Thailand. Office of Atomic Energy for Peace, Bangkok). Dec. 1963. 18p.

The kinetics, operation, design, safety, and performance of the Thai Research Reactor-1 (TRR-1) are described. Information is included on: criticality, power calibration, effect of thermal column and beam tubes, temperature coefficient, void coefficient, absorber effectiveness, shielding survey, neutron measurements, health physics, and environment radiation. Fallout monitoring, film badge service, and strontium-90 content in rain water and foods are discussed. (N.W.R.) 45095 (TD-7697) SYMPOSIUM ON PROBLEMS IN IRRADIATION CAPSULE EXPERIMENTS, (HELD AT GERMANTOWN, MARYLAND), OCTOBER 8, 9, AND 10, 1963. William L. R. Rice, ed. (Division of Reactor Development, AEC). Mar. 1964. 658p. (CONF-227)

A total of 65 papers are presented which are arranged into 5 sections dealing with capsule design and operation for nonfissile and fissile materials, dosimetry, heat transfer, instrumentation, temperature control, etc. Separate abstracts were prepared for 56 of the papers. For abstracts of the remaining 9 papers, see NSA: 18: 1297, 2384, 2385, 2386, 2387, 2388, 6911, 11487, and 13336. (D.L.C.)

For abstracts of individual papers see: 43744, 43759, 43774, 43893, 43894, 43895, 43896, 43897, 43940, 43941, 44062, 44934, 45096, 45097, 45098, 45099, 45100, 45101, 45102, 45103, 45104, 45105, 45106, 45107, 45108, 45109, 45110, 45111, 45112, 45113, 45114, 45115, 45116, 45117, 45118, 45119, 45120, 45121, 45122, 45123, 45124, 45125, 45126, 45127, 45128, 45129, 45130, 45131, 45132, 45133, 45134, 45135, 45136, 45137, 45138, and 45139. 45096 (TID-7697(p.1.1.1-22)) CAPSULES FOR SURVEILLANCE OF SOME PLUM BROOK REACTOR STRUCTURAL MATERIALS. Patrick L. Donoughe and Charles L. Younger (National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Lewis Research Center, Cleveland).

Surveillance irradiations are to be carried out on the three materials used in the Plum Brook Reactor (PBR) core: Mallory 1000, 17-7 PH stainless steel, and beryllium. After a brief description of the PBR facility, the design criteria of the capsules for the irradiations are discussed, and the capsules are described. (D.L.C.) 45097 (TID-7697(p.1.6.1-3)) IRRADIATION ON NON-FISSILE MATERIALS IN THE ORR CORE AND POOL FACILITIES. J. R. Weir (Oak Ridge National Lab., Tenn.).

Brief descriptions are given of the P-5 facility outside the core which is used for in-pile stress-rupture and creep experiments and of the B-8 core facility which is used for irradiations at controlled temperatures. The experiments carried out in P-5 are described in some detail. Fast flux monitoring in the facilities are discussed. (D.L.C.) 45098 (TID-7697(p.1.7.1-9) HIGH-TEMPERATURE GRAPHITE IRRADIATION RIG, SD 486. S. L. Nayler (United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority. Research Group. Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell, Berks, England).

The rig design described is being used for the irradiation of graphite specimens at 1200 to 1300°C in a Mark III fuel element of DIDO reactor. Heat transfer and reactivity absorption calculations are discussed, and instrumentation and safety of the rig are considered. Operational experience with three rigs of this type is discussed briefly. (D.L.C.) 45099 (TID-7697 (p.1.9.1-11)) CAPSULES FOR NON-FISSILE IRRADIATIONS. N. H. Hancock (United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority. Research Group. Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell, Berks, England).

A series of rigs were developed for neutron irradiation damage studies of graphite and other non-fissile materials in the Mark III fuel elements in DIDO or PLUTO reactor. The rigs described include Series I, II, III, and IV, which were intended for use at moderate temperatures up to 900°C. (D.L.C.) 45100 (TID-7697(p.2.1.1-7)) DESIGN OF THE EIGHT-BALL IRRADIATION CAPSULE. D. B. Trauger (Oak Ridge National Lab., Tenn.).

A capsule was designed for carrying out the irradiation of several graphite spheres containing coatedparticle fuels under similar conditions for comparative purposes. The capsule is being used in the F-1 core position of ORR, and distributions of the thermal neutron flux and temperature across the capsule are given. (D.L.C.) 45101 (TD-7697(p.2.2.1-5)) CAPSULE FOR IRRADIATION OF URANIUM IMPREGNATED GRAPHITE AT

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RADIOACTIVE WASTE. L. C. Emma, E. J. Tuthill, and
G. G Weth (Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, N. Y.).

Several extended runs of a pilot plant for the phosphate glass fixation of wastes were carried out. Operating data and chemical data from the runs are shown. The break in the freeze valve tube which occurred during one run is discussed. Instrumentation of the pilot plant is discussed. Bench-scale equipment to be used in small hotcell experiments on Purex waste at Hanford, and the experiments themselves, are described. Results are given of studies on the corrosion of Pt, Pt-Rh, Pt- Au, and Pt-Ir by phosphate glass for 3000 hr at 1200°C. (D.L.C.) 45154 (TID-7699(p.73-95)) STATUS OF RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRATION PROGRAMS ON SOLIDIFICATION OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES. A. M. Platt, R. T. Allemann, C. R. Cooley, J. D. Kaser, J. D. Moore, F. P. Roberts, K. J. Schneider, and U. L. Upson (General Electric Co. Hanford Atomic Products Operation, Richland, Wash.).

A summary is presented of research and development work carried out on waste solidification during the period Sept. 1962 to March 1964. The work includes: smallscale spray and pot calcination of high-level radioactive wastes, large-scale spray solidification of simulated wastes, and development of an engineering-scale prototype for demonstration of three promising solidification processes (pot calcination, spray solidification, and phosphate glass solidification). (D.L.C.) 45155 (TID-20980) PART I. INORGANIC SORBENTS. B, L. Baker and T. H. Wilson. PART II. SOIL PERCOLATION STUDIES. E. R. Conway. Progress Report No. 9. (South Carolina. Univ., Columbia). July 30, 1964. Contract AT(38-1)-147. 90p.

Research work is reported on inorganic sorbents for the removal of radioactive ions from waste streams. A brief review of previous work is presented along with descriptions of investigations that were performed during the period. Results of experiments showed that hydrous metallic oxides of Fe(III), Co(III), Al and Sn(IV) sorbed Sr ions by the mechanism of adding one equivalent of hydroxyl ion per equivalent of Sr. These materials sorbed little or no Cs. Aluminum silicate gel-sodium form with ratio Al2O3 • 10SiO, was found to be somewhat selective for Cs in the presence of Na, K, NH,, and Sr ions. The physical characteristics are fair and make it suitable for column packing. Several cycles of sorption and elution using columns were made with good results. The gel has a capacity for Cs of approximately 1.5 to 1.6 Meq/gram. A systematic study was begun to develop other inorganic materials as sorbents. Ferric and zirconium arsenates were examined. Both show better than 1-Meq/gram capacities for Sr in acid media. Zirconium arsenate appears to be very stable in HNO3 solutions. Work with the permeameter described in a previous report was continued in an effort to evaluate the usefulness of a suggested equation for flow of water through packed beds. Runs were made with Savannah River Plant soil, with spherical glass beads, with Raschig rings, and with Berl saddles. The blank correction for the permeameter was re-evaluated and was checked by calculations. Two new bed lengths were added to those available for the permeameter and were used for the beds tested. Shape factors for all packings other than the soil were determined from geometric measurements for comparison with those found from hydraulic measurements made with the permeameter. The data for runs reported previously were re-examined and recalculated in the light of newly determined soil densities and a slightly new graphical method

of evaluating the data of some of the runs. The recalculated results are somewhat more consistent than those reported earlier. The results show that the form of an equation suggested by Ergun gives fair accuracy when used with soil beds of the type tested but that it does have some error except when used for beds of spheres. The agreement found between beds of spheres and the Ergun equation suggests that the permeameter gives accurate and reliable results. For the soil tested, the average value of de was found to be 0.695 for particles coarser than 45 mesh; the average value found for be was 2.56 (compared with 1.75 suggested by Ergun). The results of the work with Raschig rings and Berl saddles suggest that Ergun's value of the constant a 150 might also be somewhat in error for non-spheres. Further work should be done to find how the constants a and b vary with particle shape. Other evidence was also found which suggests that some phenomenon occurs in packed beds that is not accounted for in the Ergun equation: the e and be values predicted for blends did not agree precisely with those found experimentally and the working plots of H/w versus w were found to arch slightly for the coarser non-spherical particles. Further work should be done to discover the nature of this phenomenon and to find how it should be treated in the Ergun equation. (auth) 45156 (UJV-1109/64) OPYT PO EKSPLUATATSII USTANOVOK PO OBESVREZHIVANIYU RADIOAKTIVNYKH OTKHODOV V IYAI V RZHE ZHI. (Operation of Waste Decontamination Installations Constructed by the Institute of Nuclear Research in Rzhezhi, Czechoslovakia). I. Zaruba and I. Napravnik (Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved. Ustav Jaderneho Vyzkumu, Rez). (nd). 7p.

Descriptions are given of two installations for liquid waste decontamination by evaporation that have a capacity of 125 to 140 kg/hr at 80°C and yield a 100-fold volume reduction. The mean activity of treated material was 10-6 c/1, mean dry residue 1.5 g/1, with pH from 2.5 to 4.5. A layer and improved device built in 1961 increased capacity to 8 m3/hr. Since 1962 the installation has processed 570 m3 of waste with activities from 10-4 to 10-8 c/1 and dry residue 0.5 to 7 g/1. (R.V.J.) 45157 WASTE MANAGEMENT: TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES AND ATTITUDES OF SAFETY. W. G. Belter, D. E. Ferguson, and F. L. Culler. Nucl. News, 7: No. 10, 94-7(Oct. 1964).

A summary is given of the Geneva Conference papers on waste management including the technological advances that were reported and the changes in safety attitudes that have occurred. (C.E.S.) 45158 SAFETY PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE. Walton A. Rodger. Nucl. Safety, 5: 287-302(1964).

A review of waste problems in the nuclear industry is presented. Discussions are included concerning areas of potential hazard, methods of dealing with hazards, and effects of accidents on the waste disposal experience. (J.R.D.) 45159 METHOD OF DEHYDRATING AND INSOLUBILIZING AN AQUEOUS NUCLEAR REACTOR WASTE SOLUTION. W. E. Winsche and M. W. Davis, Jr. (to U. S. Atomic Energy Commission). U. S. Patent 3,152,984. Oct. 13, 1964.

A method for disposing of radioactive waste is described, which is inexpensive, convenient, and safe. The waste solution is mixed with sulfur, the mixture heated to a temperature sufficient to dehydrate it and drive off volatile components and decomposition products, then it is heated to a higher temperature sufficient to insolubilize the other waste components, and finally the residual mixture is

Page 12

contained 1.96 grams of uranium and 2.9 milligrams of plutonium. A study of the denitration of acid solutions with sugars showed that dextrose was better than sucrose as a denitrating agent. Three commercial systems, Humiseal 2A60 (a polyurethane system), DC 269 and RTV 615, both silicone systems, were evaluated as matrices for flexible conductive adhesives. All three were unsatisfactory. The addition of 9% low viscosity depolymerized rubber to a carbon black silicon formulation increased the peel strength of the formulation from 0.5 to 4.0 lb/in. (auth) 45175 (MLM-1209) MOUND LABORATORY PROG- RESS REPORT FOR JULY 1964. J. F. Eichelberger, G. R.

Grove, and L. V. Jones (Mound Lab., Miamisburg, Ohio).

A method of separating helium-3 from helium-4 in the liquid phase by a combination “superleak” and “heat flush" technique is being studied. Helium-3 enrichments to about 11% were obtained. Experiments with a single column have led to revised values of transport coefficients for the 11- column carbon-13 cascade. The neon-22 draw-off run was completed in the processing of intermediate material used for enriching neon-21. Batch operation was started, and the column profile showed that the neon-21 had reached a con- centration of about 48%. In the initial test run to enrich the heavy krypton isotopes, krypton-84 and -86 were enriched to 92% at the bottom of the cascaded thermal diffusion column system. Heavy xenon product is being drawn off at a rate of 21 ml per day from the five-stage cascaded swing system. The concentration of xenon-131 remains below 0.7%. A separation of krypton-85 and xenon was made using For- mula 676 and dry ice as the coolant for the chromatograph column. Although this mixture was reported to give a lower temperature than that of trichloroethylene and dry ice, the separation factors were similar. The omega integrals are being evaluated for analyzing gas transport properties and as a link between the theoretical molecular potential and the physical properties of a gas. A new variable geometry vac- uum chamber adaptable to any of the solid state detectors in use is being fabricated. The ratio of alpha activities,

α Q208 Po/a209 Po, in a source containing both isotopes is being

of measurement. By the original method the Maximum Permissible Concentration (MPC) in the human body gave 0.95 alpha count per minute. By the new method the MPC yields 3.80 counts per minute. (auth) 45176 (NYO-10544(Rev.)) ADSORPTION OF ZINC (AND SILVER) ON SILT AND WATER HANDLING SUR- FACES. Final Report. Charles E, Renn (Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore). Sept. 1964. Contract AT(30-1)-2536.

. . 27p.

Radiotracer techniques were used in the following stud- ies: Radio-Zinc Binding in Soft Clams. The mode of feed- ing of Mya arenaria and the manner in which it secures Zn from silt and organic detritus were studied. It was found that the clam can flocculate and settle Zn-bearing fines from suspension and that high Zn concentrations appear in the mantle, siphon, and fecal strings. Redistribution of Silt-Bound Zinc by Aquatic Annelids. It was demonstrated that the major fraction of the adsorbed Zn remained ad- sorbed on the scoured fecal strings deposited by the tubif- icid worms. Adsorption of Trace Concentrations of Silver on Water Handling Surfaces. A study was made of the be- havior of Ag traces in underdesigned silver-based water disinfecting systems. Several test surfaces were used, and the effects of atmosphere, pH, and organic matter on Ag adsorption were studied. (D.L.C.) 45177 (ORNL-P-445) THE FREEZING AND THAWING OF ISOLATED CELLS. Peter Mazur (Oak Ridge National Lab., Tenn.). (Sept. 10, 1964). Contract [W-7405-eng-26]. 39p. (CONF-728-1)

From American Cancer Society Conference on Cryobiol- ogy, Rye, N. Y., Oct. 1964.

Factors that cause injury and loss of viability during freezing and thawing of isolated cells are discussed. Yeast and red blood cells are discussed in detail. (C.H.) 45178 (ORNL-P-483) ON THE CHEMISTRY OF CHROMOSOME CONTINUITY. Sheldon Wolff (Oak Ridge National Lab., Tenn.). [1964]. Contract [W-7405-eng-26).

- 28p. (CONF-734-1)

For presentation at Symposium on Genes and Chromo- somes Structure and Function, Buenos Aires, Nov.-Dec. 1964.

Data available on chromosome structure are reviewed. Results are reported from experiments on the metabolic- requirements for the repair of radiation-induced chromo- some breaks, experiments on the types of aberrations in- duced at various stages of the cell cycle, and experiments on enzyme digestion of isolated mitotic nuclei and chromo- somes of Vicia faba. Results indicate that the mitotic chromosomes of Vicia faba depend in the main upon non- histone protein for their linear continuity and are multi- stranded structures. The results obtained with Vicia faba chromosomes, in general, seem to fit those obtained with many other organisms. The one major exception being the results obtained by some workers, but not all, on lampbrush chromosomes of the newt. (auth) 45179 (SC-DC-64-1450) COMPARISON OF WIND TUNNEL AND FLIGHT DATA FOR A HYPERSONIC INSTRUMENTATION ROCKET. Randall C. Maydew (Sandia Lab., Albuquerque, N. Mex.). Sept. 1964.

tract [AT(29-1)-789). 27p. (CONF-752-1)

From 22nd Meeting of the Supersonic Tunnel Assoc. at the von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, Rhode- Saint-Genese, Belgium, Sept. 1964.

The static stability characteristics of 0.0833- and 0.139-scaled models of a high-fineness-ratio instrumen- tation rocket were measured in a trisonic and a hyper-

Page 13

sonic tunnel at Mach numbers up to 7.6. These wind tunnel data correlate fairly well with the telemetered static stability data from two Nike-Tomahawk flight tests. (auth) 45180 (SC-DC-64-1453) ELASTIC CONSTANTS OF PLASTIC CRYSTALS. Final Report. John R. Green (New Mexico. Univ., Albuquerque). July 20, 1964. Contract AT(29-1)-789. 25p.

Progress is summarized on the following topics in the research program: crystal growth, dielectric studies of the phase transformation of cyclohexanol, density measurement, propagation of ultrasound in a cubic solid, and ultrasonic studies of camphene and cyclohexanol. (D.L.C.) 45181 (SC-DC-3550) SUGGESTED DESIGN CRITERIA FOR STANDARDS LABORATORIES. H. H. Baxter, Jr. (Sandia Corp., Albuquerque, N. Mex.). (Nov. 1963). Contract AT(29-1)-789. 37p.

A discussion is presented of what the ever-increasing demand for accuracy requires in standards-laboratory planning and design The location, room arrangements and dimensions, structural shell, entrances and windows, utilities, and environments are treated. Clean rooms are also discussed. (D.L.C.) 45182 (SC-R-64-145A) BASIC DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR LAMINAR AIR FLOW DUST CONTROL DEVICES. W. J. Whitfield, J. C. Mashburn, W. E. Neitzel, and L. C. Trujillo (Sandia Corp., Albuquerque, N. Mex.). May 1964. Revised Aug. 1964. Contract AT(29-1)-789. 23p. (CONF-735-1)

From National Meeting of the American Association for Contamination Control, Los Angeles, May 1964.

Laminar air flow principles and basic design requirements are given for laminar air flow clean rooms, clean benches, and laminar flow hoods. Also discussed are: final filter mounting requirements, plenum design, location of clean room lighting, clean room construction materials, air ducts, air distribution, clean room floors, and noise control design considerations. (auth) 45183 (SC-R-64-175) THE UNIQUE ROLE OF NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING IN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS. D. W. Ballard (Sandia Corp., Albuquerque, N. Mex.). July 1964. Contract AT (29-1)-789. 14p. (CONF-738-1)

From the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Design Engineering Conference and Show, Chicago, May 1964.

While the use of nondestructive test methods such as radiography and ultrasonics has shown a tremendous increase on the production line, the designer has often failed to capitalize on the unique benefits of these tools during development programs. The importance of the designer reviewing his nondestructive test programs in the light of more demanding requirements for nuclear and aerospace componentry is pointed out. Close teamwork is urged between the designer and test engineer in the planning and execution of a comprehensive nondestructive testing program. Benefits resulting from this cooperation include a better correlation of design and production test data, more information from destructive tests, fewer expensive destructive tests during development, a source of unique test data hitherto unavailable to the designer, and a more definitive product design. Examples are given of each of these benefits without explaining in detail the specific nondestructive test methods involved. Consequently, the discussion is directed towards designers with some background in available testing techniques, but

not necessarily expert in any of the recognized nondestructive test methods. (auth) 45184 (SC-R-64-176) CONSIDER THE ACCEPTANCE METHOD WHEN REVIEWING THE DESIGN. E. S. Roth (Sandia Corp., Albuquerque, N. Mex.). June 1964. Contract [AT(29-1)-789). 14p. (CONF-454-2)

From Western Region Quality Control Conference, Portland, Ore., Apr. 1964.

A single part is usually defined using many different dimensioning and tolerancing methods. This practice puts the inspection process designer on the spot since he should use all of the different inspection methods (surface plate inspection, “go” and “not-go" gages, functional receiver gages, optical chart gages) demanded by the drawing. The inspection process can be optimized if it becomes a design consideration. (auth) 45185 (SC-R-64-1319) MINIMIZING POSSIBLE SEPARATION BETWEEN ENCAPSULATION MATERIALS AND INTEGRAL PLASTIC HOUSINGS. R. M. Curlee (Sandia Corp., Albuquerque, N. Mex.). Aug. 1964. Contract AT(29-1)-789. 16p. (CONF-741-1)

From Western Electric Company, 1964 Casting Resin Conference, Indianapolis Works, Apr. 1964.

Results are described of tests performed to determine the significant variables influencing the separation of encapsulation materials from molded plastic housings. The effects of housing design and material, housing preparation, the type of encapsulant, and various processing techniques were investigated in order to solve a production problem and to provide design information for future electronic packages. (auth) 45186 (SC-R-747) OPTICAL INSPECTION OF CONSTANT FORM ELEMENTS. E. S. Roth (Sandia Corp., Albuquerque, N. Mex.). Jan. 1964. Contract AT(20-1)-789. 7p.

Principles of chart gage design using positional and form tolerances are discussed. The effects of RFS and MMC specification to part datum-axes and tolerances on part fixturing and alignment are described. The paper was presented at an ASTME seminar on precision measurement of cylindrical-surface elements. (R.E.U.) 45187 (SC-TM-64-981) WIND TUNNEL FORCE TESTS OF THE STRYPI II TEST VEHICLE AT MACH 5 AND 7.5. Program VI-7. Roger N. Everett (Sandia Lab., Albuquerque, N. Mex.). Sept. 1964. Contract [AT(29-1)789). 43p.

A 0.0645-scale model of the STRYPI II test vehicle was tested in the Sandia 18-inch hypersonic wind tunnel to determine drag and stability data. The model was tested with and without boosters at roll angles of 0, 45, and 90 degrees through an angle-of-attack range of +6 degrees at Mach 5 and 7.5. Normal force, axial force, and pitching moment coefficients as well as starting load data are presented. All configurations tested were statically stable. (auth) 45188 (SC-TM-64-987) IMPACT SHOCK ON A BLUNT-NOSED MISSILE STRIKING WATER WITH ITS AXIS NORMAL TO THE WATER SURFACE. Dallas D. Laumbach (Sandia Corp., Albuquerque, N. Mex.). Sept. 1964. Contract [AT(29-1)-789). 22p.

Impact shock equations are derived for normal impact on smooth surface water. Using an equation of state for water, pressures are determined for supersonic and subsonic impact velocities. Duration times of impact pressures are also determined. (auth)

Page 14

sonic tunnel at Mach numbers up to 7.6. These wind tunnel data correlate fairly well with the telemetered static stability data from two Nike-Tomahawk flight tests. (auth) 45180 (SC-DC-64-1453) ELASTIC CONSTANTS OF PLASTIC CRYSTALS. Final Report. John R. Green (New Mexico. Univ., Albuquerque). July 20, 1964. Contract AT(29-1)-789. 25p.

Progress is summarized on the following topics in the research program: crystal growth, dielectric studies of the phase transformation of cyclohexanol, density measurement, propagation of ultrasound in a cubic solid, and ultrasonic studies of camphene and cyclohexanol. (D.L.C.) 45181 (SC-DC-3550) SUGGESTED DESIGN CRITERIA FOR STANDARDS LABORATORIES. H. H. Baxter, Jr. (Sandia Corp., Albuquerque, N. Mex.). (Nov. 1963). Contract AT(29-1)-789. 37p.

A discussion is presented of what the ever-increasing demand for accuracy requires in standards-laboratory planning and design The location, room arrangements and dimensions, structural shell, entrances and windows, utilities, and environments are treated. Clean rooms are also discussed. (D.L.C.) 45182 (SC-R-64-145A) BASIC DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR LAMINAR AIR FLOW DUST CONTROL DEVICES. W. J. Whitfield, J. C. Mashburn, W. E. Neitzel, and L. C. Trujillo (Sandia Corp., Albuquerque, N. Mex.). May 1964. Revised Aug. 1964. Contract AT(29-1)-789. 23p. (CONF-735-1)

From National Meeting of the American Association for Contamination Control, Los Angeles, May 1964.

Laminar air flow principles and basic design requirements are given for laminar air flow clean rooms, clean benches, and laminar flow hoods. Also discussed are: final filter mounting requirements, plenum design, location of clean room lighting, clean room construction materials, air ducts, air distribution, clean room floors, and noise control design considerations. (auth) 45183 (SC-R-64-175) THE UNIQUE ROLE OF NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING IN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS. D. W. Ballard (Sandia Corp., Albuquerque, N. Mex.). July 1964. Contract AT (29-1)-789. 14p. (CONF-738-1)

From the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Design Engineering Conference and Show, Chicago, May 1964.

While the use of nondestructive test methods such as radiography and ultrasonics has shown a tremendous increase on the production line, the designer has often failed to capitalize on the unique benefits of these tools during development programs. The importance of the designer reviewing his nondestructive test programs in the light of more demanding requirements for nuclear and aerospace componentry is pointed out. Close teamwork is urged between the designer and test engineer in the planning and execution of a comprehensive nondestructive testing program. Benefits resulting from this cooperation include a better correlation of design and production test data, more information from destructive tests, fewer expensive destructive tests during development, a source of unique test data hitherto unavailable to the designer, and a more definitive product design. Examples are given of each of these benefits without explaining in detail the specific nondestructive test methods involved. Consequently, the discussion is directed towards designers with some background in available testing techniques, but

not necessarily expert in any of the recognized nondestructive test methods. (auth) 45184 (SC-R-64-176) CONSIDER THE ACCEPTANCE METHOD WHEN REVIEWING THE DESIGN. E. S. Roth (Sandia Corp., Albuquerque, N. Mex.). June 1964. Contract [AT(29-1)-789). 14p. (CONF-454-2)

From Western Region Quality Control Conference, Portland, Ore., Apr. 1964.

A single part is usually defined using many different dimensioning and tolerancing methods. This practice puts the inspection process designer on the spot since he should use all of the different inspection methods (surface plate inspection, “go” and “not-go" gages, functional receiver gages, optical chart gages) demanded by the drawing. The inspection process can be optimized if it becomes a design consideration. (auth) 45185 (SC-R-64-1319) MINIMIZING POSSIBLE SEPARATION BETWEEN ENCAPSULATION MATERIALS AND INTEGRAL PLASTIC HOUSINGS. R. M. Curlee (Sandia Corp., Albuquerque, N. Mex.). Aug. 1964. Contract AT(29-1)-789. 16p. (CONF-741-1)

From Western Electric Company, 1964 Casting Resin Conference, Indianapolis Works, Apr. 1964.

Results are described of tests performed to determine the significant variables influencing the separation of encapsulation materials from molded plastic housings. The effects of housing design and material, housing preparation, the type of encapsulant, and various processing techniques were investigated in order to solve a production problem and to provide design information for future electronic packages. (auth) 45186 (SC-R-747) OPTICAL INSPECTION OF CONSTANT FORM ELEMENTS. E. S. Roth (Sandia Corp., Albuquerque, N. Mex.). Jan. 1964. Contract AT(20-1)-789. 7p.

Principles of chart gage design using positional and form tolerances are discussed. The effects of RFS and MMC specification to part datum-axes and tolerances on part fixturing and alignment are described. The paper was presented at an ASTME seminar on precision measurement of cylindrical-surface elements. (R.E.U.) 45187 (SC-TM-64-981) WIND TUNNEL FORCE TESTS OF THE STRYPI II TEST VEHICLE AT MACH 5 AND 7.5. Program VI-7. Roger N. Everett (Sandia Lab., Albuquerque, N. Mex.). Sept. 1964. Contract [AT(29-1)789). 43p.

A 0.0645-scale model of the STRYPI II test vehicle was tested in the Sandia 18-inch hypersonic wind tunnel to determine drag and stability data. The model was tested with and without boosters at roll angles of 0, 45, and 90 degrees through an angle-of-attack range of +6 degrees at Mach 5 and 7.5. Normal force, axial force, and pitching moment coefficients as well as starting load data are presented. All configurations tested were statically stable. (auth) 45188 (SC-TM-64-987) IMPACT SHOCK ON A BLUNT-NOSED MISSILE STRIKING WATER WITH ITS AXIS NORMAL TO THE WATER SURFACE. Dallas D. Laumbach (Sandia Corp., Albuquerque, N. Mex.). Sept. 1964. Contract [AT(29-1)-789). 22p.

Impact shock equations are derived for normal impact on smooth surface water. Using an equation of state for water, pressures are determined for supersonic and subsonic impact velocities. Duration times of impact pressures are also determined. (auth)

Page 15

Communication concerning the editorial policy and content of NSA should be addressed to the Managing Editor, Nuclear Science Abstracts, AEC Division of Technical Information Extension, P. O. Box 62, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831.

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Page 16

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Page 17

33220 LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTING. Walter E. Kisieleski (Argonne National Lab., Ill.). Biochim. Appl., 11: 1-7 (Jan.-Feb. 1964).

Some methods for operation and application of liquid scintillation counting for low-energy beta-emitting radioisotopes for biological and medical research are discussed. (L.B.S.)

poses. Pilot studies were also carried out in which windows were inserted into the tibia and femur of the rabbit to permit continuous observation on the course of regeneration with a direct vital microscopic technique. The course of regeneration in the experimental and clinical series corresponded both structurally and as regards the time factor. (TCO) 33217 THE CHROMOSOMAL DISEASES AND THE GLOBAL DISEASES, Tage Kemp (Univ. Inst, for Human Genetics, Copenhagen). Acta Genet. Statist. Med., 11: 196-204(1961).

On the basis of the experience gained and the observations made within recent years, two new groups or concepts of diseases are proposed: the chromosomal diseases and the global diseases. The chromosomal diseases are determined by deviations from the normal in the chromosomal conditions, demonstrable only by microscopy. During cell division the nucleus of the cell is split into a certain number of chromosomes. The number is constant within each species, but varies from one species to another, thus contributing towards characterizing the species. Accordingly, the concept of chromosomal diseases is not identical with that of hereditary diseases, the latter being far more comprehensive. The chromosomal diseases have certain features in common. Many of these patients have intelligence defects, or may even be characterized as proper mental defectives. Further, such patients often present physical deformities. Patients suffering from the chromosomal diseases often present abnormal development of their sexual character. The global diseases are such as may develop in consequence of the falling of radioactive substances produced by explosions, most often so far test explosion of atomic bombs and nuclear weapons. The radioactive fall-out descends on the globe from the stratosphere or even more distant spheres. It spreads over different parts of the globe. That is why the diseases have been called global. (auth) 33218 QUANTUM CONVERSION IN CHLOROPLASTS. Melvin Calvin (Univ. of California, Berkeley). Advan. Catalysis, 14: 1-34(1963).

A review is presented on a catalytic system for converting electromagnetic energy into chemical energy. The system itself, to a first approximation, remains unchanged and, therefore, fulfills the definition of a catalyst. Energy sources for photosynthesis, photochemistry of chlorophyll, photophysical effects in model systems, charge separation processes, relation to the photosynthetic apparatus, and quantum conversion in biological material are discussed. 74 references are included. (P.C.H.) 33219 PRIMARY RECONSTRUCTION OF CERVICAL ESOPHAGUS: USE OF THE FREE TRACHEAL GRAFT. Richard T. Farrior. Arch. Otolaryngol., 79: 258-68(Mar. 1964).

Development of a radiation-induced lesion over a period of 27 yr is described in a patient treated with x rays for cancer of the larynx. This case exemplifies the continuous, progressive changes following X-ray therapy, including the progressive fibrosis, increasing avascular fibrosis, and vascular occlusion. This case also exemplifies severe radiation dermatitis with atrophy of the skin to the point of ulceration and breakdown, telangiectasis in the skin, and apparent premalignant criteria. In the tissue reaction, radiation fibroblasts could be identified. Repair of radioinduced lesions was effected by the use of a free tracheal composite graft. Despite some contracture requiring dilatation, the patient was repaired in a single stage procedure. (TCO)

33221 EVALUATION OF AN IMAGE INTENSIFIER SYSTEM FOR MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS. Geo. T. Reynolds (Princeton Univ., N. J.). IEEE (Inst. Elec. Electron. Engrs.), Trans. Nucl. Sci., NS-11: No. 3, 14751(June 1964).

Several image intensifiers were evaluated as possible aids in increasing the speed and/or sensitivity of low lightlevel microscopic observations, especially with polarized light. The maximum overall gain for microscopy, including light losses involved in photographing the phosphor screen output was 104 obtained with a TSE tube with a measured quantum gain of 9 x 105. Since the resolution at the phosphor screen is somewhat greater than 20 line pairs/mm, it is in principle possible to resolve distances of the order of 0.5 p in the microscopic field at a microscope magnification of 100 X. Contrast provided by a bright object in a dark field is faithfully represented by the tube except for thermal and signal-generated background noise. However, the contrast of dark objects in a bright background tends to be spoiled by signal-generated noise from the brighter background. Experience gained to date indicates that as applied to microscopy, the image intensifier is most useful in recording events producing, transmitting or scattering limited numbers of photons and with low ambient light, such as bioluminescence of single cells and subcellular particles, high extinction polarization and interference microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. It should also be useful for reducing the total light energy to which the specimen must be exposed. The image intensifier was applied to microscopic observations of bioluminescence in Noctiluca miliaris. The luminescence appears to come from the surface of the cell, and structural sources of the order of 1-2 u were followed with an oil immersion objective in successive bioluminescent flashes induced at 20 second intervals. The image intensifier was also applied to the photographic recording of weak radioactive sources. (auth)

33222 BIOLOGIC PROPERTIES OF POLYNUC LEOTIDES. 1. THE ANTICOMPLEMENTARY ACTIVITY OF POLYNUCLEOTIDES. S. Yachnin. J. Clin. Invest., 42: 1947-? (1963). (ACRH-21(p.144-57))

During the course of studies on the potential antigenicity of homoribopolynucleotides in experimental animals, it was noted that polyinosinic acid (poly I) exhibited strong anticomplementary (Anti-C') activity. This phenomenon is described in detail, and the quantitative as well as qualitative aspects of the poly I-complement (C') interaction are discussed. Evidence is presented that will define some of the structural requirements necessary for the endowment of ribopolynucleotides in general with Anti-C' properties. (C.H.)

33223 BONE MARROW ASPIRATION IN MICE. S. Vlahovic and J. W. Ferrebee (Mary Imogene Bassett Hospital, Cooperstown, N. Y.). Transplantation, 2: 545-7 (July 1964).

Bone marrow aspirated from the femur of mice was used to restore marrow function in the same mice after exposure to lethal doses of x radiation. The aspiration technique is described. (C.H.)

theory of diamagnetism, measurement methods of magnetic susceptibility, and results of magnetic susceptibility on biological metalporphyrins and other biological substances. (J.S.R.)

33224 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PERCUTANEOUS ABSORPTION. S. Rothman. Triangle. Sandoz. J. Med. Sci., 6: No. 5, 1964. (ACRH-21(p.38-44))

)) Percutaneous absorption denotes the passage of substances from the outside through the entire thickness of the skin and into the circulation. The histological features of human skin are described with emphasis on the barrier membrane. Percutaneous absorption by the transepidermal and the transfollicular routes is described, and the clinical significance of percutaneous absorption is discussed. (C.H.)

33225 TUBERCULOSIS IN HIROSHIMA. R. W. Turner and D. R. Hollingsworth (Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission, Hiroshima). Yale J. Biol. Med., 36: 165-82(1963).

The prevalence of TB was determined in the Adult Health Study of the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission in Hiroshima. In the 1958 to 1960 sample 16.8% of the men and 10.5% of the women were found to have TB on a retrospective review of the chest films and clinical records. Radiation exposure was not related to prevalence or radiologic extent of disease. Although it is quite possible that an increase in TB might have been present in the irradiated survivors of the immediate post-bomb period, no such trends are noted in the follow-up of the present survivors. Other factors investigated in this study included the prevalence of pleurisy, extra-pulmonary TB, and diabetes. Bacteriologic studies, chemotherapy, and occupational correlations were discussed briefly. (Excerpta Med., Sect. XXIII, 1: No. 6 (June 1964))

33228 BASES PHYSIQUES DE LA RADIOTHERAPIE ET DE LA RADIOBIOLOGIE. (Physical Basis of Radiotherapy and Radiobiology). Maurice Tubiana, Jean Dutreix, Andrée Dutreix, and Pierre Jockey. Paris, Masson et Cie, 1963. 820p. 140 F.

A review of the basic physical concepts of matter, energy, and radiations serves as an introduction to the subject of radiation dosimetry and the mode of action of radiation on living organisms. The book, addressed to radiobiologists and radiotherapists, is divided into four sections. The interactions between radiation and matter is the subject of the first section with a discussion of elementary electron interactions, photon interactions, interactions of other radiations, energy absorption by the medium, general laws of the photon beam, and secondary electrons. The second part concerns theoretical dosimetry and discusses units, measurement apparatus, and generators. Clinical dosimetry is considered in the third section. The particular subjects are the practical study of the beam, dose distribution in a medium irradiated by a beam, dose in the organism, and dosimetry of radioelements. In the fourth section, the chain of events from the elementary physical interactions to the ultimate medical and biological consequences is traced. The problems of protection are dealt with under the double aspects of the risks encountered by the irradiated organism and the precautions necessary. (J.S.R.)

33226 ISOTOPIC MEASUREMENTS ON THE LIFECYCLE OF TISSUE CELLS. G. Hevesy (Univ. of Stockholm). p.34-44 of "Isotopic and Cosmic Chemistry.” Amsterdam, North-Holland Publishing Company, 1964.

The life cycle of nondividing tissue cells can be determined by labeling the desoxyribonucleic acid of the cells in utero and measuring the rate of disappearance of the radioactive label with time. An alternative method is the measurement of the rate of incorporation of a radioactive label into the desoxyribonucleic acid of the cells to be investigated. The effect of different agents administered on the life cycle of cells and the connection between life cycle and detoxication going on in the organism are discussed. The diurnal variation of the life cycle of tissue cells and the agents responsible for these variations are discussed. (auth)

33229 INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY. VOLUME 2. G. W. Richter and M. A. Epstein, eds. New York, Academic Press, 1963. 455p. $16.00.

Important problems of experimental pathology are reviewed. Papers are presented on: the nucleic acids of viruses as revealed by their reactions with fluorochrome acridine orange; cytochemical aspects of experimental leukemia; a lymphoma syndrome in tropical Africa; the use of statistics in the etiological study of malignant neoplasms; biological effects of ionizing radiations; microscopic morphology of injured living tissue; cellular recognition of foreign matter; and melanin granules-their fine structure, formation, and degradation in normal and pathologic tissues. A separate abstract was prepared for the biological effects of ionizing radiation. (H.M.G.)

For abstract of individual paper see: 33397.

33227 ELEKTRONENSPINRESONANZ IN DER BIOLOGIE. (Electron Spin Resonance in Biology). G. Schoffa. Karlsruhe, Ger., Verlag G. Braun, 1964. 364p. DM 68.-.

The results of studies on electron spin resonance and magnetic susceptibility in the area of biology are compiled in book form for the first time. Part I deals with the theory of ESR, ESR and chemical bonding in metal complexes, measurement methods and problems, causes of ESR signals in plant and animal substances, biological metal complexes, ESR in biological ferment systems, melanine, radicals produced by oxygen effects, ESR in photosynthesis, ESR of biological systems after uv, y, and x irradiation, abnormal resonance effects in nucleic acids, yeasts, and bacteriophages, effects of external influences on radioinduced free radicals, ESR studies on radiation protection, free radicals and carcinogenesis, and ESR of the triplet state. In Part II, on the static magnetic susceptibility in biology, the topics discussed are behavior of matter in magnetic fields, magnetic permeability, susceptibility, and moment, theory of paramagnetism, energy levels and magnetic susceptibility of ions of the iron group, paramagnetism of complexes,

33230 RADIOEKOLOGIYA MORSKIKH ORGANIZMOV. NAKOPLE NIE, BIOLOGICHESKOE DEISTVIE RADIOAKTIVNYKH VESHCHESTV. (Radioecology of Marine Organisms. Accumulation and Biological Effects of Radioactive Materials). G. G. Polikarpov. Moscow, Atomizdat, 1964. 295p.

Data are given on the accumulation of radioactive isotopes (from eight chemical groups) in marine ecology. The uptake of fission-product isotopes by algae and aquatic organisms was evaluated, and the radioresistance of hydrobiota was estimated. An extensive list of references is included. (R.V.J.)

Metabolism, Tissue Distribution, and Toxicology

Univ., Berkeley. Donner Lab.). May 29, 1964. Contract W-7405-eng-48. 185p.

A photographic-photometric method for cytophotometry is described. The method was applied to the study of single-cell amounts of hemoglobin and Feulgen-stained DNA in rat erythrocyte precursors and erythrocytes. The data so obtained allow plotting a novel cytophotometric hemogram. Comparison of the hemograms, and other experimental parameters, for normal and severely bled rats suggests that the stimulus of severe bleeding causes the premature release from the marrow of erythrocyte precursors. This finding is discussed in context with recent findings and models of erythropoietic development reported in the literature of experimental hematology. (156 references.) (auth)

33235 (AEC-tr-6448) ON THE CONTAMINATION OF VEGETATION BY STRONTIUM-90 AND CESIUM-137 IN 1961. V. P. Shvedov, S. P. Rosyanov, and Z. G. Gritchenko. Translated from a Russian Report, State Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, SSSR, Moscow, 1963. Sp.

The strontium-90 and cesium-137 contents in mixedgrass vegetation were determined. It was shown that the accumulation coefficients for strontium-90 and cesium-137 by the aboveground portions of the plants are greater than 1, which indicates an ability of the plants to participate in processes of purification or the ground layer of air. (auth)

33231 (NIRS-2(p.49-56)) MEDICAL STUDIES. (Japan. National Inst. of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo).

Experiments on edema using the disappearance of Na1311 and 1311-labeled human albumin, chromosome aberration of irradiated persons, the enolase activity of human leukocytes in healthy subjects and leukemia patients, the use of 57Co-labeled EDTA to increase scanning resolution and reduce radiation dose delivered to the kidney, the mode of erythropoietin action, and removal of 85Sr deposited in the bone using parathyroid hormone are reported. (H.M.G.) 33232 (NYO-910-3) RADIATION STUDIES: METABOLIC STUDIES WITH CALCIUM-47 AND OTHER RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES. Progress Report, May 1, 1963May 1, 1964. John S. Laughlin (Sloan-Kettering Inst, for Cancer Research, New York). July 1, 1964. Contract AT(30-1)-910. 22p.

A high-energy x-ray scanner was used for whole-body scanning to measure the total-body retention of tracer doses of 47ca, 85gr, 1311, and 59Fe and for liver scanning of patients injected with 1311-rose bengal. Mathematical analyses of the data were carried out, and results were compared with those obtained in carefully controlled excreta analyses. Liver scans were found to be diagnostically helpful and accurate in delineating liver abnormalities. Whole-body scanning was also used in conjunction with injected tracer doses of 855r to study the effects of electron beam irradiation on bone metabolism in dogs and the localization of 1311-labeled antibody in human tumors. A computer program was written and used in a number of test cases to predict the response patterns and sensitivity of Nal scintillation detectors. A digital data display system was designed to simultaneously record on punched paper tape data from 4 6-decade scalers as well as data regarding the distance and direction of movement of the scanner heads during the time the data accumulated. Design data and circuit diagrams are appended. A list is included of publications during the period covered by this report. (C.H.) 33233 (NYO-910-9) RADIATION STUDIES: STUDIES OF THE KINETIC STATE OF CALCIUM IN BONE LESIONS, USING CALCIUM-47 AND STRONTIUM-85. Progress Report, June 1, 1963-May 30, 1964. W. P. Laird Myers (Sloan-Kettering Inst. for Cancer Research, New York). July 1, 1964. Contract AT(30-1)-910. 9p.

The distribution and kinetics of tracer doses of 47Ca and 855r were followed by means of total-body y scanning in 33 patients with cancer metastatic to bone, or who were suspected of having such metastases. Metastatic lesions were revealed in the absence of x-ray evidence. The method was also used to study the effect of radiation treatment on the retention of 4?Ca and 85Sr by bone lesions. Kinetic studies with 47Ca conducted simultaneously with analyses of blood and urine for content of injected tetracycline indicated that the tetracycline tolerance test may become a useful method for studying bone disease. (C.H.) 33234 (UCRL-11459) A VARIANT CYTOPHOTOMETRIC TECHNIQUE AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE STUDY OF ERYTHROPOIESIS THROUGH MEASUREMENT OF TOTAL DNA AND HEMOGLOBIN IN SINGLE ERYTHROID CELLS (thesis). Lawrence Richards Adams (California. Univ., Berkeley. Lawrence Radiation Lab. and California.

33236 (ANL-Trans-54) THE METABOLISM OF LIPIDIC PEROXIDES. II. ACTION OF LIPIDIC PEROXIDES ON PROTEIN THIOL GROUPS. P. Dubouloz and J. Fondarai. Translated by Rita R. Inston (Argonne National Lab., Ill.), from Bull. Soc. Chim. Biol., 35: 819-26 (1953). 13p.

The effects of lipidic peroxides on protein thiol groups were studied in lyophilized egg ovalbumin. The destruction of SH groups by peroxides was demonstrated. Reaction mechanisms involved are discussed. (C.H.)

33237 PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON NITROGEN-FIXING BLUE-GREEN ALGAE. II. THE ROLE OF CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, COBALT, AND MOLYBDENUM IN THE NITROGEN FIXATION OF NOSTOC COMMUNE. Ezz Eldin M. Taha and Ard El Monem H. Elrefai (National Research Center, Cairo). Arch. Mikrobiol., 43: 67-75(1962).

While Ca showed a marked stimulatory action on both growth and nitrogen fixation processes in Nostoc commune, Sr in equivalent amounts proved to have a strong inhibitory action on both processes. Thus, Ca was found to be irreplaceable by divalent ions as represented by Sr. Cobalt and Mo (in traces) were also found to be required to support best growth and optimal nitrogen fixation. Amounts as low as 4 x 10-5 mg/1 Co and 4 x 10-3 mg/1 Mo were found to be required for the achievement of best growth and highest nitrogen fixation. Algal yields and nitrogen fixed at this optimal Co level were more than that of the control to which no Co was added by about 58%. With Mo the increase in algal yield and nitrogen fixed accompanying the addition of the optimal level of Mo was 51.5% of that of the control. (BBB) 33238 THE KINETICS OF 42K DISTRIBUTION AFTER INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION IN HUMAN SUBJECTS WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE KIDNEY. Arthur G. Goldman, A. Aaron Yalow, and Jacob Grossman (Montefiore Hospital, New York). Clin. Sci., 24: 287-99 (Apr. 1963).

In nine patients injected intravenously with 100 to 150 uc

de France, Paris). J. Biol. Chem., 238: 4085-? (1963). (ACRH-21(p.1-9))

A cell culture method is described that was developed for use as an in vitro system for use in studies of the effects of erythropoietin on heme synthesis by bone marrow cells. Results are reported from studies using tracer. The advantages of the system in chemical studies of cell differentiation are discussed. (C.H.) 33243

ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF RIBONUCLEIC ACID. I. PREPARATION OF RNA POLYMERASE FROM EXTRACTS OF M. LYSODEIKTICUS. T. Nakamoto (Rockefeller Institute, New York); C. F. Fox, and S. B. Weiss. J. Biol. Chem., 239: 167-? (1964). (ACRH-21(p.72-86))

Methods are described for the preparation and purification of RNA polymerase from M. lysodeikticus. (C.H.)

of high specific activity 42KC1; the kinetics of the 42K distribution was studied from analyses of urinary, arterial, and venous plasma specific activity and arterial plasma 42K concentration for periods up to four hr after injection. The time course of isotope concentration in arterial plasma appeared to be unrelated to plasma 38K levels. It is presumably dependent on the rate of transfer of 42K from highactivity visceral depots, established during the phase of initial 4K deposition, into the ultimate muscle depots. The forearm arteriovenous difference of 42K specific activity correlated with the concurrently observed forearm arteriovenous oxygen difference, and appeared to be related to the cellularity of the tissues drained by the venous sampling site. Urinary specific activity was consistently lower on high K intake than at comparable times during K depletion, reflecting the more rapid washout of the renal depot of 42K by the higher potassium flow during repletion. For several minutes after injection of 4K, the urinary specific activity was more than double that expected on the basis of current concepts of 42K distribution and renal K content. This finding indicates inhomogeneous mixing of 42K with renal 38K during its passage from arterial plasma into urine. Possible explanations of the inhomogeneity are discussed. (TCO) 33239 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION OF CULTURES, ESPECIALLY BY IRRIGATION WATER. Francis Perrin. Compt. Rend. Acad. Agr. France, 49: 611-20([1963]). (In French)

The relation between the rate of contamination of the natural milieu and that of plants was defined in order to determine if the rate of soil contamination would remain slow so that the threshold of toxicity would never be reached in foodstuffs. 90Sr or 137Cs was applied in solution in relatively high doses to soils of various types, and the fraction of radioactivity of each element in different cultivated plants was determined. Ratios were determined for the radioelement in 1 kg of harvested food/radioelement in 1 må of soil and for the radioelement in 1 kg of harvested food/radioelement in 1 liter of irrigation water. The results obtained for grapes, fescue, and vegetables were tabulated and discussed. They indicate that the maximum permissible concentration should be higher for irrigation water than for drinking water. (J.S.R.) 33240 DISTRIBUTION AND SOLUBILITY OF STRONTIUM-90 IN BONES OF ANIMALS. H. Seidler. Ernaehrungsforschung, 8: 417-22(1963). (In German)

The distribution and solubility of 90sr in cattle, swine, and sheep bones are reported. Variations between species and types of bones were found contrary to data reported in the literature. In the investigation of the solubility of the ''Sr absorbed from the bones, it was established that considerable 90 Sr activity was extractable with water. (tr-auth) 33241

INFLUENCE OF CALCIUM, POTASSIUM, AND SODIUM COMPOUNDS ON THE ACCUMULATION OF STRONTIUM-90 IN CROPS. E. V. Yudintseva. Izv. Timiryazev. Sel'shokhoz. Akad., No. 5, 106-20(1963). (In Russian)

Introduction of carbonate, sulfate, phosphate, and calcium hydroxide into acid soil reduced the concentration of 90gr in barley and pea crops. In weakly acid soils, ''Sr uptake was not changed. Potassium and sodium compounds reduced 90Sr concentrations in crops in both acid and weakly acid soils. They also reduced uptake of 9°Sr from aqueous solutions. (R.V.J.) 33242 THE EFFECT OF ERYTHROPOIETIN UPON HEME SYNTHESIS BY MARROW CELLS IN VITRO. S. B. Krantz, O. Gallien-Lartigue, and E. Goldwasser (Collège

33244 ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF RIBONUCLEIC ACID. II. PROPERTIES OF THE DNA PRIMED REACTION WITH M. LYSODE IKTICUS RNA POLYMERASE. C. F. Fox and S. B. Weiss. J. Biol. Chem., 239: 174-? (1964). (ACRH-21(p. 87-110))

M. lysodeikticus RNA polymerase was shown to catalyze at least two separate DNA-dependent reactions. One reaction resulted in the synthesis of complementary RNA and the other gave rise to an RNA homopolymer, Reaction mechanisms involved are discussed. (C.H.) 33245 ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF RIBONUCLEIC ACID. III. THE RNA PRIMED SYNTHESIS OF RNA WITH M. LYSODEIKTICUS RNA POLYMERASE. C. F. Fox, W. S. Robinson, R. Haselkorn, and S. B. Weiss. J. Biol. Chem., 239: 186-? (1964). (ACRH-21(p.111-31))

Properties of the RNA-directed reaction catalyzed by partially purified preparations of RNA polymerase are described. Evidence is presented that suggests the involvement of only one enzyme. (C.H.) 33246 THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF 5-RIBOSYLURACIL-5'MONOPHOSPHATE IN TETRAHYMENA PYRIFORMIS. R. L. Heinrikson and E. Goldwasser (Rockefeller Institute, New York). J. Biol. Chem., 239: 1177-? (1964). (ACRH21(p.49-71))

In preliminary experiments it was observed that extracts from the pyrimidine requiring protozoan, Tetrahymena pyriformis, catalyzed the conversion of uracil and 5phosphoribosylpyrophosphate to both uridine monophosphate and 5-ribosyluracil-5'- monophosphate. The separation and partial purification of the enzymes responsible for UMP and y-UMP biosynthesis in this organism are described. It was shown that whereas UMP synthesis proceeds via the conventional pyrophosphorylase pathway, V-UMP is formed directly from uracil and ribose-5-phosphate by way of an entirely distinct mechanism involving a new enzyme which has been tentatively called V-UMP-synthetase. This latter finding constitutes the first clearly defined description of the enzymatic formation of the carbon-carbon ribosyl linkage of y-uridine and its derivatives. (C.H.) 33247 STUDIES ON THE INTERACTION BETWEEN BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN AND NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC POLYRIBONUCLEOTIDES. III. IMMUNOLOGIC STUDIES ON HEATED MIXTURES OF POLYRIBONUCLEOTIDES AND BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN. S. Yachnin. J. Immunol., 91: 528-? (1963). (ACRH-21(p.132-43))

Studies on the interaction between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and natural and synthetic polyribonucleotides indicate that antibodies formed to heated mixtures show no specificity for polynucleotide moiety. However, antigenic differences were detected between simple heat denatured BSA and BSA denatured in the presence of polynucleotide. (C.H.) they weighed on the average 15% less than controls at the end of the experiment (67 days) although their food intake was identical. They had drunk 20% more D2O and water than the controls had drunk water. Their response to operation was more marked than that of the controls in terms of urinary excretion of N, Na, and K. Spermatogenesis was depressed in the deuterated rats. It is concluded that the deleterious effects of D20 on wound healing are due mainly or entirely to the solvation effects of the D20 on developing collagen, that direct incorporation of D into the collagen macromolecule plays little part, and that nutritional and endocrinologic factors are also of minor importance. (BBB) 33251 CAPACITY OF 1131 TO CONCENTRATE IN THE SKIN OF ANIMALS OF DIFFERENT SPECIES. Gyorgy Pethes. Orszagos Atomenergia Bizottsag Izotop Alkalm. Szakbizottsaganak Kladv, 3: No. 3, 71-6(1962).

Experiments were carried out on 14 frogs, 9 one-dayold chicks, 7 mice, 43 albino rats, 6 guinea pigs, 7 cats, 12 newly-born puppies, 1 colt, and 17 hybrid gray and white rats. The animals were administered 1311 intramuscularly and intraperitoneally. The experiments continued for periods of four to six hours. The animals were then bled and the content of 1311 in the skin, renal organs, liver, muscles, and plasma was determined. The capacity of 1311 to concentrate in the skin of the gray and white rats as well as in the hybrids of the gray and white rats was established in contradistinction to the other animals (the concentration was somewhat lower in the hybrids). (Referativnyy Zhurnal, Biologicheskaya Khimiya, No. 5, 1964)

33248 THE ACCUMULATION OF RADIONUCLIDES BY THE THORNBACK RAY, RAIA CLAVATA L., IN THE IRISH SEA. John Mauchline and Angela M. Taylor (United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Windscale, Cumb., Eng.). Limnol. Oceanog., 9: 303-9(July 1964).

A study of the levels of radionuclides accumulated by the thornback ray, Raia clavata, a nonmigratory species, was made in the Irish Sea, where these fish have lived most of their lives in an environment contaminated with the fission products 106Ru, 144 Ce, 137Cs, and 'Sr. The relative impor

' tance of the different radionuclides as contaminants of fish tissues and the importance of determining whether a steady-state system exists in a marine area receiving radioactive wastes are discussed. (auth) 33249 FURTHER STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF EDTA GIVEN ORALLY ON THE ABSORPTION AND EXCRETION OF LEAD. Dariusz Brykalski and Wanda Bolanowska. Med. Pracy, 15: 133-8(1964). (In Polish)

The effect of EDTA given orally upon the absorption and excretion of lead administered in the same way was studied in rats after administration of 300 ug of Pb2+ labeled with 21° Pb. To the animals of the experimental group (8 rats) the water versenate solution was given as drink in five portions of 5 mg each during 2 days. No versenate was administered to animals of the control group. The rats were kept in specially built cages, where excreta and urine could be collected separately. Forty-eight hr after the lead was administered the animals were killed and the 210Pb content was determined in the alimentary tract, in the body, and in urine. The total body retention was generally similar in both groups. EDTA increased the absorption of lead from the alimentary tract, but this increased absorption was compensated with a relatively high excretion, and the total-body retention was not raised. (C.H.) 33250 EFFECT OF DEUTERIUM OXIDE ON WOUND HEALING, COLLAGEN, AND METABOLISM OF RATS. Hyman Rosen (Georgetown Univ., Washington, D. C.), Erving F, Geever, Costan W. Berard, and Stanley M. Levenson. New Engl. J. Med., 270: 1142-8(May 28, 1964).

A Walter Reed strain of male weanling rats was given 16 g of a semi-solid diet mixture daily during the control period then 12 g of food and 4 g of distilled water (for controls) or 25% D20. After these rats had been on the diet and water or D2O for 20 days, paravertebral skin incisions were made, and four polyvinyl sponges were implanted in the abdominal wall. Then they were killed on the 27th or 47th postoperative days. The rats allowed to drink 25% D20 achieved an eventual equilibrium body concentration of about 15%. The skin wounds healed abnormally as compared to rats given water. Wounds excised both at 27 and 47 days after infliction showed that breaking strengths in the deuterated rats were about 40% less than those in controls. Formalin fixation of the tissues corrected this deficiency. Histologic examination of the wounds revealed focal porosity due to decreased number, caliber, and density of collagen fibers in deuterated rats as compared with controls. There were no apparent abnormalities in ground substance or cellular population of deuterated wounds. The implanted sponges of the deuterated rats were normal histologically and in their amounts of bound hydroxyproline, estimated chemically to assess collaged content. Tailtendon collagen of the deuterated rats dissolved in acetic acid was normal in fractionation, melting temperature, and optical rotation, indicating that the abnormalities induced by D2O depend on the entire fibrous structure and not on the collagen macromolecule alone. Although the deuterated rats showed no gross pathologic abnormalities at autopsy,

33252 METABOLISM OF RADIOACTIVE CERIUM ADMINISTERED BY THE INTRATRACHEAL ROUTE IN WHITE RATS. Tomas Trnovec, Milan Beno, Anna Pleskova, Eugen Hantabal, and Vlastimil Rusek (Inst. of Hygiene of Work and Occupational Diseases, Bratislava). Pracovni Lekar., 16: 197-202(1964).

The organ activity and excretion of 144 Ce was studied in young rats after intratracheal injection of carrier free 144CeCiz. The activity of the radioactive substance declined in the course of the 1st month with an approximate half life of two weeks; later excretion via the lungs was slower. The highest activity was found in the liver and the bones; the bones are more important for long term retention. The 144 Ce was excreted mainly in feces. (OTS) 33253 TRITIATED PRECURSORS FOR THE LABELLING OF CHROMOSOMES OF HUMAN LEUKEMIA CELLS. F. Gavosto, L. Pegoraro, and A. Pileri (Università, Turin). Rev. Franc. Etudes Clin. Biol., 8: 920-2(1963).

A new technique has been developed in order to investigate in vivo the DNA metabolism at chromosomal level in human leukemia cells. Tritiated thymidine is injected both intravenously and directly within the bone marrow. The rate of incorporation at the chromosome level of the precursor is evaluated by means of autoradiography, associated to the conventional method for the morphological analysis and classification of chromosomes. (Excerpta Med., Sect. XXIII, 1: No. 6 (June 1964)) 33254 THYROID UPTAKE AND WHOLE-BODY RETENTION OF 1311 IN BOX TURTLES. Everett D. Wilson, William D. Gibbs, and C. C. Lushbaugh (Oak Ridge Inst. of Nuclear Studies, Tenn.). Texas Rept. Biol. Med., 22: No. 1, 211-12 (Spring 1964).

A single dose of 5 uc 1311 was administered intraperitoneally to both adult and immature male and female turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina). Whole-body retention of 1311 was measured at intervals up to and including 35 days.

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After 35 days the animals were killed and selected tissues were removed, weighted, and assayed for 1311 content. The whole-body retention in adult turtles ranged between 10 and 86% of the administered dose after 35 days; 57% of the animals retained more than 50% of the dose. The thyroid gland contained an average of 76% of the amount retained. The immature animals retained 18 to 49% of the dose after 35 days. Of the amount retained, an average of 82.5% was in the thyroid. (BBB) 33255

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE RADIATION CONTAMINATION OF ANIMAL FOODS WITH EXTERNAL RADIATION CONTAMINATION OF EGGS. B. Petrovic, J. Gligorijevic, V. Jovancevic, and A. Zagorcic-Jankovic (Inst, for the Application of Nuclear Energy in Agricultural Veterinarian Medicine and Forestry, Zenun, Yugoslavia). Vet. Glasnik, 18: 331-6(1964).

When radioiodine was administered to laying hens, 5.6% was incorporated into the eggs, mostly in the yolk. Uptake by eggs dipped for 10 min to 48 hours into solution of radioiodine was studied. The shell was found to be uniformly radioactive regardless of prior washing; if exposure was over 1 hour, eggwhite and yolk were slightly contaminated also. (OTS)

33256 CONCERNING THE EFFECT OF THE ADRE- NOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH) AND CORTI- SONE ON THE PHOSPHATIDE CONTENT AND RAPIDITY OF PHOSPHATIDE METABOLISM IN THE TESTES OF ALBINO RATS UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS AND AFTER LOCAL X-RAY IRRADIATION. E. A. Pokrovskii and M. I. Petukhov. p.78-83 of “Novye Dannye po Biokhimii Polovykh Zhelez v Norme i pri Nekotorykh Patologicheskikh Sosto- yaniyakh (Luchevye Povrezhdeniya i Gipoksiya).” Kalinin, USSR, Knigoizdat, 1963.

Semi-mature male rats were daily administered three units of ACTH intramuscularly for a period of eight days or cortisone in doses of 12 milligrams (I) for a period of four days; one of the testes of the animals was then irradiated with doses of 600 R. Forty-eight hours after the irradiation 32P was subcutaneously administered to the animals. Two days after the irradiation the weight of the testes, their content of water, total phosphorus, and phospholipids (II), and the specific activity of the total phosphorus and (II) remained within the normal limits. The administration of (I) decreased the specific activity of the phosphorus, while the administration of ACTH increased the activity of (II) in the irradiated as well as the nonirradiated rats. (Referativnyy Zhurnal, Biologicheskaya Khimiya, No. 5, 1964) 33257 APPLICATIONS OF 018 TO BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES. Mildred Cohn (Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia). p.45-59 of “Isotopic and Cosmic Chemistry.” Amsterdam, North-Holland Publishing Company, 1964.

The unique properties of 180 which make it suitable as a tool for investigating biochemical reactions in vitro on the level of mechanism of enzyme action, and the special properties which limit the use of this isotope as a tracer in intact organisms, are discussed. The participation of the primary oxygen-containing compounds involved in the energy metabolism of most living organisms, namely molecular oxygen, water, and phosphate compounds has been investigated with 180 in purified systems isolated from living cells. These studies have revealed reactions such as the direct participation of molecular oxygen in hydroxylation and other oxidation reactions, the phosphate-water exchange reactions in oxidative phosphorylation and the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate, the energy-yielding

reaction associated with muscle contraction. The establishment of the site of cleavage of chemical bonds of oxygen with 180, e.g., in enzyme-catalyzed reactions of phosphate esters, has reinforced the concept of group transfer reactions catalyzed by enzymes and aided in specifying the functional role of various classes of enzymes. (auth) 33258 THE INFLUENCE OF NUCLEAR MASS ON BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS. D. Rittenberg (Columbia Univ., New York). p.60-70 of "Isotopic and Cosmic Chemistry." Amsterdam, North-Holland Publishing Company, 1964.

The discovery of deuterium and the subsequent concentration of the less abundant stable isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen have had a profound influence on the development of biochemistry. These isotopes have provided investigators with a procedure for labeling the naturally occurring organic constituents of the living cell and studying their transport and metabolism in the intact cell. Replacement of H2O by D20 or H2O18 leads to interference in the delicately synchronized net of chemical reactions in the cell. This leads to inhibition of growth and division. It is likely that these phenomena are connected with changes in the tertiary structure of the proteins and the nucleic acids. (auth) 33259 Sr/Ca RATIO OF SKELETAL ARAGONITES FROM THE RECENT MARINE BIOTA AT PALAU AND FROM FOSSIL GASTROPODS. Heinz A. Lowenstam (California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena). p.114-32 of “Isotopic and Cosmic Chemistry.” Amsterdam, NorthHolland Publishing Company, 1964.

The Sr/Ca ratios were determined from skeletal aragonites of the marine biota and sea water from Palau, South Pacific, where the temperature and Sr/Ca ratio of the waters are constant throughout the year. The Sr/Ca ratios of the aragonites from all groups of organisms except those of the higher Mollusca are similar or slightly higher than those in sea water. In samples from all phyla with high Sr/Ca ratios, the crystal chemistry is considered the primary control of the Sr/Ca ratios from their skeletal aragonites, whereas physiologic control by the organisms is considered as a second order effect. In agreement with data in the literature, the Sr/Ca ratios from the skeletal aragonites of the more advanced Mollusca were found to be low and indicate strong discrimination against Sr relative to Ca in the carbonate as compared to sea water, and this is related to physiologic control by the organisms. The measured Sr/Ca ratios from aragonitic shells of fossil gastropods from Cretaceous and Pennsylvanian deposits are shown to be higher the older the fossils. The increase in Sr/Ca ratios in the gastropod shells with increase in geologic age is toward the Sr/Ca ratio in present day sea water. It is suggested that this reflects biochemical evolutionary changes of increased discrimination by the gastropod against Sr relative to Ca from the late Paleozoic to the present. (auth)

33260

ESTIMATION OF THE BODY CONTENT FOLLOWING INHALATION OF INSOLUBLE PLUTONIUM. G. W. Dolphin (Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell, Berks, Eng.). Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, 1964, Preprint SM-52/11, 19p. (CONF-44810)

From IAEA Symposium of the Assessment of Radioactive Body Burdens in Man, Heidelberg, May 1964.

The problem of estimating the body content of plutonium following the inhalation of plutonium oxide is discussed. Biological data on 239 Pu deposition and excretion are reviewed from beagle dog experiments and from two human

cases. It is concluded that there is evidence for believing that the body content, following an accidental inhalation, can be estimated from the measurements of plutonium excreted in urine at times greater than about 300 days after the intake. Some possible excretion methods are discussed. The radiological protection aspects of insoluble plutonium in the lungs and bronchial lymph nodes are summarized. (C.H.) 33261 THE ASSESSMENT OF RADIOACTIVE BODY BURDENS OF THE ALKALINE EARTHS. E. Lloyd (Churchill Hospital, Oxford). Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, 1964. Preprint SM-52/19, 19p. (CONF448-14)

From IAEA Symposium of the Assessment of Radioactive Body Burdens in Man, Heidelberg, May 1964.

The difficulties in obtaining data on the metabolism of bone-seeking radioactive isotopes in man are reviewed with emphasis on problems involving the distribution of the isotope between different bones and the microscopic distribution within the same bone. It is pointed out that, if a full understanding of the metabolism in man is to be obtained, there is at present no alternative but to resort to the use of experimental animals. Results are reported from studies calcium and strontium metabolism of the rabbit, which is the smallest animal to have similar skeletal structure to that of human bone. Strontium-90 and 45Ca were used as tracer in research planned to include as many parameters as possible. These included specific activity measurements of plasma, urine, and faeces, total retention in the skeleton as well as individual bones and in some cases soft tissues. In addition the microscopic distribution of the isotope was studied by quantitative autoradiographic techniques at different time intervals. The results are discussed in the light of various models proposed for the retention of bone-seeking isotopes in mammals and the limitations of each of these models have been assessed, Measurements were made over sufficiently long time intervals compared with the life-span of the rabbit to enable predictions to be made about the long-term behaviour in man. The results indicate that none of the existing models is completely satisfactory but that a modification of the power function is the most useful. The importance of exchange, as well as resorption, for the removal of radioactive isotopes from the skeleton is well illustrated by the quantitative autoradiographic measurements. (C.H.)

human body on the assumption that any radium in the body is distributed uniformly throughout the skeleton. The error of measurement of the total radium content of the body was estimated to be about 0.005 ugm Ra. Twenty people were found to have more than 0.1 ugm Ra in their bodies, the largest measured amount being 0.6 ugm. A further sixty people had amounts in excess of 0.05 ugm but less than 0.1 ugm. These results are correlated with the length of employment and show that no person who commenced working after 1942 has an amount in excess of 0.05 ugm in his body. This date can be related to the introduction of government control over the use of radium in the luminizing industry. (auth) 33263 ASSESSMENT OF THE TOTAL BODY BURDEN OF CAESIUM-137 IN PEOPLE BY THE ANALYSIS OF BLOOD. N. Yamagata (Inst. of Public Health, Tokyo). Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, 1964, Preprint SM-52/3, 9p. (CONF-448-5)

From IAEA Symposium of the Assessment of Radioactive Body Burdens in Man, Heidelberg, May 1964.

Analysis of post-mortem samples for cesium-137 was carried on in Japan because whole-body counters are limited in number and not mobile, making the assessment of the population mean levels inconvenient. However, the collection of muscles from autopsies throughout the country is complicated and inconvenient in that a sample of instantaneous death should be chosen. Considering that only such data as are useful for the assessment of the mean levels of cesium-137 in people are required and it is unnecessary to know individual values, the composite samples of as many individuals as possible would be enough for the analysis. For this purpose, the whole-blood samples were considered as a best substitution for muscles, because the blood collection system covers the whole country, including 47 licensed blood banks and about 100 hospitals. Sampling inspection was made continuously of the citrated whole blood at the National Institute of Health, Tokyo, where about 500 ampoules were checked which represent more than three million donors throughout this country yearly. Less than half the blood in an ampoule was consumed for the inspection and the remaining half was stocked to make a composite for the determination of cesium-137 level. Blood ashes were analysed for the stable cesium content by a neutron activation method. The results afforded the relation between the concentration in the whole blood and the total body amount (1.4 mg for 70 kg man) and this relation would be identical to that for cesium-137 in an equilibrium condition. The results of blood analysis for cesium137 obtained since June 1963 were compared with those of muscle analysis made during the same period. A good agreement was observed and the blood analysis was found the best means for assessing the total-body burden of cesium-137 in a population. (auth) ---

33262 MEASUREMENTS OF RADIUM IN RADIUM LUMINIZERS. J. Vennart, G. Maycock, B. Godfrey, and B. Davies (Radiological Protection Service, Belmont, Surrey, Eng.). Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, 1964, Preprint SM-52/20, 14p. (CONF-448-15)

From IAEA Symposium of the Assessment of Radioactive Body Burdens in Man, Heidelberg, May 1964.

A group of about 500 people, mostly women, who had worked in the radium luminizing industry over a period of about 50 years was measured to assess radium in the body. Measurements were made of both the exhaled radon and that which was retained in the body. The exhaled radon was determined on breath samples taken using specially designed breathing apparatus by means of which radon-free air can be inhaled from a cylinder and subsequently exhaled into a collecting bag. The amount of gamma-emitting radon decay products in the body was measured in a low background laboratory using a sodium iodide crystal scintillation counter. This equipment was calibrated by means of a standard radium source placed at several points in a water-filled plastic model of the

33264 THE USE OF GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETRY IN BIO-ASSAY. A. Holmes (Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell, Berks, Eng.). Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, 1964, Preprint SM-52/8, 19p. (CONF-448-7). (AERE-R-3834)

From IAEA Symposium of the Assessment of Radioactive Body Burdens in Man, Heidelberg, May 1964.

The use of gamma-ray spectrometry for the determination of radionuclides in bio-assay samples is discussed. This technique has the advantage that direct measurements can be made on untreated samples, thus avoiding tedious and time-consuming radiochemical separations. A second advantage is that a number of radionuclides may be deter

of certain elements are preferentially eliminated in feces, whatever the route of intake. These include 65 Zn, 144 Ce, 210 Po, 226 Ra, 227Ac, and inhaled 239 Pu. In cases of accidental exposure to such radionuclides, the results of urine analysis alone cannot be used as an index of exposure and in the absence of other methods of detection fecal sampling and analysis may provide valuable data. (C.H.)

mined simultaneously in the same sample. The sensitivity of this method for a number of radionuclides commonly encountered in the atomic energy industry is defined in terms of action levels in excreta. These action levels are derived from maximum permissible body burdens, recommended by the ICRP, and a constant excretion rate of 0.1% per day of the MPBB. They are expressed in picocuries of gamma activity, to take the branching ratio into account. Almost all the radionuclides considered can be detected at one tenth or less of the action level, with a ten-minute counting period. The equipment used for gamma-ray spectrometry is described. Data are recorded automatically on punched cards and a computer program is used to deduct the background and to plot the corrected spectrum, which is suitable both for measurement and record purposes. The same program can be used to deduce the relative amounts of a number of known radionuclides in a sample, by a least squares fitting method. The limits of detection for this equipment are calculated for gamma emitters with energies in the range 0.134 to 1.33 Mev and for counting periods of 1, 10, 100, and 1000 minutes. Limits of detection are also calculated for variations in counting geometry, as sample volumes are increased from 400 to 2000 ml. A number of spectra of contaminated urine and fecal samples from occupationally exposed personnel are also included. (auth)

33267 DETERMINATION OF PLUTONIUM BODY BURDENS FROM MEASUREMENTS OF DAILY URINE EXCRETION. S. A. Beach and G. W. Dolphin (Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell, Berks, Eng.). Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, 1964, Preprint SM52/12, 16p. (CONF-448-11)

From IAEA Symposium of the Assessment of Radioactive Body Burdens in Man, Heidelberg, May 1964,

Mathematical models are presented that represent the metabolism of Pu in man. The models use the original data from 16 human experiments, as reported by Wright Langham and others, and a simple compartment model. The functions obtained from this analysis, relating the body burden to the daily excretion in urine following an injection, are used in proposed mathematical models for the slow release of soluble plutonium into the blood stream from a wound site or the lungs. The results of calculations on the model for various hold-up times at the wound site or lungs are presented graphically. The presently available data on the biological variation between men and in the day-to-day plutonium in urine excretion in an individual are analysed and discussed with special reference to the best design of a routine urine sampling program. (C.H.)

33265 THE ASSESSMENT OF RADIOACTIVE CAESIUM IN MAN. J. Rundo (Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell, Berks, Eng.). Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, 1964, Preprint SM-52/6, 22p. (CONF448-6)

From IAEA Symposium of the Assessment of Radioactive Body Burdens in Man, Heidelberg, May 1964.

The content of 134Cs and 137Cs in the human body may be estimated either by whole body radioactivity measurement or by excretion analysis. Some of the difficulties of these two methods are discussed. (C.H.)

33266 THE ROLE OF FAECAL ANALYSIS IN A BIOASSAY PROGRAMME. J. D. Eakins and A. Morgan (Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell, Berks, Eng.). Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, 1964, Preprint SM-52/10, 15p. (CONF-448-9)

From IAEA Symposium of the Assessment of Radioactive Body Burdens in Man, Heidelberg, May 1964. (AER ER-4589)

The role of fecal sampling and analysis in a bio-assay program is discussed, with particular reference to the estimation of retained lung burdens of insoluble radioactive materials. Sampling and analysis of feces is often used as a complement to urine analysis, following cases of known or suspected exposure by inhalation of insoluble radioactive materials. Experience has shown that urine analysis alone cannot always be relied upon to give an indication of exposure by inhalation and in any case the results obtained are affected by so many variables that they defy interpretation. The analysis of fecal samples collected after an incident, however, can confirm whether or not a significant intake has occurred and enable an initial estimate of the retained lung burden to be made, by reference to one of the models describing the behaviour of inhaled particles in the lung. The subsequent fecal excretion pattern and particle size measurements on air filter samples representing the inhaled aerosol, if available, can be used to modify the initial estimate. Some examples of excretion patterns obtained from cases of accidental inhalation of insoluble compounds of 170Tm and 239 Pu are described. It is pointed out that radionuclides

33268 THE ESTIMATION OF INTERNAL CONTAMINATION WITH URANIUM FROM URINE ANALYSIS RESULTS. S. Jackson (Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell, Berks, Eng.). Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, 1964, Preprint SM-52/15, 14p. (CONF-448-12)

From IAEA Symposium of the Assessment of Radioactive Body Burdens in Man, Heidelberg, May 1964.

The most common cause of internal contamination with uranium is inhalation of uranium dust. Soluble uranium compounds are rapidly absorbed from the lungs, and most of the uranium entering the circulation is rapidly excreted in the urine. The intake of soluble uranium can be estimated from the uranium content of samples taken immediately afterwards. It is a special feature of soluble compounds of natural uranium that the primary hazard is not radiological but toxicological due to chemical effects of uranium deposited in the kidneys. Some uranium is also deposited in the skeleton, but the radiological hazard to bone is less serious, in the case of natural uranium, than the toxicological hazard to kidney. In the case of insoluble compounds, the critical hazard is radiological exposure of the lungs, due to the persistence there of some of the inhaled uranium. With soluble compounds of highly-enriched uranium, the primary hazard is also radiological; due to the high specific activity, the chemical effects on the kidneys are less serious than the irradiation of bone, which thus becomes the critical organ. For these cases of radiological hazard, it is better to attempt to assess the retained body burden rather than the intake of uranium. This may be done by analysing samples taken not immediately after exposure, but after some time has elapsed. Samples taken after a holiday are probably the best material available in industrial practice, but it may be necessary to accept samples after only a weekend of removal from exposure. (auth)

33269 GAMMA-SPECTROMETRIC AND HISTOAUTORADIOGRAPHIC INVESTIGATIONS ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND EXCRETION OF THORIUM AND ITS DAUGHTERS IN THOROTRAST PATIENTS. A. Kaul (MaxPlanck-Institut für Biophysik, Frankfurt am Main). Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, 1964, Preprint SM-52/54, 32p. (CONF-448-21)

From IAEA Symposium of the Assessment of Radioactive Body Burdens in Man, Heidelberg, May 1964.

The estimation of the internal radiation dosage from thorium and its daughters in thorotrast patients presupposes the knowledge of the distribution of the nuclides of the thorium series within the organism. Moreover, the knowledge of the excretion of the thorium daughters with feces, urine, and exhalation is of importance. In a series of cases of ThO, incorporation 10 to 20 years ago mainly two kinds of distribution patterns were observed. These included the deposition of 232Th and its daughters mainly within the liver, and spleen and bone marrow, and the simul-' taneous deposition of the x-ray contrast medium at the spot of the former injection. The thorotrast depots were analysed quantitatively in vivo and localized with a Nal (Tl)total body y-ray spectrometer (HUCO). It was also possible from excretion measurements to estimate the radioactive equilibrium state between 232 Th and its daughters in the physiological steady state. Parallel analyses of section materials of former thorotrast patients showed similar results. The question of the radioactive equilibrium state between 232 Th and its daughters 228Ra and 228 Th was investigated. The 232Th and 228 Th content of different samples of liver, spleen, bone marrow, and marrow-free bone were determined and the 228 Th activities compared with results of y-spectrometric analyses. The observed activity ratios 232 Th/228 Th served as a base for calculations of both the 232 Th and 228 th content of samples from histoautoradiographic investigations. Both methods and the results of the y-spectrometric and histo-autoradiographic investigations are discussed in detail. (C.H.)

33272 (NIRS-2(p.31-42)) PHYSIOLOGY. (Japan. National Inst. of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo).

Experiments are reported on the protective action of dinitrophenol against the lethal effects of x-irradiation in toad embryos, the effect of total body y-irradiation on electrolyte distribution in rat blood, the effects of fractionated irradiation on encysted dry eggs of Artemia salina, the relation between survival time after exposure to x rays and dose of radiation in fish (Carassius auratus and Oryzias latipes), the effects of ionizing radiations on sodium metabolism in goldfish (Carassius auratus), the histopathology of the intestinal epithelium of goldfish after whole-body x-irradiation, histological responses of the adrenal cortex of the goldfish (Carassius auratus) to x-irradiation, radiation effects on the regulating mechanism of fish melanophore, the role of the pituitary gland in melanization in the skin of the goldfish (Carassius auratus) following x-irradiation, the protective action of reserpine against x-irradiation in fish (Oryzias latipes), x-ray effect on the adrenal cortex function of rats, the effect of x-irradiation on the embryonic development of the mouse, and specificity of lymphatic organs to radiation damage. (H.M.G.)

33273 (NIRS-2 (p.42-8)) GENETICS. (Japan. National Inst. of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo).

Experiments on the early phenotypic expression in the transformation of Diplococcus pneumoniae, radiosensitivity of Paramecium in different stages of conjugation, mutagenic effects of 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide in Drosophila melanogaster, mutagenic effects and chromosome breaking ability of 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide in Drosophila melanogaster (injection experiment), modification of mutation rates by storage of irradiated spermatozoa in the female Drosophila melanogaster, estimation of mutation rate in rare recessive traits, estimation of recessive gene frequencies from data on consanguineous marriages, and random mating and frequency of consanguineous marriages in human populations are reported. (H.M.G.)

Refer also to abstract 33997. 33270 (NIRS-2 (p.23-6) BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIO- PHYSICS. (Japan. National Inst. of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo).

Experiments on contraction of glycerinated mitochondria, effects of y-irradiation on the contraction system in glycerinated mitochondria, changes in the content of adenosine nucleotides during early development of the sea urchin (Pseudocentrotus depressus), the influence of x-irradiation on 55 Zn uptake by mice testes, and the bio

65 synthesis of sinigrin are reported. (H.M.G.) 33271 (NIRS-2(p.26-31)) CYTOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY. (Japan. National Inst. of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo).

Experiments are reported on: behavior of the telophase chromosome-group following microbeam irradiation; mode of chromosome aberrations by ethyleneimine and triethylene melamine; effects of gamma-irradiation on the histogenic aggregation of dissociated cells from chick embryos; embryonic development in encysted dry eggs of Artemia salina, with special reference to the cell numbers, DNA-content and chromosomes; and comparative studies on the effects of gamma rays, high temperature, and carzinophilin upon encysted dry eggs of Artemia salina. (H.M.G.)

33274 (NYO-910-1) RADIATION STUDIES: FREE RADICAL PRODUCTION AND SECONDARY ELECTRON SPECTRA. Progress Report, May 1, 1963 - May 1, 1964. John S. Laughlin (Sloan-Kettering Inst. for Cancer Research, New York). July 1, 1964. Contract AT(30-1)910. 9p.

The progress reported includes improvement of the sensitivity of the electron spin resonance spectrometer with automatic frequency control, measurement of secondary electron spectra in tissue-equivalent media, LET vs dose and LET distribution graphs, and a proposed meson beam project. (D.L.C.) 33275 (NYO-910-2) RADIATION STUDIES: RADIATION-CHEMICAL MECHANISMS IN SIGNIFICANT BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS. Progress Report, May 1, 1963May 1, 1964. John S. Laughlin (Sloan-Kettering Inst. for Cancer Research, New York). July 1, 1964. Contract AT(30-1)-910. 19p.

Progress is reported in studies on the influence of oxygen on changes in viscosity and hyperchromicity of yirradiated DNA from salmon sperm and calf thymus, the isolation of DNA from Escherichia coli, and the effects of sulfhydryl compounds and other dose-modifying chemicals on the radiosensitivity of E. coli. Cysteamine and 3chloropropyl mercaptan protected E. coli against the effects of radiation while thioglycolic acid, which also contains an active sulfhydryl group, was a radiation sensitizer. Data are included on the effects of 5-bromodeoxy

uridine and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine on recovery of sublethally irradiated mammalian cells in cultures. (C.H.)

33276 (NYO-910-7) RADIATION STUDIES: A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF X-RAYS ON THE BONES OF LIVING MICE. Progress Report, May 1, 1963- May 1, 1964. Helen Q. Woodard (Sloan-Kettering Inst. for Cancer Research, New York). July 1, 1964. Contract AT(30-1)910. 6p.

Progress is reported in a study on the effects of x radiation on the composition of the tibias of mice. One tibia of each mouse was exposed to 1200, 1600, or 2000 r of x radiation while the other hind leg and the remainder of the animal was shielded. At various times up to 4 mo. after irradiation the mice were killed and both tibias were analyzed for wet weight and water weight and for N content. The specimens were then ashed, and the weight of the ash and Ca and P contents were determined. Tracer doses of 89Sr were administered to some mice before the mineral content was determined. Preliminary results are reported. A study of the variation with age in the composition of human cortical bone was completed. (C.H.)

y radiation, and ultraviolet radiation on the structure and metabolism of nucleic acids and the effects of treatment of irradiated organisms by native nucleic acids extracted from intact organisms were studied in Salmonella typhimurium, rat liver cells, and L-strain cells in tissue cultures. The structures of newly synthesized DNA and RNA in x and uv irradiated bacteria were significantly damaged as judged by changes of the physicochemical characteristics and the base composition of these constituents; the structures of resting rat liver nuclear RNA fraction and the post-microsomal RNA fraction were damaged very early after LD 100/30 of x radiation, as judged by the base composition and ratio of the specific activities of RNA pyrimidines, whereas the structure of the microsomal fraction was almost normal. Recovery from radiation injury of irradiated rats (LD 100/30 ), cells cultivated in vitro, and bacteria (LD50) was achieved with native isologous and homologous DNA. Heterologous DNA, nuclease digest products, and nucleic acid precursors were inactive. A significant restoration of the synthesis of antibodies was also achieved by treatment with native isologous organ-specific nucleic acid. (4). Iron-59 was used as a tracer in studies of the physiological properties of hematopoietin and its role in hematopoietic regeneration in irradiated mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, and dogs. It was concluded that postirradiation bleeding stimulates hematological regeneration and increases the percentage of surviving lethallyirradiated experimental animals. Erythropoietin appeared to be an important factor of hematological recovery in the irradiated animals, but it has no protective effect against radiation injury. (5). Calcium-47 was shown to be a useful tool in the investigation of numerous problems of Ca metabolism, including detection and differential diagnosis of several types of malignant and non-malignant skeletal lesions. Results are compared with results using 46Ca, 48Ca, and 858r as tracers in studies of Ca metabolism in man. (6). The incorporation of 32P into synthetic bone-like material, into bone and tooth powder in vitro, and into bones and teeth of normal and rachitic rats under manipulation of vitamin D intake was studied. It was concluded that bone mineral consists of several mineral phases, and that proportions and transformations in rats depend on age and metabolic state. Vitamin D apparently increased the rate of bone dissolution. (7). The effects of doses of 25 to 125 r x radiation on the phagocytic activity of neutrophiles were studied in rabbits using the 32P-carbon black tracer method. It was concluded that changes in phagocytosis precede changes in leucocyte count and may be used as an early biological index of radiation injury. (C.H.) 33278 (STI/DOC-10/28(p.39-66)) RADIOBIOLOGY. (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna).

Results are summarized from diverse radiobiological studies. (1). Reaction mechanisms involved in primary radiation lesions and the possibility of sensitizing microörganisms to ionizing radiations were studied in cultured mouse lymphoma cells and bacteria. An approximate inverse relation was found between the DNA content of cells and their radiosensitivity. Irradiation in the presence of iodoacetamide resulted in a marked decrease in the survival of certain radioresistant bacteria. It was concluded that the radiosensitivity of microörganisms can be changed. (2). Studies on the mechanism of activation and inactivation of bacterial spores with ionizing radiations showed that different types of effects come into play as the radiation dose is increased. Low doses

33277 (STI/DOC/10/28(p.21-38)) HEALTH PHYSICS AND RADIATION PROTECTION. (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna).

Experimental methods and results are described for several studies on radiation protection. (1). It was demonstrated that low doses of x rays cause an immediate drop in injection pressure of the mucopolysaccharide connective tissue matrix in abdominal muscle fascia of rats. X radiation caused the immediate depolymerization of mucopolysaccharide macromolecules of fresh synovia, studied by measurement of relative viscosity. Cystamine, thiosulfate, AET, and serotonin afforded protection against radiation effects on mucopolysaccharides, but molecular oxygen had the same protective power. The waterpermeability of isolated connective tissue membranes was found to be very sensitive to the combination of weak mechanical tension and x radiation. The phenomenon of gastric retention after doses of 100 to 300 r x radiation was confirmed in rats. It was concluded that liberation of adrenaline and serotonin together was the cause of retention. It was found that in hypophysectomized frogs the aggregated melanophore pigment expanded in response to 400 r whole-body x radiation. The effect was shown to be mediated by the liberation of neurohormones, especially serotonin. Liberation of serotonin and of adrenaline from superior uterine horns of rats was shown to increase after exposure to 1000 r x radiation. The effects of free amines in circulating blood on the morphology of erythrocytes was investigated as a possible index of x ray sensitivity of normal individuals and patients. Various combinations of bioamines were tested for their radioprotective effect in mice. Local x radiation doses of less than 200 r were found to induce atheromatosis in hyperlipemic rabbits. Histologic examination of human tissue, obtained from necropsy or biopsy of patients after radiotherapy, invariably showed identical arterial damage in the irradiated area. (2). A method of two-step grafting of hematopoietic and germinal tissues was investigated in mice as a means of counteracting incipient radioinduced sterility. The use of pooled hematopoietic cells from 50 antigenically heterogeneous donors resulted in successful transplantation of ovaries or their tissues in mouse radiation chimeras. Male radiation sterility was found to be an unsatisfactory experimental model for transplantation therapy. (3). The effects of x radiation,

Page 19

chemical methods. The different areas of the central nervous system were found to vary in radiosensitivity. (C.H.)

33279

(TID-20823) INVESTIGATIONS ON MUTABILITY OF POLYGENES AND ON UTILIZATION OF INDUCED GENETIC VARIABILITY. Progress Report. R. E. Scossiroli (Pavia, Italy. Università. Istituto di Genetica). Apr. 1, 1964. Contract IAEA 61/US. 17p.

Progress is reported in studies on radioinduced mutations of plant polygenes and the use of induced genetic variability to improve the yields of maize and wheat. Data are presented on the yield of maize from progenies and crosses of progenies obtained after exposure of the tassel to x radiation doses ranging from 500 to 3000 r. The sugar content of the stalk at the time of ear harvest was also determined. Estimates were made of the genetic variability in Rg and Ry generations and sublines of T. durum and T. aestivum varieties of wheat from seed exposed to doses of 2000, 4000, or 8000 rx radiation. A study was made of covariation for all the observed traits and preliminary data are included. (C.H.)

stimulated germination of Bacillus subtilis spores, whereas higher doses inhibited germination. Radiation effects on the growth of cells from irradiated spores also manifested themselves differently depending on the dose. Lower levels affected primarily the reproductive system and higher doses affected certain intracellular synthetic mechanisms. (3). Quantitative data were obtained on the survival of guinea pig kidney cells cultured in vitro following exposure to doses of x radiation up to 700 r. The causal significance of morphological abnormalities in lethal radiation effects was studied. The reproductive death of cells was closely related to the appearance of giant cells in the irradiated progeny, whereas it displayed no simple correlation to changes in the number of chromosomes. The effects of x radiation were compared to those of nitrogen mustard. The abnormalities induced by the two agents displayed a general resemblance, but some indirect evidence was obtained that the action mechanism was not the same. (4). The effects of various doses of x and y radiation, administered to the wholebody or head, on the nervous system of cats and rats was studied using a technique by which electrodes were implanted in the encephalon, certain encephalic activities were electrically stimulated, and the electro-physiological responses and spontaneous activities recorded for unanesthetized animals. Data are presented on the effects of y radiation on response of the visual cortex and on the effects of x radiation up to a total dose of 190,000 rad on the sympathetic transmission of the superior cervical ganglion as measured in studies in which one of the ganglions was exposed to radiation, the body was shielded, and the other ganglion was used as a control. The development of the response of the ganglion after irradiation was also followed in excised preparations. (5). Results are reported from an investigation of the effects of x radiation on the genetic material of bacteriophages with emphasis on the fractionation, purification, and biological activity of irradiated DNA. (6). The lysogenic system of Staphylococcus albus, consisting of lysogenic bacteria P(w), the sensitive bacteria W5, and the phage W, was found to be a suitable biological dosimeter for doses of x radiation of 1 r or less. It is suggested that the system can be used in the investigation of the threshold problem in radiobiology. (7). The peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones via dehalogenating pathways and mechanisms regulating thyroid-pituitary interactions were studied in rats and pituitary homogenates using 1311 and 1311-labeled thyroid hormones. From the results obtained it was concluded that the classical theory of a feed-back mechanism regulating thyroid-pituitary interplay, in which the circulating concentration of thyroid hormone play a primary role, should be modified and more attention should be given to alterations of the intracellular metabolism of the thyroid hormone as a factor involved in the regulation of thyrotropic hormone secretion by the pituitary gland. Applications of the findings in the induction of experimental goiter and in the elucidation of the causes of some types of human goiter are discussed. (8). The effects of various doses of ß radiation on metabolism of the central nervous system were studied in rats after the intraperitoneal injection of 32 P. Animals were sacrificed at intervals of 2 to 100 days after a single dose of 125 uc 32P/100 g body weight, treatment twice a week to a dose of 320 to 350 uc/ 100 g per rat, or administration of 4 doses totalling 500 uc/100 g given over a 37-day period. The brain cortex, diencephalon, hypothalamus, cerebellum, rhinencephalon, pons-medulla, and spinal cord were examined by bio

33280

(TID-20831) PROBLEMS IN RADIATION EMBRYOLOGY. A. THE EFFECT OF EMBRYONIC IRRADIATION ON ADULT LIFE EXPECTANCY AND ADULT PATHOLOGY. B. THE EFFECT OF EMBRYONIC IRRADIATION ON POSTNATAL BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES, C. THE INDIRECT EFFECT OF IRRADIATION ON MAMMALIAN EMBRYOGENESIS. Seventh Year Progress Report, July 1, 1963June 31, 1964. (Jefferson Medical Coll., Philadelphia). Contract AT(30-1)-2071. 9p.

Progress is reported in studies on the effect of embryonic exposure to various doses of x radiation on postnatal biochemical and physiological processes, adult pathology, and life expectancy of rats and mice. The effects of irradiation of the ovary, uterus, and embryo on embryonic death were also studied in pregnant rats. A list is included of publications during the period covered by this report. (C.H.)

33281 (TID-20844) QUANTITATIVE POPULATION GENETICS OF MICE UNDER IRRADIATION. Progress Report, July 1, 1963- June 30, 1964. Earl L. Green, Thomas H. Roderick, and Gunther Schlager (Roscoe B. Jackson Memorial Lab., Bar Harbor, Me.). July 16, 1964. Contract AT(30-1)-1979. 7p.

Progress is reported in the discovery, isolation, and analysis of genetic factors affecting radiation resistance in mouse populations. Preliminary results are reported from an empirical analysis of the effects of high-energy x radiation on genetically determined fitness characteristics of mouse populations. (C.H.)

33282 (TID-20876) TERMINATION REPORT (ON RADIATION EFFECTS ON LIVING TREES]. John R. Hamilton (Georgia. Univ., Athens. School of Forestry). June 1964. Contract AT(40-1)-2905. 51p.

Results are reported from the examination of the secondary xylem tissues of representative angiospermous and gymnospermous tree species for anatomical and mechanical effects of in vivo exposure to ionizing radiation. The effects of irradiation were evaluated in terms of cellular aberration, tissue disorganization, and microtensile strength. Data are presented on Quercus alba and Liquidambar styraciflua exposed as seedlings to acute y-slow neutron radiation. (C.H.)

33283 (TID-20889) THE ACTION OF RADIATIONS ON SOME BIOLOGICAL MODEL SYSTEMS. Final Report, June 11, 1963- June 10, 1964. Gabriel Stein (Hebrew Univ., Jerusalem). Contract AT(30-1)-3242. 18p.

Progress is reported in studies on the effects of ionizing radiations on several biological model systems. Data are included from studies on the role of oxygen on radiation effects in gelatin systems ranging from dilute solutions to strong gels; the effects of radiation on reactions of trypsin and chrmotrypsin in aqueous solutions at different pH values and concentrations; and radioinduced excited states in biological systems with emphasis on aromatic molecules, oxidation-reduction processes, and the influence of Brownian motion on resonance transfer of electronic excitation energy in solutions. (C.H.)

during, and after radiotherapy. The opinion that estrogen production is exceptionally high in women with cervical cancer could not be confirmed. On the contrary, for all 3 estrogen fractions the values were throughout slightly below normal in this study. After irradiation of the ovaries with a dose of 3000 to 4000 R, the estrogen excretion declined rapidly. The decrease was complete with 6 weeks, reaching postmenopausal values. The decrease occurred at about the same rate as after oophorectomy. The decrease for estriol was permanent. The estrone and especially the estradiol production, however, increased again, according to titrations carried out more than 4 months later. The pretherapy estriol/estrone + estradiol quotient of 1.2 dropped to 0.5. Of the 17 cases investigated, 5 died within 18 months, all of cervical cancer. Two years post irradiation the remaining 12 cases are still asymptomatic. No significant abnormal estrogen excretion could be noted in the cases who died. The excretion of 17-ketosteroids and 17-OH-corticosteroids was within normal limits and remained constant during and after irradiation therapy. (Excerpta Med., Sect. XXIII, 1: No. 6 (June 1964))

33284 (AEC-tr-5836) EFFECT OF IONIZING RADIATIONS ON PLANTS. I. M. Vasil'ev. Translated by Lydia Venters (Argonne National Lab., Ill.) from Deistvie Ioniziruyushchikh Izluchenii na Rasteniya. Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 1962 1963. 264p.

This book was previously abstracted from the original language and appears in NSA as 17: 5905. (L.T.W.) 33285

(JPRS-25502) DETERMINATION OF CERTAIN TRACE ELEMENTS IN RADIATION DERMATITIS. A. Ya. Prokopchuk, A. T. Sosnovskii, M. Z. Yagovdik, and Z. I. Orlova. Translated from Vestsi Akad. Navuk Belarusk. SSR: Ser. Biyal. Navuk, 92-6(1964). 14p. (TT-64-31774) )

The effects of radiodermatitis on the content of Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn in the skin and blood of rabbits was investigated. The quantitative content of the trace elements was determined by colorimetric methods. The amount of Co and Zn in the blood and affected skin of rabbits had a tendency to increase. The amount of Ni in the blood did not appreciably change, but in the affected skin a tendency to increase was noted. At the height of the development of radiation dermatitis there was an increase of the concentration of Cu in the blood and in the affected skin. An increase of the amount of Co, Ni, and Cu was also observed in the blood of patients ill with radiodermatitis; the increase of the amount of zinc was of no essential importance. (C.H.) 33286 (UCRL-Trans-1068) CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND RBE OF HIGHENERGY PROTONS. Yu. G. Grigor'ev, N. G. Darenskaya, M. P. Domshlak, A. V. Lebedinski, Yu. G. Nefedov, and N. I. Ryzhov. Translated by D. A. Nimidoff (Univ. of California, Lawrence Radiation Lab., Berkeley), from IAEA Preprint No. SM-44/62 presented at the Symposium on Biological Effects of Neutron Irradiations, Upton, N. Y., 1963. 10p.

Data are summarized from a number of studies on the biological effects of protons with energies of 126, 240, and 510 Mev in laboratory animals. Data are included on the relative biological effects of single and fractionated doses of protons, x, and y radiation in mice, rats, and dogs as determined by the life span and biochemical and histological examinations of the exposed animals. (C.H.)

33288 RADIATION NEPHRITIS: LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS. Seymour Rosen, Martin A. Swerdlow, Robert C. Muehrcke, and Conrad L. Pirani (Univ. of Illinois, Chicago). Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 41: 487-502 (May 1964).

Two cases of radiation nephritis are described, and findings are compared with those of other reports. The results of all previously reported cases of radiation nephritis are tabulated with regard to age, disease for which radiation was given, dose, latent period, and renal histology. (TCO) 33289 MICROANGIOGRAPHY AS A TECHNIQUE. RADIATION EFFECT VERSUS ARTIFACT. Philip Rubin (Univ. of Rochester, N. Y.), George W. Casarett, Samual S. Kurohara, and Masamichi Fujii. Am. J. Roentgenol., Radium Therapy Nucl. Med., 92: 378-87(Aug. 1964).

Microangiography is discussed as a technique for studying ing the vasculopathophysiologic effects of irradiation. Technique variables discussed are: site of injection, pressure of injection, length of injection, type of opaque medium, heparinization, state of the animal, displacement of blood, fixatives, thickness of the section, photographic emulsion, X-ray source, and tissue Roentgenography. The two major artifacts of microangiography are identified as: poor filling, due to low pressure, leakage of opaque medium, vascular spasm, etc.; and overfilling, due to overinjection secondary to high pressure, fine particulate size, traumatic handling of tissue, etc. To be certain that lesions noted on microangiograms are indeed true vascular lesions, the following aids are suggested: correlative histologic sections are of great value, as in radioautography, for orientation, for evaluation of penetration and distribution of opaque medium and for identification of the histologic lesion; control specimens which include both normal and diseased organs preferably in the same animal are valuable; control histologic sections without injection are important in the recognition of any tissue distortions due to the injection of contrast medium; and associated functional studies help define sensitivity of microangiography in the detection of early changes in the vascular bed. (H.M.G.) 33290 DE LAYED POST-THERAPEUTIC RADIONECROSES OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. P. F. Girard, M. Tommasi, and M. Rochet. Ann. Anat. Pathol., 9: 165-80(Apr.-June 1964). (In French)

Some observations on the development, nature, and occurrence of delayed necroses are summarized, together

33287 EXCRETION OF ESTROGENS, 17-KETOSTEROIDS AND 17-OH-CORTICOSTEROIDS IN IRRADIATED CERVICAL CARCINOMA. A. Lindell and M. O. Raud (Uppsala Univ.). Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand., 42: 31123(1963).

Fractionated oestrogen determinations according to Brown (estrone, estradiol and estriol) were made in 17 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix uteri in fertile women. The determinations were carried out before,

with the different explanations proposed for such necroses. The delayed necroses appear as a necrosis with imbibition of the nervous parenchyma by a substance akin to amyloid, accompanied by intense vascular lesions and demyelinization. 53 references. (D.C.W.) 33291

RADIATION BLEEDING. George Brecher (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.). Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 115: 387-8(July 9, 1964).

Literature on the hemorrhagic tendency following wholebody irradiation is briefly reviewed. It is concluded that thrombocytopenia, a sequel of the generalized bone marrow aplasia, is the etiologic agent. Treatment with platelet transfusion is discussed clinically and experimentally. Vascular response to radiation is reviewed. (H.M.G.) 33292 EFFECT OF GAMMA IRRADIATION OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS SPORES ON SPORE GERMINATION AND ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH. J. Hermier (INRA, Jouy-enJosas, France). Ann, Nutr. Aliment., 17: B439-47(1963). (In French)

The normal germination of spores of B. subtilis is described in order to have a basis on which to judge the effects of radiation. The spores, maintained under rigorous conditions, were exposed to 60 Co radiation at doses from 0.2 to 3.0 Mrad. The two germination stages were studied separately. The results showed that the effects of irradiation in spores differ on at least two points from the effects of irradiation in non-sporulated microorganisms. In B. subtilis the inhibition of cellular division is a delayed reaction, occurring only after at least four divisions. The number of survivors is independent of the culture medium. (J.S.R.)

33293 INFLUENCE OF CULTURE CONDITIONS ON THE RADIATION RESISTANCE OF SOME LACTOBACILLI. P, Dupuy and O. Tremeau (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Versailles, France). Ann. Nutr. Aliment., 17: No. 6, B427-37(1963). (In French)

The effects of culture conditions on the radiation resistance were studied in the Lactobacilli fermenti NCDO 215, L, brevis NCDO 110, P. cerevisiae ATCC 8081, L. arabinosus (LA), and a special selection of this last strain L. arabinosus 30 R No. 2, which has an increased radioresistance. Effects of stage of cellular division, growth phase, pH of the medium, type of medium, and growth rate were determined. The resistance of the Lactobacilli varied within very narrow limits. The highest resistances were those from cells collected when the growth was arrested. Bacteria collected in media conducive to their growth have similar resistances. Cultivation in deficient media increases the sensitivity, but the radioresistance could not be significantly increased by modifying the culture conditions. (J.S.R.) 33294 METABOLIC ALTERATIONS AFTER TOTAL BODY DOSES OF X-RADIATION. EFFECT OF IRRADIATION OF NORMAL LIVER ON DNA SYNTHESIS AFTER PARTIAL HEPATECTOMY. N. Fausto, T. Uchiyama, and J. L. Van Lancker (Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison). Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 106: 447-54(July 20, 1964).

DNA and RNA synthesis in regenerating rat liver were investigated in vivo and in vitro in animals irradiated prior to partial hepatectomy and sacrificed at various time intervals after irradiation. The administration of 600 r whole-body dose was found to reduce the incorporation of injected thymidine into DNA to 30% of its incorporation into DNA of regenerating liver of nonirradiated animals. This inhibition disappeared progressively as the time lapse between irradiation and partial hepatectomy increased.

While the administration of 1000 r 24 hours prior to hepatectomy inhibited DNA polymerase and thymidylic kinase activity in liver supernatant fluid of animals sacrificed 24 and 36 hours after hepatectomy, 600 r inhibited thymidylic kinase activity only. The administration of 1000 r whole-body was without effect on the incorporation of orotic acid-14C into nuclear RNA in vivo and the incorporation of ATP-14C into RNA in vitro. (auth) 33295 CHANGES IN AMINO ACID CONTENT AND INACTIVATION OF LYSOZYME FOLLOWING ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION. Umberto Ferrini (Istituto Regina Elena per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Rome). Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 107: 126-31(July 1964).

Lysozyme in 0.1M KCl solution (degassed) was irradiated with a germicidal lamp (2537 Å). The amino acid composition of samples hydrolyzed by 5.7N HCl and by Streptomyces griseus protease (Pronase) has showed that cystine and histidine residues are affected by ultraviolet light. The close correlation between the rate constants of enzymatic inactivation and histidine loss suggests that the photolysis of this residue is the main factor in the inactivation of lysozyme. The sensitivity of irradiated lysozyme toward trypsin digestion is closely related to the extent of cystine photolysis. (auth) 33296 PERSISTENT POSTIRRADIATION CARCINOMA OF CERVIX UTERI: A PATHOLOGIC STUDY OF 83 PELVIC EXENTERATION SPECIMENS. Carlos PerezMesa and Harlan J. Spjut (Washington Univ., St. Louis). Arch. Pathol., 75: 462-74(May 1963).

Effects of irradiation on carcinomatous and normal tissues were studied in extensively excised pelvic tissues from 83 cases of cervical carcinoma in which radiotherapy failed to eradicate the disease. The presence of edema and hyperemia masked the gross recognition of invasive carcinoma in the bladder, changes which were clinically interpreted as irradiation effect; nearly all of the bladders showed evidences of irradiation histologically. Because of the lack of precise dose data the histologic abnormalities from irradiation could not be related to the amount of radiation. In 69 (83%) cases some histologic changes suggestive of effects of ionizing radiation were present in the pelvic organs. A unique radioinduced alteration, seen in 63% of these patients, occurred almost exclusively in small arteries and consisted of intimal masses of large foam cells. Arteries exhibiting these changes were usually in fields of irradiation damage, and most frequently in association with necrosis. The lesion was not necessarily related to arteriosclerosis, but appeared to represent primary damage to endothelium, (TCO) 33297 INDUCTION OF h-MUTATIONS IN THE EXTRACELLULAR PHAGE T2 BY Y-IRRADIATION. S. N. Ardashnikov, V. N. Soyfer, and D. M. Goldfarb (Gamaleya Inst. for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow). Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 16: 455-9(July 27, 1964).

Experiments are reported on induction by y rays of hostrange mutations in extracellular phage T2. The number of radioinduced mutants was higher in all experiments than the spontaneous background. In the region of the dose curve from the beginning to a dose of 140 kr, there was a linear dependence between the dose and the number of mutants. Data on survival and mutability are tabulated. It is concluded that the effects observed must be the result of true induction of mutations under conditions that permitted the direct action of radiation. (H.M.G.) 33298

THE EXCISION OF THYMINE DIMER FROM THE DNA OF uv-IRRADIATED E. COLI 15 T ATT DUR

ING THYMINE DEPRIVATION. Robert C. Shuster and Richard P. Boyce (Yale Univ., New Haven). Biochem.

Biophys. Res. Commun., 16: 489-95 (July 27, 1964).

A multiple auxotroph of Escherichia coli requiring thymine, arginine, and uracil was used to determine whether thymine dimers are excised from DNA under conditions of thymine deprivation. Samples labeled with tritiated thymidine were treated in one of the following ways: no uv followed by 60 min incubation in M9 containing no thymine, supplemented with arginine and uracil -T + AU); uv but no incubation; uv followed by 60 min in -T + AU; uv followed by 60 min in-T - AU: or uv followed by 60 min in -T - AU and then an additional incubation for 2 hr in +T + AU. After centrifugation and treatment with cold 5% TCA, acid soluble and insoluble fractions were separated and hydrolyzed in concentrated trifluoroacetic acid, chromatographed, and scanned for radioactivity. Thymine dimer was identified by its characteristic Rf value and by its reversion to thymine after elution and uv irradiation in aqueous solution. After incubation, photoproducts appeared in the acid soluble fractions resulting in thymine dimer to thymine ratios greater than that found in the insoluble fraction of the irradiated, unincubated control. Results indicated that the breakdown of DNA in irradiated E. coli 15 T AV may be initiated by the excision of fragments containing thymine dimers and that the excision can occur during thymine deprivation and, therefore, in the absence of net DNA synthesis. It appears that the factors responsible for the removal of thymine dimers during incubation in the dark are not subject to the same regulatory mechanisms that control DNA synthesis. (H.M.G.) 33299 RADIATION CARCINOGENESIS. L. F. Lamerton (Royal Cancer Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, Eng.). Brit. Med, Bull., 20: 134-8(May 1964).

Radioinduced carcinogenesis is reviewed in reference to: whether, for different tumor types, there is a relation between susceptibility to radioinduced and spontaneous cancer incidence; and whether, for a given type of tumor, the incidence following irradiation can be matched to that of the unexposed population by change in time-scale or in incidence scale. Topics discussed include: tumor incidence in irradiated human populations; age-dependence relations of radioinduced and spontaneous tumors; susceptibility of embryo and fetus; significance of gross chromosome abnormalities; and theoretical considerations. (H.M.G.) 33300 POLLUTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT BY RADIOACTIVITY. INCIDENCES OF RADIOCONTAMINATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL CYCLE. Colonel Bocquet. Cahiers Med. Vet., 31: 1-51(July-Aug. 1962). (In French)

The radiocontamination of the environment is discussed from the viewpoint of the problems it presents to the veterinarian. The types of ionizing radiations are briefly classified, and their effects are summarized. The sources of natural and artificial radioactivity are indicated. The contamination of the biological cycle is reviewed. In conclusion, the role of the veterinarian services in the study and prevention of radiocontamination is discussed. (J.S.R.)

mined in homogenates of livers removed from the rats. It was concluded that: potassium levels in rat liver do not change significantly during liver regeneration; prolonged perfusion of rat liver can lead to appreciable loss of intracellular potassium; and the inhibitory effects of x irradiation on cell division and DNA synthesis in regenerating liver are not associated with a loss of intracellular potassium. (H.M.G.) 33302

SOMATIC MUTATIONS IN CARNATIONS INDUCED BY GAMMA RAYS. F. D'Amato, E. Moschini, and L. Pacini (Università, Pisa and Centro Sperimentale di Floricoltura, Pescia, Italy). Caryologia, 17: 93-101(Jan.Apr. 1964). (In Italian)

Rooted cuttings of the carnation varieties Cardinal Sim and Elia rosso, both with semidouble flowers, were irradiated with 7,500 and 10,000 r of gamma rays from 6°Co. In R1, in addition to physiological changes, various types of mutations — which were propagated in vRq and vRg— were observed. The number and percentage of plants showing mutations are reported. In Cardinal Sim (original color: Orient Red 819-819/1, Wilson) only one plant with a white mutation was found; in Elia (original color: Geranium Lake 20-20/1) mutations occurred for: Rose Opale, Peach, white with a central red stripe in each petal and white-variegated red. As already observed by Sagawa and Meilquist (1957), most color changes appeared in a chimeric condition in the branches. In addition to the occurrence of simple flowers (5 petals and normal looking anthers) in three R1 plants, several cases of flowers with a petal number lower than the semidouble control were found both in Cardinal Sim and Elia. In Cardinal Sim, a few plants showing flowers with an increased number of petals as compared with the control were observed (low and high petal numbers could be propagated in vR2). This suggests the possibility that the character number of petals in the material is controlled by a polygenic system. In Elia, it was observed that flowers with a reduced number of petals (mean number about 17, as opposed to about 34 in the control) were sometimes characterized by a long slender calyx. Whether this situation is due to a pleiotropic effect or to a contemporary occurring second mutation is as yet unknown. Chlorophyll deficient sectors (yellow-greenish and albino) were induced. Wholly mutated plants obtained in the following vegetative propagations were unable to survive. Waxless sectors were found in some Ry plants. Depending on size of the mutated sector in R1, wholly mutated plants could be obtained in VR, or in vRg. (auth)

33303 PRIMARY EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT MUTAGENS AND THE DISTURBANCES INDUCED IN THE MEIOSIS OF X1 AND X, OF VICIA FABA. M. V. Ghatnekar (Catholic Univ., Piacenza, Italy). Caryologia, 17: 219-44 (Jan.-Apr. 1964).

The mutagenic effects of x rays, ethylenimine (EI), and ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) were studied on the small seeded cultivated Swedish variety of Vicia faba. The primary effects of the mutagen on the seedlings emerged and intensity of spotting on the first two leaves indicate clearly that they are dose dependent and increase with the increase in dose concentration. The percentage of survival is also dose dependent. Meiosis of X, and X, was investigated. Different types of chromosome aberrations observed were briefly reported. A short description of the mutations and morphological deviations observed in the X, and X2 is presented. Besides the usual mutations some other abnormalities such as cytomixis and faulty development of root system were mentioned. These abnormalities are consid

33301 POTASSIUM LEVELS IN REGENERATING RAT LIVER. D. K. Myers (Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd., Chalk River, Ont.). Can. J. Biochem. Physiol., 42: 1111

: 14(July 1964). (AECL-1961)

The livers of female rats were irradiated with a 300 kv x-ray machine at a dose rate of 300 R/min. Livers of control rats were surgically removed. All animals were allowed food and water ad libitum until death by decapitation. Protein and hemoglobin concentrations were deter

Experiments were conducted on mice; intraperitoneal injections of nucleic acids caused chromosome aberrations comparable with those effected by irradiation. The minimum dose of nucleic acid was 0.05 mg per mouse. 0.2 mg corresponds in its effect to 10-15 r. (OTS) 33310 RELATION BETWEEN THE RADIORESISTIVITY OF BACTERIA AND THEIR CONTENT OF NUCLEIC ACIDS AND PROTEINS. B, Liska and M. Vizdalova (Inst. for Biophysics, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Brno). Cesk. Fysiol., 13: 275(1964).

Studies were made on Bacterium Coli, strain B, grown under aerobic conditions. Connections between the age of the culture, contents of nuclei acids and proteins, and the resistivity to radiation are discussed. (OTS)

ered to be effects of the mutagens and interpreted as another type of mutations. Varying degrees of pollen sterility were observed in the X2. This is interpreted as being due at least partially to non-chromosomic phenomena, It may be due to cytoplasmically inherited male sterility. It is also pointed out that the intensity of spotting in the X1 as the primary effect of the treatment and the frequency of mutations in the X, seem to be independent phenomena. The possibility of utilizing the mutations obtained in the X, for further genetic studies and gene analysis of Vicia faba genom were briefly mentioned. (auth) 33304 CHANGES IN THE EFFECT OF PROCAINE UPON THE BLOOD PRESSURE OF RABBITS IRRADIATED WITH 1000 r. Dinh Ky Tranh (Charles Univ., Hradec Kralove, Czechoslovakia). Cesk, Fysiol., 13: 266(1964).

The effect of procaine remains basically the same in irradiated rabbits as it is in normally healthy ones; however its effect is less pronounced. Also the death rate in animals that were given procaine was decreased when irradiation was administered. (OTS) 33305 INFLUENCE OF X-RAY RADIATION IN VITRO UPON THE FORMATION OF OXIDATION PRODUCTS OF LIPIDS IN THE HOMOGENATES OF LIVER, KIDNEYS, AND THE INTESTINE OF RATS. K. Lejsek and B. Zicha (Charles Univ., Hradec Kralove, Czechoslovakia). Cesk. Fysiol., 13: 266-7(1964).

X radiation of 600 r at pH 5.9 showed no influence on the formation of oxidation products in rats. Doses of 5000 and 10000 r at pH 5.9 inhibited formation of the oxidation products, (TCO) 33306 INFLUENCE OF PHYSOSTIGMINE UPON IRRADIATED RATS. V. Grossmann, J. Tulach, O. Horackova, O. Ochrymovic, and 0, Peca (Charles Univ., Hradec Kralove, Czechoslovakia). Cesk, Fysiol., 13: 268(1964).

Physostigmine in doses of 200 micrograms per kg of body weight was administered and a dose of irradiation of 600 r was used. In irradiated animals the activity of cholinesterase was influenced to a lesser degree than in a control group. (OTS) 33307 RADIOSENSITIVE FACTORS OF CELLULAR PROLIFERATION. M. Silha and L. Zemanova (Inst. of Biophysics, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Brno). Cesk. Fysiol., 13: 274-5(1964).

The influence of irradiation upon the factor stimulating growth was investigated. Experiments with rats indicated that a dose of 700 r 20 hours after irradiation showed a definite influence. (OTS)

33311 COMPARATIVE EFFECT OF HYDROCORTISONE AND X IRRADIATION ON THE LEUKEMOGENESIS OF AKR MICE. J.-F. Duplan (Institut du Radium, Paris). Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol., 158: 228-30(1964). (In French)

Male and female AKR mice, 40 days old, received on 6 successive days an intramuscular injection of hydrocortisone. At the age of 65 + 5 days they were exposed to 800 R of x radiation, and 18 hrs later they received an intravenous injection of 10' cells of isologous bone marrow from normal donors. After spontaneous death, each mouse was autopsied and the existence of leukemia investigated. The results are tabulated to show the length of survival and the number of leukemias. Hydrocortisone and x radiation affect leukemogenesis in very distinct ways. The first modifies the latency of the leukoses and the second modifies their frequency. There are strong sexual differences in the effects of the two agents. Hydrocortisone alone lengthens the average life of both sexes, but irradiation decreases the number of leukemias more in the males than in the females. (J.S.R.) 33312 STUDY OF THE DESCENDANTS OF RATS IRRADIATED AT A YOUNG AGE. A. Léonard, J. R. Maisin, and L. Malfait (Centre d'Etude de l'Energie Nucleaire, Mol, Belg.). Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol., 158: 391-5(1964). (In French)

The first observations on the first, second and third generations of rats exposed to 50, 150, 300, and 500 R eight or seventeen days after birth are reported. The irradiation caused the appearance in the descendants of certain number of abnormal individuals (microcephalia, anencephalia, and cataracts). There was a high mortality in the descendants between birth and weaning in the F1 generation. A percentage of normally built individuals have below-normal size and weight. These small individuals have a decreased fertility. This dwarfishness seems, to a certain extent, to be transmittable to descendants. (J.S.R.)

33308 THE CONDITION OF LIBERATION OF DESOXYRIBO-POLY-NUCLEOTIDES FROM IRRADIATED TISSUES. M. Skalka, J. Matyasova, and V. Chlumecka (Inst. for Biophysics, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Brno). Cesk. Fysiol., 13: 274(1964).

Liberation of polydeoxyribonucleotides was noticed at a level of 25-50 r and up to 300 r the influence was in a direct linear proportion. The liberation started after 2 hours, and reached a maximum after 4-6 hours. Lymphatic and blood forming cells are subject to this phenomenon. It is a process that can be detected only in vivo; experiments in vitro were unsuccessful. (OTS)

33313 FEASIBILITY OF PRODUCING F1 HYBRID COTTON SEED THROUGH RADIATION-INDUCED POLLEN STERILITY. M. J. Constantin (UT-AEC Agricultural Research Lab., Oak Ridge, Tenn.). Crop Sci., 4: 299-302 (May-June 1964).

Dormant seeds (11% moisture) of 3 American upland cotton varieties, Deltapine Smooth Leaf, Empire W. R. 61, and Pope, were exposed to 0, 5, 10, 20 or 40 kr of gammaradiation. Response of all varieties to seed irradiation was comparable. The following responses were observed: M seedling survival was not affected, yield of seed-cotton was reduced severely by the two highest radiation treatments, outcrossing was increased from 28% in the controls to 42% and 48% in the 20 kr and 40 kr populations, respec

33309 COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF IRRADIATION AND OF NUCLEIC ACIDS UPON CHROMOSOMES. Z. Karpfel and J. Slotova (Inst, for Biophysics, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Brno). Cesk. Fysiol., 13: 275(1964).

Page 20

solution showed, in their response to light, modifications in the retinal processes. (J.S.R.)

SKIN. V. S. Turusov (Inst. of Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Academy of Sciences, USSR). Med. Radiol., 9: No. 6, 28-34(June 1964). (In Russian)

In experiments on albino rats it was shown that in the single action of beta-radiation (radioactive cerium) on the skin the effect of the radiation affection intensifies pa rallelly with increase of the radiation dose. In fractional irradiation there occurs a weakening of the effect which is greater the lesser the single dose and the larger the interval between the irradiations. In single irradiation complete stable epilation develops only at the site of former ulcerous lesions, whereas in fractional irradiation there was observed a complete and stable epilation in conjunction with atrophy of the skin, but without the preceding development of ulcers. (auth) 33341 THE STATE OF THE ACHROMATIC FIELD OF VISION IN PERSONS WORKING WITH IONIZING RADIATION. L. S. Lutsker (Scientific-Research RoentgenRadiological Inst., Ministry of Public Health, USSR). Med. Radiol., 9: No. 6, 34-43(June 1964). (In Russian)

, 6. The state of the achromatic field of vision was investigated in 408 persons subjected to the effect of ionizing radiation and in 142 persons of the control group. In 51 persons having contact with ionizing radiation there was seen a narrowing of peripheral limits, in individual cases also paracentral relative scotoma. Among this group in 30 persons as the result of clinical examination and dosimetric data the author revealed signs of the effect of radiation on the organism. Alteration of the field of vision in respect to white color, in the absence of changes in the fundus oculi, indicates an affection of the central neuron of the optic tract, this being confirmed by electroencephalograms pointing to the presence of functional lesions in the cerebral cortex (occipital, temporal, frontal and parietal regions). As the result of statistical treatment of the data obtained the author assumes the relation between narrowing of the limits of the achromatic field of vision and the irradiation dose of the organism due to a degree of narrowing of the limits of the field of vision and the value of the irradiation dose, and the absence of relation between the limits of the field of vision and the period of work with ionizing radiation, as well as the age of the examinees. (auth)

33344 EFFECTS OF X IRRADIATION ON THE HEMOPOIETIC FUNCTION OF FETAL LIVER OF THE MOUSE. J. F. Duplan (Institut du Radium, Paris). Nouvelle Rev. Franc. Hematol., 3: 121-31(Jan. - Feb. 1963). (In French)

Fetuses of mice were given a single irradiation of 240, 580, or 960 R on the 13th to 16th day of intra-uterine life and were killed 24 hours to 5 days after the exposure, using a technique that permitted irradiation of a single fetus at a time. This prevented any maternal damage that might affect the fetus while supplying controls of the same litter. A study of the changes in the weight and of hemopoiesis in the liver showed that the 14th day of intra-uterine life is the time at which the hemopoietic tissue in the liver of mice is most radiosensitive. The liver cells themselves are probably most sensitive on the 13th day, but certainly they are so before the 15th day. In general, the intrahepatic hematopoietic tissue of the fetus appears to be less radiosensitive than the blood-forming tissue of adults. This difference depends upon the fact that some fetal hematopoietic cells are at a radioresistant stage of development; the symbiosis of the fetus with the maternal organism, which protects it from radiations; and the fact that the fetus is protected against bacterial infections consequent upon irradiation. (auth) 33345

HEMOLYSIS BY IONIZING RADIATION: ENZYMATIC CHANGES IN ERYTHROCYTES AND PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF SOME SUBSTANCES. G. G. Nenci and A. Gubbiotti (Università, Perugia, Italy). Nuntius Radiol., 29: 952-69(Dec. 1963). (In Italian)

The hemolysis and the enzymatic damage produced on the blood in vitro by high doses of radiations from a source was evaluated. The incubation of the blood irradiated at 37°C for 3 hours markedly potentiates the degree of hemolysis which is almost complete after administration of 700,000 rad, while it is moderate in the samples to which ATP or GSH are previously added; cysteine, glucose, ribose, and adenosine, in decreasing order of importance, showed a lesser protective effect. The enzymatic damage occurring in suspensions in isotonic solution of washed red blood cells, irradiated by 300,000 rad, is impor 'ant as concerns the G&PD, GIM, F PK, moderate for the PK, aldolase, enolase, and GAPD; unchanged the TIM, MD, PGK, slightly increased the LD. GSH, ATP, and, in lesser degree, glucose partially preserve the enzymes from the damage due to radiations; the GSH shows also a regenerative power on the enzymes, the lesion of which does not seem to represent the only cause of the hemolysis. (auth) 33346

METABOLISM OF C14-TAGGED LYSINE IN CALCIFIED TISSUES DURING ACUTE RADIATION SICKNESS, A, A. Prokhonchukov. Patol. Fiziol. i Eksperim. Terapiya, 7: 81-3(1963).

In experiments on inbred rats of the August strain, certain statistically reliable patterns of changes were demonstrated in lysine (I) metabolism of calcified tissues with acute radiation sickness. A regular and persistent inhibition of (I) metabolism was observed, most pronounced in the femoral bones. Fifty days after irradiation, (I) content in the femoral bones approximates the control, while it continues to remain low in the maxillary bones. Activation of (I) metabolism was observed in the incisors during the first 15 days following irradiation with subsequent inhibition; no essential deviations from the control were detected in the molars. (Referativnyy Zhurnal, Biologicheskaya Khimiya, No. 20, 1963)

33342

THE REMOTE SEQUELAE OF AFFECTION OF DOGS WITH Sro. I. K. Petrovich, N. 0. Razumovskii, and O. L. Torchinskaya. Med. Radiol., 9: No. 6, 48-50(June 1964). (In Russian)

In a number of animals (approximately 30%) in remote periods following single intravenous administration of 90sr osteosarcoma does not develop, but there occurs dystrophy of parenchymatous organs and emaciation of the skeletal musculature. Toxicological data and the dynamics of hematopoietic changes enable to conclude that in remote periods of life of animals affected with 90Sr the hematopoietic alterations depend upon the state of parenchymatous and endocrine organs. (auth) 33343 THE EFFECT OF X RADIATION AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE ON THE POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT OF ISOLATED RETINA. P. Dettmar (Universität, Leipzig) and G. G. Demirtschoglian. Naturwissenschaften, 51: 26970(1964). (In German)

The behavior of the electroretinogram of isolated retinas after x radiation was investigated. The frog retina was exposed to doses up to 10,000 R, and its electrical response to light stimulus was compared with that of nonirradiated controls. No variation in height and shape of the retinogram was detected. The retinas placed in hydrogen peroxide

Page 21

33347 EVALUATION OF THE OCCUPATIONAL CHARACTER OF LEUKEMIA IN SUBJECTS EXPOSED TO IONIZING RADIATION. Vladislav Klener. Pracovni Lekar., 16: 170-3(May 1964). (In Czech.)

A survey of experimental data and observations in exposed human communities is presented in order to explain the hazard of leukemia developing in persons chronically exposed to small doses of ionizing radiation. Present knowledge makes it impossible to reach unequivocal conclusions and does not provide the basis for making decisions on work capacity. A uniform procedure is recommended to be established through an agreement between all interested institutions. (auth)

33348

COLPOCYTOLOGICAL VARIATIONS RELATED WITH IONIZING RADIATIONS. V. Gardiol de Bertola (Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Argentina). Presse Med., 71: 2256(1963).

No alteration of the vaginal cells is the specific response of ionizing radiations. The alterations of the vaginal cells such as protoplasmic vacuolation, phagocytosis, polynucleosis, nuclear alterations and degenerated and odd forms, can be independent of ionizing radiations. On the other hand, cellular enlargement is statistically significant and expresses the epithelial response to ionizing radiations. (Excerpta Med., Sect. XXIII, 1: No. 6 (June 1964)) 33349

EFFECT OF IRRADIATION ON NISSL GRANULES IN RAT SPINAL CORD NEURONS— A PILOT STUDY. S. D. Miroyiannis, B. A. Raines, and V. Jurczenko (College of Osteopathic Medicine and Surgery, Des Moines). Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., 70: 441-53(1964).

Literature concerning the structure and function of Nissl granules and the effect of irradiation on the central nervous system is reviewed. Four groups of rats were irradiated in the lower thoracic spinal region, using doses of 600, 900, 1200, and 4200 R, respectively. Higher doses of the irradiation caused depletion of the Nissl granules and other effects on the nerve cells. Increasing chromatolysis was found with increasing doses of irradiation. These findings warrant further study. (auth)

Experiments were performed to test whether the depletion of nucleated cells in the bone marrow of irradiated mice follows a course predicted by the theory that reproductive inhibition alone is operative, or whether a radioinduced acceleration of cell removal processes also makes a substantial contribution. Nucleated cell interconversions could be ignored in these experiments, and conditions were used that would minimize or eliminate effects of reversible mitotic lag. The data indicated that the rate of cell depletion is immeasurably low at 24 to 33 rads, becomes detectable at 48 rads, and reaches a maximum rate at about 190 rads, which is maintained without alteration, even up to doses close to 2000 rads. The behavior failed to indicate any measurable contribution by accelerated removal processes induced by the radiation. The effective half life for the population of nucleated cells in the bone marrow of 6-week-old, Swiss female mice was calculated to be 10.8 + 3.4 hr. (auth) 33352

EFFECTS OF Ce144 ADMINISTERED TO PREGNANT RATS. A, F. McFee (UT-AEC Agricultural Research Lab., Oak Ridge, Tenn.). Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med., 116: 712-15(July 1964).

Single oral doses of 0.5 and 1.0 mc of 144 Ce were delivered to female rats on days 4 through 14 of gestation. High embryonic resorption rates resulted in markedly reduced numbers of young among those dosed between 4 and 9 days. Doses of 0.5 mc were damaging in this early period although less so than the higher level. Doses administered later than day 9, caused fewer embryonic deaths than those given earlier in pregnancy. The only physical defects noted in significant numbers among surviving progeny were those affecting the eyes in litters dosed on days 7, 8, or 9. No definite effect on growth rate of the offspring could be ascertained and only moderate changes in testis histology following 13- or 14-day doses. (auth) 33353 ELECTROPHORETIC PATTERNS FROM XIRRADIATED BLOOD SERUMS. Anthony J. Luzzio (Army Medical Research Lab., Fort Knox, Ky.). Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med., 116: 769-74(July 1964).

Rat, rabbit, and human blood sera, when analyzed by paper electrophoresis, showed marked changes after they had been irradiated in vitro at 6 dose levels from 106.07 to 106.48 r. In general, as the dose of x radiation was increased, the percent of albumin and gamma globulin in the total protein decreased as alpha and beta globulins increased. It is suggested that perhaps albumin and gamma globulin molecules are so altered by irradiation that they become electrophoretically indistinguishable from alpha and beta proteins. Similar changes occurred 2 to 7 days after irradiation when rabbits were given doses of 750 r to 5000 r. Differences between types of sera as a result of in vitro irradiation were: less pronounced increases in the alpha, and beta globulins for the human serum than for the others, a more marked increase in the alpha, globulin of human plasma than for the other sera tested, and a more marked decrease in the albumin fraction of the rat serum than of the other sera tested. (auth) 33354 STUDY OF THE BIOLOGICAL ACTION OF COSMIC RADIATION UNDER CONDITIONS OF COSMIC FLIGHTS. N. M. Sisakyan, V. V. Antipov, P. P. Saksonov, and V. I. Yazdovskii. Radiobiologiya, 4: 337-43(1964). (In Russian)

The effect of ionizing radiation on the hereditary structures of cells was studied in various organisms: Drosophila melanogaster, seeds of higher plants, lysogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli), microspores of Tradescantia paludosa,

33350 THE EFFECTS OF 600 ROENTGENS OF X- IRRADIATION ON THE NUCLEI OF MOUSE LIVER CELLS. LaVerne Boldhaupt (Wisconsin State Coll., LaCrosse). Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., 70: 453-7(1963).

Four methods were employed to detect a change in the parenchymal nuclei of liver cells in 8 week old female A-Jax mice after receiving 600 R of localized x irradiation. These methods were: determination of the percentage of parenchymal cell volume made up of nuclear material by means of the Chalkley point ratio method; estimation of the actual nuclear volume by means of camera lucida drawings; estimation of the number of nuclei per cc of tissue; and estimation of the ploidy distribution of the nuclei as inferred from nuclear volumes. Irradiated and non-irradiated mice were sacrificed immediately, in 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours following x irradiation. No significant difference was noted between the irradiated and between the non-irradiated nuclei from one time of sacrifice to the next. When the data from all times of sacrifice were combined, no significant change attributable to radiation damage was noted in the nuclei. (auth)

33351 CELLULAR ASPECTS OF THE MAMMALIAN RADIATION SYNDROME: NUCLEATED CELL DEPLETION IN THE BONE MARROW. Theodore T. Puck (Univ. of Colorado, Denver). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S., 52: 152-60 (July 1964).

Page 22

dose. The largest number of agriculturally favorable mutations were obtained at 705 rad. Comparison of the mutagenic effects indicated that the fast neutrons are about 47 times more effective than y radiation, on the basis of the same number of mutations. The largest variety of mutations was obtained by the action of ethylenimine, the lowest variety was due to the action of fast neutrons. (TTT) 33375 CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE COMBINED ACTION OF CHEMICAL MUTAGENS AND IRRADIATION ON BARLEY SEEDS. S. A. Valeva (Inst. of Biological Physics, Moscow). Radiobiologiya, 4: 451-6(1964). (In Russian)

The joint action of chemical and physical mutagens has been examined by determining the effect of y radiation alone, y radiation preceded by a treatment with colchicine

Υ and ethylenimine, and ethylenimine alone on barley seeds. In joint-action studies the seeds were treated with a solution of 0.02% ethylenimine and 0.1% colchicine in distilled water for 24 hours, exposing them subsequently to 1000 R of y radiation. Cytologic analysis of the seeds revealed that the smallest number of chlorophyl mutations is obtained by treatment with y radiation alone, in spite of the

Υ resulting chromosome aberrations and the high sterility of the plants. Preliminary treatment with ethylenimine reduced the number of chromosome aberrations and increased the number of chlorophyl mutations, the number of which may be increased by using lower radiation doses. The mutation spectrum caused by the joint action differed from the spectrum due to the separate action of the two factors. Ethylenimine yielded the largest number of chlorophyl mutations. Thus, it may be concluded that the radiation causes the chromosome aberrations and ethylenimine is responsible for the gene mutations; the preliminary treatment with colchicine increases the radiation-induced injury. No positive correlation could be found between the number of the chlorophyl mutations, the percentage of chromosome rebuilding in the first mitoses of the meristem, and the sterility of the plants. (TTT)

The speed of recovery after irradiation is an indication of the resistance of the organism to repeated exposures. This problem was studied on 5000 white mice, mostly 2 to 4-month old males, irradiated with a 60 Сo source at 35 R/ min. The first exposure, ranging from 50 to 600 R, was repeated within 1 to 15 days. The recovery rate was estimated on the basis of the rate of decrease of the residual radiation injury period, calculated from the LD50/30 values after the first and second exposures. It was found that the decrease of the period of the residual injury as a function of time follows an exponential law; the half-recovery time depends on the radiation dose. The recovery rate of mice was found to be highest after an exposure of 400 R. At higher doses, this value is sharply reduced; this is probably due to an increase of the seriousness of the injury. Reduction of the dose to a level below 400 R resulted in a gradual decrease of the recovery rate, probably because of the lowered strength of the agent, resulting in a lesser mobilization of the compensating reparative mechanism which controls the rate of the recovery from repeated exposures. (TTT)

33376 RESULTS OF STUDIES CONCERNING THE REMOVAL OF NEWLY GATHERED POTATO TUBERS FOR THE DORMANT STAGE. Ts. M. Avakyan, S. P. Semerdzhyan, and R. R. Atayan (Armenian Agricultural Scientific Research Inst., Echmiadzin, USSR). Radiobiologiya, 4: 463-4(1964). (In Russian)

The soil and the climatic conditions of the Ararat Lowlands in Armenia, where the experiments were carried out, make it possible to have two potato harvests per year. This presents problems for providing seed materials for the summer planting because the newly gathered spring harvest yields dormant material. Experiments were therefore carried out to obtain seed material by exposing the newly gathered tubers to ionizing radiation, thus removing them from the dormant stage. The specimens tested were exposed to x radiation at total doses of 50, 300, and 1000 R, studying also the aftereffects of the irradiation. The tubers were allowed to germinate in quartz sand at 24 2°C. It was found that the irradiated tubers yielded a markedly larger crop than the untreated ones. It is concluded that treatment with x radiation represents a practical method for obtaining seed material for the summer planting season. The larger doses had such a strong effect on the ontogenetic development cycle that the dormant stage was markedly shortened. (TTT) 33377 THE RECOVERY RATE OF THE ORGANISM AFTER IRRADIATION AT VARIOUS DOSES. I. G. Akoev. Radiobiologiya, 4: 467-8(1964). (In Russian)

33378 APPEARANCE OF BREAKS IN THE X CHROMOSOME UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF IONIZING RADIATION DURING THE SPERMATOGENESIS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. E. A. Abeleva and N. A. Potekhina. Radiobiologiya, 4: 468-9(1964). (In Russian)

One to two days old Drosophila melanogaster inbred males were exposed to 1000 R of x radiation at 376 R/min. The irradiated flies were mated with wild males possessing fracture in the X chromosomes, controlling 4 recessive genes; the X chromosome of the male possesses the normal (dominant) allelomorphs of these genes. The effect of the radiation on the surviving offspring was examined. It was found that the appearance of deletions in the spermatids was 6 times larger than in the spermias. In order to study the effect of arginine on the frequency of the mutations of the irradiated males, the treated flies were exposed to 1000 R of y radiation from a 60Co source. No direct effect attributable to the arginine could be detected, but no definite conclusions can be reached from these experiments. The frequency of the deletions reached its maximum on the 8th day after the irradiation, indicating that the increase of the deletion frequency occurs in the diploid cells. (TTT) 33379 DEMONSTRATION OF AN ANOXIC COMPONENT IN A MOUSE TUMOR-CELL POPULATION BY IN VIVO ASSAY OF SURVIVAL FOLLOWING IRRADIATION. W. E. Powers and L. J. Tolmach (Washington Univ., St. Louis). Radiology, 83: 328-36 (Apr. 1964).

The sensitivity of cells of the 6C3HED mouse lymphosarcoma to 220-kv x rays was measured under a variety of conditions designed to alter the oxygen tension to which the cells were subjected. Irradiation in vivo in C2H mice yielded a survival curve with two components corresponding to a cell population that is 99 per cent sensitive (Do, 110 rad) and 1 per cent resistant (Do, 260 rad). Radiation resistance did not appear to be heritable. Irradiation in vitro demonstrated only the sensitive component. Irradiation in situ in dead (presumably anoxic) mice gave survival data that indicate at least a twentyfold increase in the resistant population. Irradiation in mice under hyperbaric oxygen yielded a survival curve which indicates that the resistant fraction has been reduced to 0.1 per cent. It is concluded that when growing subcutaneously in the flank of the mouse, the tumor-cell population is heterogeneous with respect to degree of oxygenation. (auth)

33380 CHANGES PRODUCED IN RAT LIVER BY A SINGLE PARTIAL IRRADIATION OF THE ORGAN. I. IN THE COURSE OF THE FIRST THREE MONTHS. A. Lacassagne and Lucienne Hurst (Fondation Curie, Paris). Rev. Franc. Etudes Clin. Biol., 8: 20-4(Jan. 1963). (In French)

A systematic study was made of the modifications brought about by a single x-ray dose of 4000 R on the left and median liver lobes of rats fed a complete diet, and a comparison was made with protected liver tissue in the same animals. The left and median lobes were surgically exteriorized, irradiated, with protection of the rest of liver, and replaced. Animals were sacrificed one hour to 77 days following the operation. Macroscopic changes consisted in atrophy of the irradiated lobes, with compensatory hypertrophy of the protected lobes. An inflammatory reaction was, present on the surface of the irradiated lobes, became covered by a white fibrinous film that made these lobes adhere to each other. Cytologic and histologic changes throughout the postirradiation period are described. (TCO)

33381 CHANGES IN SERUM PROTEINS, PROTEIN FRACTIONS, NONPROTEIN AND AMINO NITROGEN IN COMBINED RADIATION AND BURN INJURY. I. T. Abasov. Sb. Nauch. Rabot Nauchn.-Issled. Rentgeno-Radiol. Inst. Azerb. SSR, 245-9(1962).

The effect of single doses of irradiation (500 and 300 R), burn to the hind legs of albino rats by immersion into 90° water up to the crest of the iliac bone or up to the midthigh, and a combination of these traumas upon protein (I) content, protein fractions, nonprotein, and amino nitrogen in the serum was determined 3, 20, and 40 days after trauma was sustained. Irradiation with 300 did not alter the indexes studied; 3 days after combined trauma there was a reduction in the (I) and albumin (II) content and albumin-globulin coefficient and gamma globulin with a simultaneous appreciable increase in alpha- and betaglobulin; burn and combined trauma were also accompanied by increased nonprotein amino nitrogen content. After 20 days all the changed indexes returned to normal except for the (II) concentration, which returned to normal after 40 days. (Referativnyy Zhurnal, Biologicheskaya Khimiya, No, 20, 1963)

reduced 14C-glycine uptake by splenic NA, there were both inhibition and increased uptake in splenic and serum P; 14C-glycine uptake in splenic L was higher during the stage of development of radiation sickness and lower during the recovery period. (Referativnyy Zhurnal, Biologi cheskaya Khimiya, No. 20, 1963) 33383 POLYPLOIDY INDUCED BY X-RAYS IN CHINESE HAMSTER CELLS IN VITRO. C, K. Yu and W. K. Sinclair (Argonne National Lab., Ill.). Science, 145: 50810 (July 31, 1964).

The incidence of polyploidy (specifically, in this case, the doubling of the stemline chromosome number) induced by x rays in cells cultured in vitro is about the same for both near-diploid and near-tetraploid sublines of the Chinese hamster. Endoreduplication is a principal cytological mechanism for this form of induced polyploidy. (auth) 33384 SEED RADIOSENSITIVITY: A NEW CONSTANT. Thomas S. Osborne and Allyn O. Lunden (UT-AEC Agricultural Experiment Station, Oak Ridge, Tenn.). Science, 145: 710-11 (Aug. 14, 1964).

A constant was derived by which seed radiosensitivity can be predicted from nuclear volume of certain embryonic cells. From nuclear volumes alone, predictions of radiation response for two unknown species were made; experimental values in both cases fell below the 95% but within the 99% confidence intervals of the predictions. (P.C.H.) 33385 THE EFFECTS OF X-IRRADIATION ON THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF COTTONMOUTH MOCCASIN (ANCISTRODON PISCIVORUS) VENOM, Herschel H, Flowers (Army Medical Research Lab., Fort Knox, Ky.). Toxicon, 1: 131-6(1963).

Agkistrodon piscivorus venom in a dilution of 1 mg venom per 10 ml distilled water was exposed to 18375 rad + 263 rad of x irradiation to determine the effect on its local reactivity and lethality. The precipitation patterns of antigens by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis of crude and irradiated venom was compared. The results indicate that the local reactivity of the venom was reduced 50 to 65 per cent. The lethal effect was markedly decreased. It took almost six times the weight of lyophilized x irradiated venom to produce the mouse LD 50. Immunoelectrophoresis and immunodiffusion demonstrated little difference in the pattern of antigens of x irradiated and normal venom. (auth) 33386 THE RATE OF SKIN AUTOGRAFTS AND HOMOGRAFTS IN SUBLETHALLY IRRADIATED RATS. V. Silobrcic, S. Keckes, and N. Allegretti (Institut "Rudjer Bošković,” Zagreb). Transplantation, 2: 459-63(July 1964).

Skin autografts transplanted to sublethally irradiated rats (500 and 600 r) showed post-irradiation hemorrhagic changes resulting in necrosis and partial destruction. By delaying the grafting procedure for several days after irradiation both the incidence and the intensity of postirradiation damage was diminished, Homografts in sublethally irradiated hosts showed changes similar to those observed in autografts. Prolongation of survival time was found to be limited. The role of post-irradiation injuries in the process of graft breakdown in irradiated animals is discussed. (auth) 33387 PERSISTENCE OF TOLERANCE TOWARDS DONOR-TYPE ANTIGENS AFTER TEMPORARY CHIMERISM IN RATS. H. Balner (Toegespast Naguurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Rijswijk, Netherlands). Transplantation, 2: 464-74(July 1964).

Temporary takes of homologous bone marrow were obtained in a number of sublethally irradiated rats. The ani

33382 INTENSITY AND RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NUCLEIC ACID, PROTEIN AND LIPID SYNTHESIS IN THE SPLEEN OF IRRADIATED RATS. A. I. Nikolaev and A. Kh. Akhmadieva. Sb. Nauchn. Tr. Nauchn. Issled. Inst. Rentgenol., Radiol, i Onkol., Uz. SSR, 2-3: 343-5(1962).

Rats receiving 600 roentgens of gamma radiation were given subcutaneous injections of 14C-glycine in the thigh, and four hours later, nucleic acid (NA), protein (P), and lipid (L) radioactivity of the spleen and serum P were determined. One hour after irradiation, 14C-glycine uptake in these fractions showed almost no difference from that of the controls. Five days after irradiation, synthesis of NA and P of the spleen and serum, as determined by 14c-glycine uptake, was considerably inhibited by 41, 28, and 20%, respectively, while L synthesis was 16% higher. On the fifteenth day after irradiation, NA synthesis of the spleen and P synthesis of serum was reduced by 27 and 9%, while splenic P and L was 10 and 30% higher. On the twentieth post-irradiation day (period of recovery), splenic NA synthesis was almost normal: 83% of the control level. Splenic and serum P synthesis was considerably higher, by 23 and 45%, while splenic L synthesis was 28% lower, Depending on the stage of radiation sickness against a background of

tion of POO. It was found that cell damage with POO depends on the degree of oxidation, the toxic effect being related to peroxides and not epoxides. In the absence of Oz the toxic effect of peroxides is reduced. The produced oxygen effect (OE) is similar to the OE with irradiation. It is considered that irradiation produces two consecutive reactions related with the presence of O, in the medium: production of peroxides and interaction between the latter and the biosubstratum. (Referativnyy Zhurnal, Biologicheskaya Khimiya, No. 24: 1963)

33391

STUDIES OF ADOLESCENTS EXPOSED IN UTERO TO THE ATOMIC BOMB, NAGASAKI, JAPAN. I. GENERAL ASPECTS: CLINICAL AND LABORATORY DATA. Gerard N. Burro, Howard B. Hamilton, Zdenek Hrubec, Kichiro Amamoto, Fumiko Matsunaga, and A. Bertrand Brill (Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission, Hiroshima and Nagasaki). Yale J. Biol. Med., 36: 430-44 (June 1964).

mals were tested for specific tolerance toward donor-type antigens by skin grafting at various intervals after irradiation. About 50% of the animals in which reversion to host-type hemopoiesis had been proven by serological typing of erythrocytes and peritoneal nucleated cells, rejected donor-type skin. The remaining animals, however, did not regain host-type immune reactivity after reverting, but remained totally or partially tolerant toward donortype antigens. This reduced reactivity seemed specific and permanent, suggesting the possibility of tolerance toward transplantation antigens across strong histocompatibility barriers, independent of a chimeric state. (auth) 33388 ADOPTIVE TRANSFER OF SENSITIVITY TO ALLOGENEIC VERSUS XENOGENEIC SKIN GRAFTS IN MICE. Marvin L. Tyan and Leonard J. Cole (Naval Radiological Defense Lab., San Francisco). Transplantation, 2: 515-21(July 1964).

Graded numbers of syngeneic spleen and lymph node cells from nonsensitized or sensitized donors were transferred to groups of sublethally irradiated mice (670 rad) which were then grafted with allogeneic and xenogeneic skin. The donor mice had been sensitized with allogeneic or xenogeneic skin grafts, allogeneic and xenogeneic grafts, or cell suspensions of allogeneic or xenogeneic spleen cells, The results indicated that lymphoid cells from donors sensitized by means of skin grafts elicited rejection of appropriate skin grafts significantly sooner than did nonsensitized cells or cells from donors sensitized with dissociated spleen; lymphoid cells from donors sensitized with allogeneic spleen cells appeared to be nonsensitized with respect to transferring skin graft immunity; in addition they appeared to be inhibited by the presence of a serum factor, perhaps specific antiserum; lymphoid cells from donors sensitized with xenogeneic spleen cells did not bring about rejection of xenogeneic grafts significantly sooner than did nonsensitized cells; and first and second-set responses to allogeneic grafts, temporally comparable to those seen in normal mice, could be adoptively transferred, which was not possible with respect to xenogeneic grafts. (auth) 33389 RADIOSENSITIVITY OF TROPICAL PLANT SPECIES: CARICA PAPAYA, MANIHOT DULCIS, AND SWIETENIA HUMILIS. Carl C. Moh (Instituto Interamericano de Ciencias Agricolas, Turrialba, Costa Rica). Turrialba, 13: 180-1 (July-Sept. 1963). (In Spanish)

At a dose of 12 Kr of acute gamma radiation, the percentage of survival of papaya (Carica papaya) seeds was not appreciably different from the control. Further experimentation showed that the LD 50 for papaya seeds was in the vicinity of 19 Kr. Three-month-old papaya plants could not survive at a chronic dose of higher than 600 r/day for three months. A chronic dose of 300 r/day was also lethal to the plants but required an irradiating period of more than three months. Nodes of cassava (Manihot dulcis) were rather sensitive to acute gamma radiation; the projected LD 50 lay in the vicinity of 3 Kr. Preliminary tests with four-month-old mahogany (Swietenia humilis) plants showed that mahogany was relatively resistant to chronic radiation. (auth) 33390

THE ROLE OF OLEIC ACID OXIDATION PRODUCTS IN THE PRIMARY PROCESSES OF CELLULAR RADIATION INJURY. G. I. Gasanov. Vopr. Fiziol., Akad. Nauk Azerb. SSR, Sektor Fiziol., 6: 135-43(1963).

On cultures of Lygosaccharomyces Bailli yeast a study was made on the role of intermediate products of oleic acid oxidation (POO) in the primary processes of radiation injury as well as of the effect of Oz on the radiomimetic ac

An intensive two-year study of 286 Nagasaki adolescents, ages 13 to 14, was conducted as part of a long-term program to determine possible differences in growth and development which might be attributed to in utero exposure to the atomic bomb. Three comparison groups were studied: group I, whose mothers were within 2,000 meters of the hypocenter; group II, whose mothers were located between 3,000 to 4,999 meters from the hypocenter; and group III, whose mothers were not in the city at the time of the bomb. A significantly higher frequency of mental retardation and minor congenital malformations was found in group I males, but not in the females. Although group I females who were in the first trimester of gestation at the time of the bomb and whose mothers experienced the acute radiation syndrome had poorer visual acuity than comparable children of asymptomatic mothers, the small number of observations requires caution in interpretation of this finding. Parasitic infestation occurred in about one-third of the subjects, and group I had significantly greater infestation than did the other comparison groups. Trichocephalus and Ascaris infestation accounted for the higher prevalence. Hookworm occurred less frequently. It is suggested that these findings are probably associated with different dietary and living habits. No cases of leukemia or malignancy were found, but the sample was not large enough to detect even a tenfold increase in incidence. No consistent significant differences attributable to a radiation effect were noted among the comparison groups in regard to radial pulse, blood pressure, hematologic, or urine examinations. (auth) 33392 PHOTOREACTIVATION OF UV-INACTIVATED POLYURIDYLIC ACID. Adolf Wacker, Makoto Ishimoto, Prakash Chandra, and Reinhold Selzer (Universität, Frankfurt am Main). Z. Naturforsch., 19b: 406-8(May 1964). (In German)

A study on the effect of uv-irradiated polyuridylic acid on the incorporation of phenylalanine into the polypeptide precipitable through trichloroacetic acid, in a cell-free system from E. coli was made. Attempts were made to reactivate the uv-inactivated polyuridylic acid through hydrogen peroxide, uranyl acetate, and visible light. It was found that polyuridylic acid irradiated at a dose of 1.2 x 105 ergs/mm2 could be completely reactivated, while the one irradiated at a higher dose of 2.4 x 105 ergs/mm2 could not be completely reactivated under the conditions used. The chemical effects of hydrogen peroxide and uranyl acetate on uv-irradiated polyuridylic acid were also studied. The results show that the photoreactivating effect of uranyl acetate and hydrogen peroxide is due to their ability to split the uracil dimers formed during uy irradiation. (auth)

33397 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATIONS. Arthur C. Upton (Oak Ridge National Lab., Tenn.). p.199-240 of "International Review of Experimental Pathology. Vol. 2." New York, Academic Press, 1963.

Aspects of the biological effects of ionizing radiations relevant to experimental pathology are surveyed. Topics discussed include: effects on the cell, inherited effects, effects on the animal, acute radiation syndrome, delayed somatic effects, factors modifying the radiation response, and internally deposited radionuclides. (H.M.G. )

33393 THE EFFECT OF GAMMA IRRADIATION AND WARMING ON VARIOUS STRAINS OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. H. Gaisch, K. Prosenz, and D, Steinlechner (Reaktorzentrums, Seibersdorf, Austria). Z. Naturforsch., 19b: 430-3(May 1964). (In German)

The principal distinction in the effects of gamma radiation and heating on yeast can not be found by comparison of the dose survival curve. With yeast there is the simple possibility of determining directly the cell count by fermentation measurements so that the time pattern of the growth of a culture can be followed. In the distinction of heating effects, irradiation does not kill a cell immediately. The irradiated cells still have the capacity to carry out some germinations before the division mechanism fails. (tr-auth)

33394 THE PLOIDY DEGREE DEPENDENCE OF RADIO-INDUCED MUTATION RATES IN A SYSTEM OF EXTENSIVELY HOMOZYGOTE AND ISOGENIC SACCHAROMYCES STRAINS. Klaus Haefner (Freie Universität, Berlin). Z. Naturforsch., 19b: 451-3(May 1964). (In German)

An extensively homozogote and isogenic system of Saccharomyces strains with ploidy classes p = 1 to 4 was used for the study of the ploidy degree dependence of radioinduced mutation rates. All strains required isoleucine and valine (IV), and the functional back-mutation to the IV- nonneed was investigated. Both x-ray and uv irradiations were made. The results are tabulated. The mutation rates for the two types of radiation are different. After uv irradiation there is a conspicuously low effective mutability of the triploid and tetraploid strains. It was concluded that no valid explanation can be given of the results. (J.S.R.)

33398

THE EFFECT OF RADIOACTIVE RADIATION ON THE AMINO ACID CONTENT OF WHEAT SPROUTS. L. P. Vitkalenko, p.359-60 of “Fiziol-Biokhimicheskii Osnovi Pidvishchennya Produktivnosti Roslin." Kiev, Derzhdil'gospbidav Ukrainian SSR, 1963.

The free amino acid content was determined in wheat sprouts irradiated by a dose of 10000 R under conditions of the addition of physiologically active substances. Results of the analysis of the following groups of sprouts were compared: control; irradiated (I) by 10000 R; (I) plus MnSO4 (0.001%); (I) plus thiamine; (I) plus niacin; (I) plus riboflavin; (I) plus gibberellin; MnSO4. There was a decrease in some amino acids in the irradiated sprouts. The addition of active substances together with MnSO4 after irradiation increased the amino acid level to that of the control group. (Referativnyy Zhurnal, Biologicheskaya Khimiya, No. 23, 1963) 33399 FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY OBSERVATIONS ON BONE MARROW UNDER RADIATION THERAPY. B. Chonė (Universität, Heidelberg). p.207-11 of “Proceedings of the 9th Congress of the European Society of Haematology, Lisbon, Portugal, Aug. 26-31, 1963. Volume I.” Basel, Verlag S. Karger AG, 1963,

Fluorescen microscopy using fluorochrome acridine orange was used to examine the bone marrow from cancer patients that had been exposed to local therapeutic doses of x or y radiation delivered to the chest or abdominal region. Morphological changes in bone marrow during the course of fractionated radiation exposure were demonstrated by this vital staining technique. Visible effects of fluorescence microscopy observed in bone marrow from irradiated rats were not observed in the human bone marrow cells. (C.H.)

33395 VLIYANIE IONIZIRUYUSHCHEI RADIATSII NA POLOVYE ZHELE ZY, BEREMENNOST', I VNUTRIUTROBNYI PLOD. (Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Ova ries, Pregnancy, and the Fetus). V. I. Bodyashina, A. P. Kiryushchenkov, M. N. Pobedinskii, and N. M. Pobedinskii. Moscow, Medgiz, 1962. 184p.

Radiation effects on the sex glands and fertility in humans were studied, and the outcome of pregnancy in women exposed to radiation was investigated. A special study was made of radiation sickness pathology during pregnancy and the effects of radiation on the embryo, fetus, ovaries, and placenta. Data are given on chemical protection of the mother and fetus. Problems of prophylaxis and therapy of disturbances in menstrual and child bearing functions in personnel handling radioactive materials are discussed, as well as prophylaxis of radiation injuries during x-ray diagnostics and therapy. (R.V.J.)

33396 THE PATHOLOGY OF IONIZING RADIATION. Shields Warren. A Monograph in the Carl Vernon Weller Lecture Series. Springfield, Illinois, Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, 1961. 50p. $3.00. .

Somatic effects of ionizing radiation on mammals are discussed. Based on clinical and experimental evidence, on review of accidental and occupational human exposure, and on study of survivors of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs, acute and chronic syndromes are presented for various dose ranges. Gastrointestinal, hematological, and late effects such as cancer and leukemia are described in detail. When hazards are weighed against benefits, it is concluded that ionizing radiation should not be rejected on the premise of guarding against possible ills. (H.M.G.)

33400 INFLUENCE OF IONIZING RADIATION ON THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF HEME. A. M. Dancewicz, Guni Gutniak, Anna Mazanowska, Teresa Malinowska, and E. Kowalski. p.631-6 of “Proceedings of the 9th Congress of the European Society of Haematology, Lisbon, Portugal, Aug. 26-31, 1963. Volume I.” Basel, Verlag S. Karger AG, 1963.

The effects of doses of 600 to 800 R x radiation on hemoglobin synthesis in rabbits was studied by measurements of the rate of incorporation of 14C-labeled precursors into heme, assays of the activity of enzymes involved in heme synthesis, and determinations of some free precursors of heme in organs of irradiated animals. Results showed that heme was synthesized in spite of greatly diminished activity of some of the enzymes. Possible reaction mechanisms are postulated. It was concluded that the enzymatic chain reactions used in the synthesis of heme can be employed as a model system for studies on basic problems in molecular radiobiology. (C.H.)

33401 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF RADIATION. Donald R. Chadwick (Public Health Service, (Washington, D. C.]) and Simon P. Abrahams. 16p. (CONF-623-2)

From American Medical Association Congress on Environmental Health Problems, Chicago, May 1964.

Difficulties encountered in evaluating the effects of radiation on man are reviewed. It is pointed out that our knowledge of the biological effects of radiation has many gaps, but enough is known that practitioners of medicine, dentistry, and public health should make every feasible effort to prevent or reduce all unnecessary radiation exposures. The size of the population at risk, and the possible consequences of failures on our part are such that we cannot afford to await more detailed and precise knowledge. As new information comes out of vigorously prosecuted research programs, suitable adjustments can be made in standards, protective procedures, and public health efforts. Only thus can we feel confident that the people of this country can continue to enjoy the many health and social benefits inherent in radiation producing devices and materials. (C.H.)

This conclusion is independent of the actual mechanism of radiosensitization by the incorporated BUdR, i.e., whether it increases the intrinsic lability of the DNA structure or whether it interferes with some DNA repair process. The notion that DNA is the critical radiosensitive cell component was further corroborated by the observation that the radiosensitivity of bacterial and mammalian cells is a function of the degree of DNA-labeling by BUdR, while BUdR not incorporated into DNA has no effect on the sensitivity of the cells. (auth)

Radiation Effects Therapy and Countermeasures

33402 RADIO BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF 5-BROMODE OXYURIDINE-LABELED TRANSFORMING DNA AS RELATED TO THE NATURE OF THE CRITICAL RADIOSENSITIVE STRUCTURES. Waclaw Szybalski and Zofia Opara-Kubinska (Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison). 35p. (CONF-456-6)

From 18th Annual Symposium on Fundamental Cancer Research and Cellular Radiation Biology, Houston, Tex., Mar. 1964.

Bacillus subtilis cells grown for two generations in the presence of the thymidine analog, 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR), yielded two classes of DNA: unifilarly labeled, or hybrid, and bifilarly labeled DNA molecules, in which up to 100% of the thymidine residues was replaced by BUdR on only one or on both DNA strands, respectively. The sensitivities of these two classes of labeled DNA molecules to x rays, to three selected wavelengths of ultraviolet light, to subcritical heat inactivation, to critical heat inactivation or melting, and to hydrodynamic shear were assayed and compared with the sensitivity of normal unsubstituted DNA. Genetic transformation toward indole (IND), histidine (HIS), leucine (LEU) and phenylalanine (PHE) prototropy served as the assay system for DNA survival. The radiation survival of control and BUdR-labeled B. subtilis cells was also determined. It was concluded that bifilarly BUdRlabeled DNA is up to 5, 21, and 26 times more sensitive than the unlabeled DNA to x rays, and to short (254 mu) and medium (300 to 340 mu) wavelength ultraviolet light, respectively. Similarly, BUdR sensitized DNA also to subcritical heat inactivation and to hydrodynamic shear. Unifilar labeling results in intermediate sensitization. The PHE, IND, and LEU markers in that order are progressively more sensitive to all the agents tested with the exception of critical heat inactivation, with the IND marker inactivated at the lowest temperature, followed by LEU and PHE. The degree of BUdR sensitization varied somewhat for the individual markers, but differences were small especially for unifilarly labeled DNA. In contrast to other types of inactivating agents, an actual increase in resistance to long wavelength (350 to 390 mu) ultraviolet light and to critical heat inactivation was observed with BUdR-labeled DNA. Sensitivity of transforming activity to x rays and to short and medium wavelength ultraviolet light depended directly on the size of the DNA fragments. On the average, cells which survived exposure to BUDR through one replication cycle were sensitized to ultraviolet (254 mu) and to x rays to the same extent as the unifilarly labeled DNA extracted from these cells, attesting to the role of DNA as the principal radiosensitive cell component.

33403 CERTAIN PROBLEMS OF THE TRANSPLANTATION OF BONE MARROW IN RADIATION SICKNESS. K. K. Zaytsev. Arkh. Patol., 26: 3-15(Mar. 1964).

Several cases in which transplantations of bone marrow hemopoietic cells were successfully carried out are described. A marked improvement in the condition of the patients was noted within a month after the transplantation of the hemopoietic cells; active proliferation of the cells set in. Although most of the patients are now still living, it is too early to establish a definite prognosis. As yet, there are not sufficient data to support the efficacy of bonemarrow hemopoietic cell transplantation as a cure of radiation sickness. The problem in the main is still in the experimental stage. Bone-marrow transplantation, however, cannot be regarded as the only means of treating radiation sickness. (TCO) 33404 CONCENTRATION OF OXYGEN IN TISSUES AND ITS RELATION TO RADIOSENSITIVITY. A. Vacek and E. Davidova (Inst, for Biophysics, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Brno). Cesk, Fysiol., 13: 272(1964).

The concentration of oxygen in tissues is 1.7 to 2 times lower than in the atmosphere. The increase of oxygen increases the radiosensitivity. Experience with animals subjected to adrenalectomy, and the influence of cortisone upon radiosensitivity of such animals are discussed. (OTS) 33405 CONTRIBUTION TO THE PROBLEM OF THE ORIGIN OF GIANT CELLS AFTER IRRADIATION. M. Klimek and M. Vlasinova (Inst. for Biophysics, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Brno). Cesk. Fysiol., 13: 273-4 (1964).

The cause of gigantic cells formation is the loss of the ability of the cells to divide themselves. The development of gigantic cells of the strain HeLa and the influence of the protective substances cysteamine, amino-ethyl isothio uranium, and of the radiosensitizing substances 5-bromodesoxyuridine and 5-iodo-desoxyuridine was studied. Up to an irradiation of 800 r the number of gigantic cells is in proportion to the amount of irradiation; between 900 and 20,000 there is no discernible influence. (OTS)

33406 RADIOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF NITROGENOUS HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS. Renaud Rinaldi and Yvette Bernard (CEN, Grenoble, France). Compt. Rend., 258: 6251-3(June 22, 1964). (In French)

A study of the radioprotective properties of 15 derivatives of imidazole showed that benzimidazole has considerable radioprotective effects. This compound permits the survival of 90% of mice exposed to a lethal dose. The maximum effects are obtained by administration 5 min before irradiation, but administration 1 hr before exposure protects 45% of the animals. The dose reduction factor is

Page 23

1.33. Benzimidazole causes considerable hypothermia -8°C after 60 min), but no correlation could be established between this and the radioprotective effects. (tr-auth)

33407 EFFECT OF RADIOPROTECTORS ON THE RADIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF CANCERS. J. R. Maisin (Centre d'Etude de l'Energie Nucleaire, Mol, Belg.). Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol., 158: 193-7(1964). (In French)

The effect of AET (2-B-amino-ethylisothiourea) on the survival of mice grafted with Landschutz (hyperdiploidy Ehrlich) cells in the thigh or the peritoneal cavity and irradiated with x rays was studied. The experimental conditions are described, and the results are discussed. Although AET protects the ascites cells, it was possible under the particular experimental conditions (irradiation of a large body surface in addition to local irradiation of the tumor) to increase substantially the survival of the protected mice with respect to non-irradiated controls and to mice irradiated without protection. (J.S.R.)

33411 RADIOPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF THE ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH). L. V. Oriova, S. P. Klimova, and V. M. Rodionova (Inst. of Biological and Medical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences, USSR). Med. Radiol., 9: No. 6, 19-22(June 1964). (In Russian)

The radioprotective properties of the adrenocorticotropic hormone were investigated in albino rats with different doses and various preparations of ACTH. It was found that ACTH preparations with a prolonged action increased the survival of irradiated animals when introduced to rats in a daily dose of 0.25 and 1 unit for a period of 6 days before irradiation. (auth)

33408 RADIOPROTECTION OF THE COAT OF SMALL MICE BY ANOXIA. M. L. Beaumariage (Universite, Liege). Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol., 158: 197-200(1964). (In French)

A study was made on 8-day old black C57 mice to determine if epilation by x radiation was sensitive to anoxia induced by irradiation in oxygen-poor atmosphere or by interruption of the blood circulation in a given skin region during exposure. The mice were exposed to radiation doses of 550, 700, 900, 1000, and 1100 R. The results showed that the epilation threshold dose was 550 R for mice irradiated in normal air. Irradiation in an oxygen-poor atmosphere (5% oxygen) was followed by protection against epilation, which varied as a function of the dose and increased the threshold dose to 1100 R. The presence of a tourniquet on one of the paws during irradiation in air was followed by radioresistance localized at the level of the paw. (J.S.R.)

33412 THE USE OF LAGOCHYLUS IN ACUTE RADIATION INJURIES INDUCED BY INJECTION OF P0210, S. M. Mikhailovich. Med. Radiol., 9: No. 6, 43-6(June 1964). (In Russian)

Lagochylus, a new styptic, was used in experiments on mice, rats, and dogs subjected to a single subcutaneous introduction of polonium (0.1 to 0.05 millicurie/kg body weight). It was found that the isolated use of lagochylus proved to be insufficiently effective in respect to the life expectation of experimental animals, however it exerted a positive influence on the restoration of processes of permeability and skin capillary fragility. The effect was best when lagochylus was combined with unithiol. The latter is a good agent facilitating the excretion of polonium from the organism. A combination of lagochylus and unithiol produced an effective result on the course of the radiation reaction. (auth)

33413 CIGEROL AND LINOL TREATMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL RADIATION INJURIES OF THE SKIN. A. T. Sosnovskii (Minsk Medical Inst., USSR and Belorussian Research Inst. of Research, Dermatological and Venereal Diseases, USSR). Med. Radiol., 9: No. 6, 46-7(June 1964). (In Russian)

During cigerol treatment of radiation ulcers in 28 guinea pigs caused by unfiltered x rays, a complete recovery took place after 62.3 = 1.9 days. During linol treatment in 27 guinea pigs the radiation ulcers healed after 76.6 = 2.54 days. The difference in the terms of ulcer healing during the local use of cigerol and linol is statistically significant. Cigerol is more effective than linol in the treatment diation ulcers. (auth)

33409 RADIOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF THE CHLORIDES OF Na, Ca, AND Mg ON THE GROWTH OF BARLEY. C. Gillet and G. Lennes (Universite, Liege). Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol., 158: 205-10(1964). (In French)

The modifications introduced in the growth of irradiated barley by pretreatment with alkaline or alkaline-earth salts were studied in order to define the limits of their radioprotective effects and to interpret their effective mechanism. Twelve hours before irradiation barley seeds were placed in 0.5M solutions of NaCl, MgCl2, or CaCl2. The seeds were then exposed to doses from 250 to 12,000 R. The seeds were germinated under normal conditions. The results show that the radioprotective effect obtained is very strong. The growth of the coleoptile and the first leaf of the treated seeds was significantly greater than that of seeds placed in distilled water. (J.S.R.) 33410 THE EFFECT OF RNA AND MONONUCLEOTIDES ON THE RESTORATION OF RADIOLESIONS AND ON THE RADIORESISTANCE IN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. J. Maisin and E. van Duyse (Institut du Cancer, Louvain, Belg.). Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol., 158: 395-7(1964). (In French)

Yeast cultures were exposed to x-ray doses from 35,000 to 85,000 R. After irradiation the colonies were placed on a medium enriched in RNA at a dose of 5 y/ml. The addition of the RNA increased the viability of the cultures up to exposures of 55,000 R. The restoration of radiolesions resulting from 60,000-R exposures appeared, however, impossible. The addition of the alkaline hydrolyse of RNA to the culture had the same effect on the culture survival as the addition of RNA. (J.S.R.)

33414

THE QUESTION OF THE RADIOPROTECTION EFFICIENCY OF HISTAMINE IN MICE. H.-J. Melching, C. Streffer, H.-A. Ladner, and U. Allert (Universität, Freiburg i. B.). Naturwissenschaften, 51: 266(1964). (In German)

The radioprotection efficiency of histamine in mice was investigated in order to obtain initial data for the determination of the possible mechanism of this substance. White male mice were exposed to x-ray doses of 690, 810, 955, and 1050 R. The survival of the mice receiving histamine dihydrochloride or histamine diphosphate 15 min before the irradiation was determined 30 days later. The calculation of the dose effect curve gave a dose reduction factor of 1.83 for LD50/30 for the dihydrochloride and 1.81 for the diphosphate. The results showed a good protective effect in the sense of an increase of the survival rate could be obtained with histamine. The results suggest that the action mechanism of histamine is similar to that of cysteine, cysteamine, or serotonin. (J.S.R.)

33415 THERAPEUTIC MODIFICATIONS OF THE RADIATION DAMAGE IN RATS BY SPLENECTOMY.

of 144 Ce + 144Pr resulted in the death of 100% of the animals within 10 days; 90% died within the first 5 days. Treatment with DTPA was found to protect all the animals for 100 days after an internal exposure. The protective action is based on the acceleration of the removal of 144 Ce from the organism, causing a marked reduction of the internal tissue dose. (TTT)

33418 A RADIOPROTECTIVE THIOSULPHATEBETAINE. (to Thiokol Chemical Corp.). British Patent 964,239. July 22, 1964. Priority date Dec. 22, 1961, United States.

A radioprotective compound is described which is watersoluble, nontoxic at the dosages which provide radioprotection, and is easily prepared. The compound is 2-N-methylammonium-ethylthiosulfuric acid and can be prepared by reaction of N-methyl-ß-chloroethylamine hydrochloride with an alkali metal thiosulfate. Examples are given of its preparation, and data are given on its radioprotective activity in mice exposed to 800 r x rays, as compared to that of similar compounds. (D.L.C.)

Radiation Hazards and Protection

H.-A. Ladner and J. Schneider (Universität, Freiburg i. B.). Naturwissenschaften, 51: 266-7(1964). (In German)

The therapeutic effect of a splenectomy after whole-body irradiation was investigated in male Wistar rats. The rats were exposed to doses of 810, 890, 955, and 1050 R, with splenectomy 1, 3, and 24 hrs after irradiation. The survival rate was determined 30 days after irradiation. The results showed that splenectomy 1 hr after irradiation with 810 and 890 R gave only a slight increase in the survival rate, but an increase of the survival rate in animals exposed to 955 R was obtained by splenectomy 1 hr after irradiation. No therapeutic effect was detected in rats exposed to 1050 R. The highest survival rate was observed at an interval of 24 hr between irradiation with 955 R and splenectomy. (J.S.R.) 33416 EFFECT OF CERTAIN HORMONES ON HEMOPOIESIS AND THE SURVIVAL RATE OF IRRADIATED MICE OF STRAIN S 57/6. E. E. Ogandzhanyan, E. A. Pereyshvili, and I. G. Batikyan (Lenin Medical Inst., Moscow and Radiobiology Section, Academy of Sciences, Armenian SSR). Probl. Endokrinol. i Gormonoterap., 10: No. 2, 107-10(Mar.-Apr. 1964).

Investigations were made to determine the prophylactic and therapeutic effect of testosterone propionate, synestrol, and the combination of synestrol and splenin on the blood picture and the survival rate of black mice strain S 57/6 irradiated with doses of 600 R. The animals were divided into a control group, and several experimental groups to which the preparations were administered separately or in combinations prior to irradiation. Observations of 28 days established that the therapeutic application of splenin in combination with synestrol led to the early restoration of the number of leukocytes in the peripheral blood, and intensified the regenerative processes, increasing the survival rate of the animals by 49.9%; the therapeutic application of splenin alone increased the survival rate of the animals from 18.7 to 50%; the prophylactic application of splenin reduced the mortality rate of the irradiated mice from 81.3 to 66.7%; the therapeutic and prophylactic application of testosterone propionate had no effect on radiation sickness and failed to increase the survival rate of the animals; the therapeutic application of synestrol induced 100% lethality of the mice. (OTS) 33417 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIETHYLENE TRIAMINE PENTAACETIC ACID IN THE CASE OF CONTAMINATION BY ABSOLUTELY LETHAL DOSES OF CERIUM-144. L. A. Il'in, N. I. Lukash, and T. A. Norets (Scientific Research Inst. of Health Physics, Leningrad). Radiobiologiya, 4: 435-9(1964). (In Russian)

Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) is one of the best agents for accelerating the removal of the radioisotopes Ce, Y, La, Zn, and Pu from an organism. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of this compound, the survival rate of animals subjected to internal exposure at the lethal dose level was determined on the basis of the influence of the complexing agent on the tissue dose. Male white mice were used for the tests, introducing subperitoneally the 144ce, in equilibrium with its daughter 144 Pr, in the form of a 144CeCl, solution; a 4t counter was used to measure the absolute ß activity. In order to take into account the possible incorporation of Ce, stable CeCl, was administered to one of the control groups. The DTPA was introduced in the form of a solution of its trisodium-calcium salt first, 10 minutes before the contaminating agent and again during the following 4 days, repeating the process after an interruption of 3 days. The results showed that such parenteral contamination of the mice with 14.6 uc/g

33419 WEIGHED GONADAL DIAGNOSTIC ROENTGENRAY DOSES IN A TEACHING HOSPITAL WITH COMMENTS ON X-RAY DOSAGES TO THE GENERAL POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES. Robert N. Cooley and Lucas B. Beentjes (Univ. of Texas, Galveston). Am. J. Roentgenol., Radium Therapy Nucl. Med., 92: 404-17 (Aug. 1964).

Some of the literature regarding the assessment of annual genetic dose to the general population of the United States, United Kingdom, and Sweden, is reviewed. All the x-ray procedures performed in a medium-sized teaching hospital at the University of Texas Medical Branch over a 2/2 year period (219,590 examinations) were classified according to type of examination, age, and sex. The average gonadal dose delivered during the performance of each of these procedures was determined from direct measurements from ionization chambers placed on the scrotum or in the rectum or vagina; from tables relating the gonadal dose to skin dose; and by measuring doses administered to phantoms. (auth) 33420 RADIOBIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS POSED BY THE UTILIZATION OF RADIOISOTOPES. J.-A. Henry. Bull. Inform. Assoc. Belge Develop. Pacifique Energie At., 9: No. 49, 20-5(Apr. 1964). (In French)

The radiobiological problems posed by the use of radioisotopes are illustrated by a consideration of the problems in the use of radioiodine and the processing of plutonium. Areas in which further study is necessary are indicated. (J.S.R.) 33421 SOME ISSUES OF RADIATION PROTECTION IN THE THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION OF RADIOACTIVE IODINE. M. I. Enikeev. Gigiena i Sanit., No. 1, 44-9(1964).

Certain aspects of the radiation effect produced on personnel of medical institutions by 1311 used for treatment of thyrotoxicosis are considered. Available data show medical personnel are exposed to radiation doses well below the maximum permissible level. (auth) 33422 DENTAL MANAGEMENT OF THE ORAL EFFECTS OF RADIOTHERAPY. John E. Robinson (Univ. of Chicago). J. Prosthetic Dentistry, 14: 582-7(May-June 1964).

The clinical entity of radiation mucositis and glossitis, which develops in conjunction with such radiation therapy

about the region of the head, is described with reference to case material. (TCO)

33423 THE MODIFICATION OF THE TERATOGENIC AND LETHAL EFFECTS OF IRRADIATION TO THE MAMMALIAN FETUS. Robert L. Brent (Jefferson Medical Coll., Philadelphia). p.451-62 of “The Proceedings of an International Symposium on the Effects of Ionizing Radiation, in the Reproductive System.” New York, Pergamon Press, 1963.

The results of modifying the effects of x irradiation are discussed with specific reference to the embryo of rats and mice. The conditions or agents which tended to reduce the effects of irradiation were the sulfhydryl group of compounds, hypoxia, uterine vascular clamping, embryonic shielding, irradiation at reduced ambient temperature, and fractionation and protraction of the dose of irradiation under certain circumstances. The conditions or agents which did not reduce the effects of irradiation were bone marrow, liver or spleen infusions, post-irradiation, placental shielding on the 12th day, maternal shielding on the 9th day of gestation, ovarian shielding on the 6th day of gestation, progesterone injections throughout pregnancy, and in certain instances protraction and fractionation of the dose or irradiation. (auth)

33424 PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS AND CLINICAL FINDINGS OF PERSONS WITH RADIUM BURDENS. H. Muth and E. Oberhausen (Universität, Saar, Homburg, Ger.). Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, 1964, Preprint SM-52/61, 17p. (CONF-448-25)

From IAEA Symposium of the Assessment of Radioactive Body Burdens in Man, Heidelberg, May 1964.

Results of physical measurements and some clinical findings on persons with radium burdens are reported and discussed. Ten workers in the dial painting industry, two chemists, who have been working for between 10 and 20 years in the radium industry, one technician, who has been working for over 20 years with high-emanation radium preparations, and one person with high radium intake of unknown history were measured in a whole-body counter for evaluation of the body burdens of 226Ra and 228 Ra + 228 Ac. In some cases the radon concentration of expired air was also measured. For four of the measured persons the 226 Ra burden is of the order of the maximum permissible amount (MPA: 10-7 C) or more. In one case the burden amounts to more than three times the MPA, (3.4 x 10-?C), in another case to more than 100 times the MPA (160 x 10-7 C). In one case the 228 Ra + 228 Ac burden exceeds the MPA (6 x 10-8 C in bone). The measured radon concentrations in the expired air were used to calculate the excretion rate of radon. The average was 67%. Clinical findings with some of the measured persons are related to the measured body burdens. The patient with the high body burden of 160 x 10-7 C 226Ra shows heavy bone changes leading to spontaneous bone fractures. The blood picture shows a decrease in the number of erythrocytes and a low hemoglobin content but puncture of the sternum indicates normal hematopoiesis. It seems that the low number of erythrocytes is caused by chronic nephropathia, the reason for which might be an additional intake of uranium because uranium was found in the urine by gamma spectroscopy. The results are discussed with respect to the MPA of 226Ra recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. (auth)

(Universität, Saar, Homburg, Ger.). Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, 1964, Preprint SM-62/62, 21p. (CONF-448-26)

From IAEA Symposium of the Assessment of Radioactive Body Burdens in Man, Heidelberg, May 1964.

Thoron was continuously measured in the expired air of 45 thorotrast patients by flowing the breath through an ionization chamber. A short description of the method and equipment is given, and the results are discussed. The average value of the rate of thoron being exhaled depends on the kind of thorotrast depot. This value is higher if the ThO2 is deposited only or mainly in the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and smaller if there are bigger depositions outside the RES. The reason for these differences in exhalation rates is discussed. The rate of thoron escaping from the site of deposition into blood and the rate of thoron in blood which is excreted by breath is determined. The fraction of thoron decaying inside the lungs is estimated. The mean value of all measurements of exhaled thoron is 7%. For depositions mainly in the RES the mean value is 9%, for depositions outside the RES 4%. About 20% of thoron escapes from the site of formation. About 9% decays in blood and about 4% in the lungs. (H.M.G.) 33426 MEASUREMENTS AND CLINICAL FINDINGS ON THOROTRAST DEPOSITS IN THE KIDNEY. E. Oberhausen, H. Muth, and R. Grillmaier (Universitat, Saar, Homburg, Ger.). Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, 1964, Preprint SM-52/63, 18p. (CONF-448-27)

From IAEA Symposium of the Assessment of Radioactive Body Burdens in Man, Heidelberg, May 1964.

Under normal conditions all thorotrast is swept out of the kidney with the urine. But if it was applied under higher pressure or if there existed an infection of the kidney, part of the thorot rast might be deposited in the tissues. It is possible that a high number of these deposits is not recognized in x-ray pictures because they look very similar to calcium deposits. Seven such cases were found in the last years. When there was only a deposit in one kidney, which was the case in six patients, the organ was taken out. Histological examination showed five carcinomas and in one kidney enormous degenerative changes. According to the observations the time necessary for carcinoma development is between 20 and 25 years. In two cases the patient was monitored in the whole-body counter to measure the radioactive substances in the urine and the thoron in the breath. All measurements were done before and after nephrectomy. The gamma rays of the isolated organ itself were also measured. From these measurements, an evaluation of radiation dose is possible. (H.M.G.) 33427 THE TIME ANALYSIS AND FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF CESIUM-137 FALLOUT IN MUSCLE SAMPLES. W. H. Ellett and G. L. Brownell (Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston). Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, 1964, Preprint SM-52/64, 15p. (CONF448-28)

From IAEA Symposium of the Assessment of Radioactive Body Burdens in Man, Heidelberg, May 1964.

A meaningful evaluation of the nuclear fallout hazard can only be made if the frequency distribution of radioactivity in the population is known. Attempts to determine the shape of the distribution curve from Kulp's data on 'Sr in children's bones have met limited success because of the small sample size and lack of strontium-90-calcium equilibrium in bone. To overcome these limitations, the cesium-137 contents in approximately 900 muscle samples were measured. The tissue samples were removed during postmortem operations from January 1959 to August 1963. The

33425 MEASUREMENT OF THORON IN BREATH OF THOROTRAST PATIENTS AND EVALUATION OF THE RESULTS. R. Grillmaier, H. Muth, and E. Oberhausen

use of cesium-137 as a fission product monitor assures that all members of the group, regardless of their age, were essentially in equilibrium with the radioactive environment at the time of death. Average cesium-137 in the samples was relatively constant throughout 1959, decreased a factor of two during 1960, and remained relatively stable until the early summer of 1962. Since mid-1962 the average level of cesium-137 radioactivity in the samples steadily increased and was fourfold greater than the 1962 minimum by the summer of 1963. Time-independent histograms of the data were assembled by fitting a polynomial to the raw data (sample radioactivity as a function of data of death). These data were tested statistically against normal, lognormal, and gamma frequency distributions. Results indicate that the experimental distribution is definitely not gaussian and is best fitted by a gamma distribution. By using the empirically derived gamma distribution it is possible to predict the fraction of the population having N times the average activity for any level of fallout. This model was tested for the fourfold increase in activity since mid1962 and was found to accurately predict the present distribution of cesium-137 between individual members of the sample population. (auth)

M. L. Remy. Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, 1964, Preprint SM-52/80, 11p. (CONF-448-3). (In French)

From IAEA Symposium of the Assessment of Radioactive Body Burdens in Man, Heidelberg, May 1964.

The levels and evolution of activities in workers in the nuclear industry, the population at large, and workers in certain conventional industries (particularly engine mechanics for transcontinental jet aircraft) were followed from late 1961 through early 1964. Contamination by fission products with short and average lives was considered, together with body burdens of 137Cs and ''Sr. The activity of

137Cs in milk was followed over the same period. (D.C.W.) 33430 A CONSIDERATION OF BASIC RADIATION PROTECTION GUIDES APPLICABLE TO THE GENERAL POPULATION. [Paul C. Tompkins). 15p. (CONF-623-1)

From American Medical Association Congress on Environmental Health Problems, Chicago, May 1964.

Radiation protection guides applicable to the general populations are reviewed with emphasis on those issued by the Federal Radiation Council. It is pointed out that the introduction of the non-threshold, statistical risk concept has had the effect of putting scientific judgments of doseeffect relationships and political judgments concerned with national welfare on a somewhat equal footing particularly when exposure of the general population is a factor in proposing basic Radiation Protection Guides. Once a consensus on an acceptable balance between the benefit of an activity leading to radiation exposure and the biological risk associated with that exposure has been reached, one has an acceptable standard. However, one also has a standard that cannot be easily changed in either direction. It cannot be decreased without decreasing the benefits due to the greater burden of meeting the requirements and it is possible to lower them far enough to eliminate any practical benefit whatsoever. Also, they cannot be raised without imposing a greater risk than that which was considered acceptable even though from scientific knowledge it is not known what the effect actually is at either level. Applications of the Radiation Protection Guides issued by the Federal Radiation Council in estimating radiation hazards from fallout fission product contamination of the environment are discussed. (C.H.)

33428 FORMULATION OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE RADIATION EXPOSURE OF TISSUES AND THE EXCRETION RATE OF NUCLIDES. E. E. Pochin (University Coll. Hospital Medical School, London). Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, 1964, Preprint SM-52/81, 17p. (CONF-448-31)

From IAEA Symposium of the Assessment of Radioactive Body Burdens in Man, Heidelberg, May 1964.

The organization of protection against undue occupational exposure to internal radiation involves several processes: decisions as to the highest dose rates, for the body or for particular organs, that can be regarded as permissible; estimation of the intakes and body burdens that cause any such dose rates to be reached or sustained; monitoring of exposed individuals to determine what fraction of a permissible body burden of any nuclide is retained in the body; and techniques of monitoring by whole-body counting or by data on excretion or exhalation rates. Several major problems are involved: for most radionuclides, insufficient metabolic data are available to link tissue dose rates either with body burdens or with excretion rates; the large variability between different subjects in physiological functions such as excretion or clearance rates limits severely the inferences that can be made from isolated human observations, and restricts also the deductions as to body burden that can be drawn from the excretion rates observed in any individual; the complex variation of excretion rate with time after a single intake of many nuclides prevents any direct deduction of body burden from excretion rate when the time course of intake is unknown; many radionuclides of particular importance may show initial rapid excretion of the fraction of intake which is not so concentrated, and much slower and more prolonged excretion of the retained part; and the formulations of ICRP, which are commonly based on simple exponential models, may be inappropriate for relating excretion rate to body burden in any individual in the case of nuclides which mix in, and are excreted from, multicompartment systems in the body. These situations require special review in the light of evidence as to the earliest phases of turnover. (H.M.G.)

Radiotherapy and Radiodiagnosis

33431 (TID-20856) THE USE OF THERMAL AND EPITHERMAL NEUTRONS IN THE TREATMENT OF NEOPLASMS. Final Report. William H. Sweet (Massachusetts. General Hospital. Neurosurgical Service, Boston). [1964). Contract AT(30-1)-1093. 30p.

When 10B captures a slow neutron the resultant compound nucleus disintegrates at once to yield a Li atom, on a particle, and 2.4 Mev of energy shared between these two relatively large masses. With this energy and size they travel about 10u in living tissue so that the destructive effect is limited to the cell containing the disintegrating B atom or to its immediate neighbor. The use of this reaction for the differential destruction of tumor cells was investigated, with emphasis on applications in the treatment of malignant brain tumors. The advantages and disadvantages of B slow neutron capture therapy are reviewed. Methods for neutron dosimetry, the pharmacology of B compounds, and tumor/brain boron ratios are discussed. Clinical data are included for 19 patients with a diagnosis of glioblastoma or medulloblastoma treated by this method. (C.H.)

33429 FIRST RESULTS OF A SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF INTERNAL CONTAMINATION RESULTING FROM RADIOACTIVE FALLOUT. P. Pellerin, J. P. Moroni, and

33432 BRAIN-TUMOR DIAGNOSTICS WITH POSITRON RADIATION. 0. Wilcke. Acta Neurochir., 10: 301-19 (1962). (In German)

The results of investigations with the positron scanner in patients injected with ? As or 64 Cu are described. In two hundred and eighty-six patients investigated, of whom 160 had cerebral tumors, 76% of the brain tumors were localized. Meningiomata, abscesses, and metastases showed the most positive results. The certainty with which tumors may be excluded is about the same as the accuracy with which they are recognized. From these experiences, it was concluded that the positron scanning technique is a welcome addition to diagnosis by contrast media. (C.H.) 33433 SCINTILLATION SCANNING OF KIDNEYS: A PITFALL OF INTERPRETATION IN RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Maria G. Buse, Dyrc F. Sibrans, and John Buse (Medical Coll. of South Carolina, Charleston). Ann. Internal Med., 60: 857-65(May 1964).

Use of renal scanning with chlormerodrin-203Hg is questioned in uremic patients. In renal scans performed on four patients with uremia 50 min after injection of 150 uc of chlormerodrin-203 Hg, the right kidney was obscured by the increased radioactivity of the liver. Increasing the time interval between injection of contrast material and scan did not improve resolution. Since visualization of the liver on a renal scan suggests the presence of renal failure, it is recommended that such scans in uremic patients should be interpreted with caution. (H.M.G.) 33434 PLANNING RADIATION TREATMENT ON THE COMPUTER. Theodor D. Sterling and Harold Perry (Univ. of Cincinnati). Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 115: 976-97 (July 31, 1964).

Once digitizing of per cent dose distributions are accomplished, either by methods of hand digitizing or by fitting equations to dose surfaces, the computer can be used to print out the dose distribution resulting from any multiple field arrangements of treatment beams. This makes it possible to plan and replan treatments according to each individual patient's needs. Furthermore, the radiologist now has the opportunity to study the effect of different treatment conditions on dose distribution. It is shown that some constellation of treatment beams lead to unique patterns of high and low dose areas. These patterns may be used to fit particular patient need and to ensure optimum treatment situations. (auth) 33435 PATIENT SIMULATION IN X-RAY THERAPY. William Siler, Frank Ritter, and John S. Laughlin (Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York). Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 115: 1038-48(July 31, 1964).

A mathematical model is described for use in planning x ray therapy of tumors that permits simulating the treatment of the patient on either a digital or an analog computer. (C.H.) 33436 A NUCLEAR NEEDLE FOR USE IN NEUROSURGERY. S. Mullan, P. V. Harper, E. Tani, G. Vailati, and K. A. Lathrop (Univ. of Chicago). J. Neurosurg., 20: 940-7(1963).

Fifty-four mC of strontium-90 were sealed hermetically in the terminal 6 mm of a 19-gauge stainless-steel needle. Measurements of dose surrounding this source were made in a phantom of lucite (which is very slightly denser than tissue). One hundred experimental lesions were made in brains of animals and were examined histologically up to 240 days after insertion. Lesions following periods of irradiation of greater than 30 min are unsatisfactory because of hemorrhage into the necrotic area. Lesions fol

lowing irradiations of less than 30 min are predictable in size. There is an inner area of necrosis which reaches its maximum by the 3rd day, middle area of degeneration which reaches maximum activity by the 12th day, but in which degeneration continues up to the 60th or even the 90th day and an outer area of edema, which probably is without physiological significance. These zones were measured and the 15-minute lesion has been discussed in detail. (Excerpta Med., Sect. XXIII, 1: No. 6 (June 1964)) 33437 EVALUATION OF THE RESIN UPTAKE OF 1131 TRIIODOTHYRONINE AS A TEST OF THYROID FUNCTION. Edith H. Quimby and Elizabeth Hiza (College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York). J. Nucl. Med., 5: 489-99(July 1964).

An in vitro test of thyroid function was evaluated in a series of about 1000 measurements. The test consists in adding to the patient's serum a known amount of 1311 labeled triiodothyronine, mixing this with an ion-exchange resin, and measuring the amount of radioactive iodine absorbed by the resin. All uptake or absorption values are related to that obtained with a sample from a large pool of mixed sera (chemistry laboratory or blood bank) which is assumed to represent the normal individual. On the basis of the reading of this sample as 1.0 values from 0.80 to 1.30 indicate euthyroidism. Above 1.30 the indication is for hyperthyroidism and below 0.80, for hypothyroidism. In a series of 383 individuals clinically euthyroid, 3 per cent gave unduly high readings and 4 per cent unduly low. This is better than would be expected of the 24-hour 1311 uptake test. Of 57 hyperthyroids, 4 per cent gave readings in the euthyroid range; of 72 clinically hypothyroids, 14 per cent gave readings in the euthyroid range; (this is comparable to the 1311 uptake). Adolescents and children give readings in the adult euthyroid region. The very young children tend to be in the lower part of the range; the teen-agers fall in the center. Very early in pregnancy the value for the euthyroid woman drops into the low hypothyroid range and remains there until a few weeks post-partum. It is not suggested that this test replace the 24-hour uptake, or any other currently employed test. It is an addition to the battery of tests available. It does have the outstanding advantage of not being influenced by previous medication with iodine. It is somewhat more difficult and time consuming than the standard uptake test, but no more so than the protein-bound iodine test. (auth) 33438 STUDIES ON DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CANCER WITH RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES. REPORT I. DIAGNOSIS OF ESOPHAGUS CANCER WITH RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS (P32). C. S. Koh (Seoul National Univ., Korea), Y. S. Chang, W. Y. Soh, J, K, Lee, M. Lee, S. K. Kim, E, H, Yoo, and C. J. Kim. Korean J. Internal Med., 6: 715-20 (1963). (In Korean)

The diagnostic accuracy of 32P was evaluated in three patients with esophagus cancer. The patients in fasting state were pretreated with morphine and atropine in order to reduce the saliva and mucus secretion. After the intravenous administration of 32P in doses of 200 to 400 microcuries, the pharynx was topically anesthesized with 5% hydrochloric cocaine, which was followed by slow insertion of a micro-GM tube to the cardia portion of the stomach. The tube was then pulled out at an interval of 1 cm and the activity was counted or directly recorded on a ratemeter during 4 to 24 hours after the administration of 32p. The differences of activity by 30% from normal was considered not to be significant. This method appeared to have advantages in that the presence of neoplastic tissues in the esophagus could be numerically or graphically detected

Page 24

with more ease and preciseness, while esophagoscopy, which invariably needs proficient skills, is impossible in some cases. Moreover, the radiological study also infrequently misses the early cancerous changes especially of the esophago-cardiac portion. Phosphorus-32 seemed to be very valuable in overcoming the disadvantages encountered with such conventional diagnostic methods. (auth)

33439 EXPERIENCES WITH RADIOACTIVE COLLOIDAL GOLD IN THE TREATMENT OF PLEURAL EFFUSION CAUSED BY METASTATIC CANCER OF THE BREAST. Thomas W. Botsford (Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Boston). New Engl. J. Med., 270: 552-5(Mar. 12, 1964).

Of various methods for ameliorating pleural effusion 198

Au was found to be a most effective, relatively simple palliative treatment. The theoretical advantages of 198 Au presented include: short half life; radiation spectrum; particle size; particle concentration; and the fact that it is in a fluid medium with many point sources of radiation. The mechanisms by which the diffuse radiation from 198 Au decreases the rate of formation of pleural effusion are probably a direct effect on the cancer cells in the fluid, an effect on the implants on the pleura, submesothelial fibrosis, and obliteration of serosal blood vessels. Disadvantages in the use of 198 Au are listed and it is concluded that despite the disadvantages of expense and radiation hazard, 198 Au is one of the best methods of treating malignant pleural effusion caused by carcinoma of the breast. (TCO)

33443 IMAGE-RETAINING PANEL: AN EVALUATION OF ITS USE IN DENTISTRY. Albert G, Richards (Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor). Oral Surg. Oral Med, Oral Pathol., 16: 1317-25(Nov. 1963).

The possible value of the image-retaining panel to dentistry was examined. The image-retaining panel is composed of a thin layer of zinc cadmium sulfide phosphor sandwiched between two electrically conducting plates, the front one of which is transparent. A 60-v battery is connected to the two conducting plates to supply the direct current required to operate the panel. To determine the effect of x rays on the image-retaining panel, the maxillary anterior region of a skull was exposed, and an image was produced which was similar to a fluoroscopic image with all the gradations in density reversed from their normal appearance in a radiograph. In tests of the sensitivity of the image-retaining panel to the range of energies used in dental radiography, it was shown that images can be recorded by the panel with either 65 or 90 kvp. It is concluded that the advantages of the image-retaining panel in dentistry over the present radiographic films are few. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed. (TCO)

33444 THE DETECTION AND TREATMENT OF POSTIRRADIATIONALLY RECIDIVATED CANCERS OF THE CERVIX UTERI. Ronald K, Gary, José M. Sala, and John S. Spratt (Ellis Fischel State Cancer Hospital, Columbia, Mo.). Radiology, 83: 208-18 (Aug. 1964).

The value of follow-up examinations in the detection of post-irradiation persistent or recurrent carcinomas of the cervix uteri is discussed. A 1962 study of 554 patients treated between 1950 and 1959 for carcinoma of the cervix uteri showed that persistent or recurrent cancer had developed in 299. Of these cancers, 58.7% were persistent and 40.7% were recurrent. The results of this study are analyzed for information on the time elapsed after irradiation when persistent or recurrent cancers become evident, the signs and symptoms, and the efficacy of additional treatment. (C.H.)

33440 TECHNIQUE FOR DETERMINATION OF DIGESTIVE ABSORPTION OF IRON USING AN INERT RADIOACTIVE INDICATOR. Y. Najean and Nicole Ardaillou. Nouvelle Rev. Franc. Hematol., 3: 82-3(Jan. - Feb. 1963). (In French)

A double tracer technique is described for the determination of Fe absorption during digestion. The method uses 59 Fe and 131 BaSO4. Intestinal Fe absorption is calculated on the basis of the amount of SO,Fe and 131Ba eliminated. The method gave good results in animal studies and possible diagnostic applications are discussed. (C.H.) 33441 STUDY OF MEDULLARY CIRCULATION IN MAN BY AN ISOTOPIC TECHNIQUE. Y. Najean and F. Clément (Hopital Saint-Louis, Paris). Nouvelle Rev. Franc. Hematol., 3: 133-8 (Jan.- Feb. 1963). (In French)

After the intra-medullary injection of Na, CrOto rabbits and human subjects there were two phases in the appearance of radioactivity at the periphery. The second was exponential and appeared to correspond with the period of diffusion and of equilibration between the substance injected and the vascular space. This did not vary in the pathological conditions studied. The first phase was very rapid and appeared to correspond with the direct intravascular introduction of the tracer: it therefore gives some indication of the medullary blood flow. It is greatly diminished in myeloid splenomegalies. (auth)

33445 STUDY OF SIMPLIFIED METHODS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF COMPLETE ISODOSE DISTRIBUTIONS IN ROTATIONAL COBALT TELE THERAPY. TRUNK: HORIZONTAL 360° CENTRAL ROTATION. Roy E. Summers, Joseph P. Concannon, and David P. Leone (Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh). Radiology, 83: 231-42(Aug. 1964).

Various simplifications in construction of isodose distributions for cobalt-60 rotational teletherapy are described. An isodose plan prepared for a circular contour for a specific field size in the direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation could be used as the isodose distribution for contours of different size and shape with a reasonable degree of accuracy. Within all contours, linear relationships were found to exist between the position of each rotational isodose per cent line and the size of field perpendicular to the axis of rotation. Correction factors were developed to adjust the position of rotational isodose per cent lines derived for circular contours to give accurate position of rotational isodose per cent lines within contours of oval shape. A system involving the use of two graphs for the determination of the position of rotational isodose per cent lines has been described. Relatively accurate and complete rotational isodose distributions can be prepared in a minimum of time with this system. (auth)

33442 REPRESENTATION OF THE PANCREAS BY SCINTOGRAPHY. C. Biagini, A. Centi Colella, and F. Pigorini (Università, Rome). Nuntius Radiol., 29: 935-9 (Dec. 1963). (In Italian)

Good representation of the pancreas was obtained in normal subjects by external scintillation counting after the administration of 75se-methionine. Diagnostic applications of the technique are discussed. (C.H.)

33446 REMOTE AFTER LOADING WITH INTRACAVITARY APPLICATORS. Ulrich K. Henschke, Basil S.

33447 (IA-893) ACTIVITIES OF THE CHEMISTRY DIVISION. M. Anbar (Israel. Atomic Energy Commission. Soreq Research Establishment, Rehovoth). Sept. 1963. 8p. (CONF-426-5)

From IAEA Study Group Meeting on Research Reactor Utilization, Athens, Sept. 1963.

A brief outline is presented of the activities of the Inorganic Chemistry, Nuclear Chemistry, and Radiation Chemistry departments of the Soreq Research Establishment. Analytical services, isotope separation, and industrial applications of isotopes are also considered. (D.L.C.) 33448 (IDO-14644) ADSORPTION OF YOUNG FISSION PRODUCTS ON VARIOUS SURFACES FROM NEUTRAL AND DILUTE ACID MEDIA: APPLICATION TO WATER SAMPLE COLLECTION FOR STEP PROGRAMS. Robert E. Foster, William J. Maeck, and James E. Rein (Phillips Petroleum Co. Atomic Energy Div., Idaho Falls,

, Idaho). Jan. 17, 1964. Contract AT(10-1)-205. 12p.

In the STEP reactor accident study programs, water samples and moisture-saturated atmosphere plateout samples will be submitted for analysis of various fission product nuclides. This study was undertaken to measure the adsorption of young fission products on various surfaces proposed for use in these programs. On all surfaces studied, the adsorption of fission products increased with contact time. The most strongly adsorbed nuclides are Mo-99Tc and Te - 1321. The presence of complexing agents retarded the degree of adsorption. (auth) 33449 (NIRS-2 (p.15-19) CHEMISTRY. (Japan. National Inst. of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo).

Experiments on gamma radiation effects on stability of barium sulfate sol, chemical analysis and radioactivity determination of Co in Fe, radiochemical determination of 137Cs in human urine, ion exchange equilibrium between Cs and phenol-sulfonic-acid-type cation exchange resin, concentration of radioruthenium in sea water by ferric hydroxide resin, recording of uv light absorbing spots on paper chromatograms, and protein-binding of carcinogenic aminoa zo dyes are reported. (P.C.H.) 33450 (N YO-2757-4) ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF KRYPTON-85 AS A UNIVERSAL TRACER. Quarterly Report, November 1, 1963 - January 31, 1964. (Parametrics, Inc., Waltham, Mass.). Contract AT(30-1)-2757. 13p.

Various materials were kryptonated: nichrome wire, Ba(ClO4)2, CaSO4, and fine Fe2O3 powders. Progress is summarized for the determination of trace water in organic liquids using CaC, 85Kr and of methane in air using kryptonated PtO2. The release of 85Kr with time from stressed, kryptonated nichrome wire was studied. (D.L.C.) 33451 (ORNL-3654) FABRICATION OF THE VERTICAL-ORIFICE TEFLON CAPILLARY OF A TEFLON DROPPING-MERCURY ELECTRODE. Helen P. Raaen and Ralph L. Clark (Oak Ridge National Lab., Tenn.). Aug. 1964. Contract W-7405-eng-26. 23p.

A procedure was developed for fabricating the verticalorifice Teflon capillary of a Teflon dropping-mercury electrode (D.M.E.). The capillary will be used for rapid polarography of glass-corroding solutions. Special tools were designed and built for use in the fabrication. The

fabrication procedure is a modification and extension of that developed earlier for making Teflon D.M.E. capillaries that have the orifice in the horizontal plane. By means of a micro drill press and a micro drill, the vertical orifice is drilled in a lapped vertical face of the capillary blank. During the drilling, the capillary blank is held in a special jig, which is mounted on the table of the drill press. If the desired orifice diameter is about 100 u or larger, a micro twist drill is used; for smaller diameters, a micro pivot drill is used. Several capillaries that have orifice diameters of about 70 u and 100 u were made. (auth) 33452 (ORNL-P-145) RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN DC POLAROGRAPHY. D. J. Fisher, W. L. Belew, and M. T. Kelley (Oak Ridge National Lab., Tenn.). (1964). Contract [W-7405-eng-26). 117p. (CONF-599-3)

. From 3rd International Congress of Polarography, Southampton, Eng., July 1964.

A summary is presented of the ORNL work in controlledpotential d-c polarography since mid-1959. Among the topics discussed are potentiostatic compensation, timederivative d-c polarography, signal-to-noise ratio, resolution, and polarography in nonaqueous solvents. (D.L.C.) 33453 ADVANCES IN CATALYSIS AND RELATED SUBJECTS. VOLUME 14. D. D. Eley, Herman Pines, and Paul B. Weisz, eds. Advan. Catalysis, 14: 1-522(1963). New York, Academic Press, 1963. $16.00.

Information is included on: quantum conversion in chloroplasts; catalytic decomposition of formic acid; application of spectrophotometry to the study of catalytic systems; hydrogenation of pyridines and quinolines; flash desorption, field emission microscopy, and ultrahigh vacuum techniques in surface kinetics; and catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons. Separate abstracts were prepared for the chapters on quantum conversion and surface kinetics. (P.C.H.)

For abstracts of individual papers see: 33218 and 33454.

33454 MODERN METHODS IN SURFACE KINETICS. FLASH DESORPTION, FIELD EMISSION MICROSCOPY, AND ULTRAHIGH VACUUM TECHNIQUES. Gert Ehrlich (General Electric Research Lab., Schenectady, N. Y.). Advan. Catalysis, 14: 255-427(1963).

A review is presented on macroscopic rate studies; field electron microscopy, field ion microscopy, and ultrahigh vacuum techniques in surface kinetics, 135 references are included. (P.C.H.) 33455 NUCLEAR AND RADIOCHEMISTRY. SECOND EDITION. Gerhart Friedlander, Joseph W. Kennedy, and Julian Malcolm Miller. New York, John Wiley and Sons, 1964. 593p. $10.75.

Information is included on: radioactivity; atomic nuclei; equations of radioactive decay and growth; interaction of radiations with matter; radiation detection and measurement; statistical considerations in radioactivity measurements; tracers in chemical applications; radioactive decay processes; nuclear models; nuclear reactions; sources of nuclear bombarding particles; techniques in nuclear chemistry; nuclear processes as chemical probes; nuclear energy; and nuclear processes in geology and astrophysics. Physical constants and conversion factors relativistic relations, thermal neutron cross sections, and a table of nuclides are appended. (P.C.H.)

33456 ISOTOPIC AND COSMIC CHEMISTRY. H. Craig, S. L. Miller, and G. J. Wasserburg, eds. Amsterdam, North-Holland Publishing Company, 1964. 575p. $15.00.

A comprehensive and detailed representation of new experimental results and recent theoretical developments in the applications of physics and chemistry to the problems of the earth, life, and space sciences is contained in 32 papers. Approximately two-thirds of the book is devoted to applications of stable, radioactive, and radiogenic isotopes to problems in biology, geology, and meteoritics; the remaining papers provide a unifying framework of related topics in these fields. Separate abstracts were prepared for 25 papers. For one paper previously abstracted in NSA see: 17: 25430. (L.B.S.)

For abstracts of individual papers see: 33226, 33257, 33258, 33259, 33783, 33784, 33785, 33786, 33787, 33788, 33789, 33790, 33791, 33792, 33793, 33867, 34013, 34396, 34397, 34398, 34399, 34400, 34401, 34402, and 34669.

Refer also to abstracts 33769 and 33794. 33457 (AE-146) CONCENTRATION OF 24 TRACE ELEMENTS IN HUMAN HEART TISSUE DETERMINED BY NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS, P. O. Wester (Aktiebolaget Atomenergi, Stockholm). 1964. 33p. (UDC543-53)

By means of neutron activation analysis, human heart tissue from autopsy of 20 victims of traumatic accidents was investigated with respect to the concentration of 24 different trace elements. A recently developed ion exchange technique combined with gamma spectrometry was used, which permits simultaneous determination of a large number of trace elements. The following trace elements were determined quantitatively: Ag, As, Au, Ba, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Hg, La, Mo, Pt, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Zn, and W. In some heart samples, Hf and Os were determined qualitatively. The mean and standard deviation are given for Cu, Fe, Se, and Zn. Since none of the other quantitatively determined trace elements were normally distributed, the median is given as the central value. When possible, comparisons with values from other investigations were made. No marked differences in the trace-element concentrations with age or sex could be detected. (auth) 33458 (BM-RI-6483) X-RAY SPECTROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS FOR TRACE QUANTITIES OF TANTALUM IN COLUMBIUM. Peter A. Romans, W. J. Niebuhr, and J. R. Hauger (Bureau of Mines. Albany Metallurgy Research Center, Ore.). Feb. 1964. 15p.

With suitable instrumentation and techniques, it is possible to determine the presence of tantalum in columbium to 20 ppm. The selection of x-ray spectrographic instrumentation is discussed, and a technique is described for accomplishing the low level determination of tantalum. An ion-exchange method of separating tantalum from columbium is also described. (auth) 33459 (CEA-R-2428) CONTRIBUTION A L'ETUDE DE SOURCES LUMINEUSES DESTINEES AU DOSAGE ISOTOPIQUE DE L'URANIUM PAR SPECTROMETRIE D'EMISSION. (Contribution to the Study of Luminous Sources for Uranium Isotope Measurements by Emission Spectrometry). Jean Pierre Leichnam and Robert Capitini (France. Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique. Centre d'Études Nucléaires, Saclay). 1964. 25p.

After a brief summary of results obtained with different hollow-cathode luminous sources, the reasons for which they cannot be more widely used are given: an insufficient luminosity when uranium oxides are used in the cathode hollow; the large amount of sample required when it is metallic; the impossibility of effecting a chemical purification of the sample. Electrodeless discharge tubes excited by high frequency, whose qualities (luminosity, stability, and rapidity of preparation starting from small amounts of sample in various chemical forms, in particular iron) satisfy the conditions laid down for the measurement of uranium-235 by interferometry, are used. The production process for such lamps is given together with the method of excitation and spectral qualities. (auth) 33460 (CEA-R-2440) DOSEUR CONTINU INFRAROUGE A FILTRE INTERFERENTIEL. DOSAGE DES MELANGES H20-D20. (Continuous Infra-red Measurement Using an Interference Filter. Analysis of H20-D2O Mixtures). Maurice Ceccaldi and Paul Goujon (France. Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique. Centre d'Études Nucléaires, Saclay). May 1964. 26p.

Original work is described which led to the construction of an apparatus for the continuous measurement of the isotopic content of H2O-D20 mixtures. The measurement is based on an application of the Beer-Lambert law to the YOH

band of HDO (3400 cm-1). The conditions of measurement are given. The apparatus is a double-beam device in which the wave length selection is obtained with an interference filter together with a modulator acting as a passband filter. The large-surface pneumatic detector using capacity changes has made it possible to obtain a simple optical set-up. Various results are presented. If sufficient precautions are taken to maintain the apparatus and the water at a constant temperature, it is possible to carry out measurements with a precision of +0.002, or else to detect concentration differences of 0.001 per cent in the case of heavy waters containing more than 99.5 per cent of D2O. (auth) 33461 (DP-879) DETERMINATION OF METALLIC IMPURITIES IN WATER BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY. J. Allen Wheat (Du Pont de Nemours (E. I.) & Co. Savannah River Lab., Aiken, S. C.). June 1964. Contract AT(07-2)-1. 15p.

The technique of atomic absorption spectrometry was studied with a single-beam grating monochromator. The limits of detection of several metals were extended up to 25-fold by increasing the length of the absorbing source, multiple-passing the analytical beam, using fuel-rich flames, varying fuel gases, and/or pumping sample solutions into the flame. The determination of down to 20 to 500 ppb of Fe, Cr, Ni, Co, Mn, and Cu in water was achieved. The coefficient of variation ranged from 4% at 10 to 100 times the limit of detection to 15% at 2 times the limit of detection. (auth) 33462 (DP-883) DETERMINATION OF URANIUM ISOTOPES IN IRRADIATED THORIUM. Robert S. Ondrejcin (Du Pont de Nemours (E. I.) & Co. Savannah River Lab., Aiken, S. C.). June 1964. Contract AT(072)-1. 16p.

Uranium isotopes in irradiated thorium were determined by alpha pulse height analysis coupled with mass analysis. 233Pa (233 U parent) was determined by gamma spectrometry. The precision of a single determination of 232U in 233 U product was +5% at the 95% confidence limit. The analysis of 232 U in 233U product was confirmed by a method that combined low geometry alpha counting, mass analysis, and coulometry. (auth)

33463 (JEN-139-DQ/1-43) DETERMINACIÓN ESPECTROFOTOMÉTRICA DE URANIO CON ARSENAZO, PREVIA EXTRACCIÓN Y DESARROLLO DEL COLOR EN MEDIO ORGÁNICO. (Spectrophotometric Determination of Uranium with Arsenazo Previous Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Color Development in Organic Medium). F. Palomares Delgado, J. Vera Palomino, and J. C. Petrement Eguiluz (Spain. Junta de Energía Nuclear, Madrid). 1964. 39p.

The determination of uranium with Arsenazo is hindered by a great number of cations which form stable complexes and may give rise to serious interferences. By studying the optimum conditions of uranium extraction by means of tributylphosphate solutions dissolved in methylisobutylketone, under conditions for previous masking of the interfering cations, an organic extract was obtained containing all the uranium together with small amounts of iron. The possible interference derived from the latter element is avoided by reduction with hydroxylammonium chloride followed by complex formation of the Fe(II)-o-phenanthroline compound in alcoholic medium. The determination of uranium is carried out by taking an aliquot of the organic extract and developing the color in alcoholic medium. The relative stabilities of the complexes involved by the ophenanthroline and Arsenazo reactions with the cations Fe2+, Fe3+, and voạt were studied under these conditions. (auth)

33464

(NASA-CR-52997) THE USE OF HIGH-SPEED, COMPUTER-COUPLED, AUTOMATIC SYSTEMS FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE MEDICAL AND BIOLOGIC NUCLEAR ACTIVATION ANALYSES. Richard E. Wainerdi, Lloyd E. Fite, and Edgar L. Steele (Texas. Agricultural and Mechanical Coll., College Station). (1963). 48p.

Nuclear activation analysis is a procedure for performing qualitative and quantitative analyses by means of measuring and interpreting the results of induced nuclear transmutations. Two principal methods for measuring the activity produced by nuclear transmutation are radiochemical separations followed by simple counters, and instrumental gamma ray spectrometry. An automated, instrumental activation-analysis system is described which has been applied to several biological problems. Results are discussed for applications in the determination of Ag in rat brain tissue; the determination of Se in urine and blood; the determination of Te in blood, urine, and water; and the determination of Dy in forage, feces, and rumen digesta. (C.H.) 33465 (USNRDL-TR-756) SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF Ce141 AND Ce144 IN FISSION PRODUCT MIXTURES. M. G. Lai and H. Goya (Naval Radiological Defense Lab., San Francisco). May 27, 1964. Contract AT (49-5)-2084. 22p.

A method was developed to determine the isotopic ratio and the disintegration rates of 141 Ce and 144Ce in the presence of each other, by gamma pulse-height analysis. The method was based on the relationship between the composition of the mixture and the integrated peak ratio of gamma and x-ray peaks. The effects of various counting conditions were examined. The usefulness of the method was exemplified by application to the simultaneous determination of 141 Ce and 144Ce in fission product mixtures. (auth) 33466

(AEC-tr-6399(p.43-50)) MEASUREMENT OF THE HUMIDITY OF FRIABLE MATERIALS BY A NEUTRON METHOD, L. G. Belykh, Yu. P. Betin, B. I. Verkhovskis, and F. A. Kurmaev. Translated from Radioizotopnye Metody Avtomat. Kontrolya, Akad. Nauk Kirg. SSR, Tr. Rasshiren. Soveshch. Vses. Seminara po

Primeneniyu Radioaktivn. Izotopov v Izmeritel'n. Tekhn. i Priborostr., 1961, 2: 37-43(1962).

Slowing-down of fast neutrons is an attractive method for the automatic regulation of the humidity of friable materials such as ores, concentrates, etc. A neutron moisture meter is described which allows the measurement of the absolute water content of samples. The errors of the meter are considered. The measurement errors of the meter did not exceed 0.3% absolute moisture. (D.L.C.) 33467 (AEC-tr-6399(p.51-60)) METHOD OF CONTINUOUS CONTROL OF THE CONTENT OF MINERAL IMPURITIES IN COAL, USING NUCLEAR RADIATION. A. Z. Kulishenko and A. S. Kharitonov. Translated from Radioizotopnye Metody Avtomat. Kontrolya, Akad. Nauk Kirg. SSR, Tr. Rasshiren, Soveshch. Vses. Seminara po Primeneniyu Radioaktivn. Izotopov v Izmeritel’n. Tekhn. i Priborostr., 1961, 2: 44-51(1962).

A method for the direct determination of ash content in coal and coke is described which uses the absorption of bremsstrahlung from 35s and 90Sr. The performance of the ash meter is described. (D.L.C.) 33468 (AEC-tr-6399(p.61-71)) GAMMA-ABSORPTION METHOD FOR THE CONTROL OF LEAD CONTENT. G. L. Belina and V. A. Sotnikov. Translated from Radioizotopnye Metody Avtomat. Kontrolya, Akad. Nauk Kirg. SSR, Tr. Rasshiren. Soveshch. Vses. Seminara po Primeneniyu Radioaktivn. Izotopov v Izmeritel'n. Tekhn. i Priborostr., 1961, 2: 52-60(1962).

For automatic control of lead content in ores, concentrates, etc., a gamma-absorption method was developed which does not require the measurement of the surface density. The method is based on the use of soft and hard gamma rays, and ?Se and 60Co are used respectively as the sources of these rays. A laboratory installation for the rapid determination of lead is described, and its calibration and measurement errors are discussed. (D.L.C.) 33469 (AEC-tr-6399(p.72-82)) CONCERNING THE DETERMINATION OF THE COMPOSITION OF TWO AND THREE-COMPONENT MIXTURES BY THE SCATTERING OF BETA RAYS. D. Abdullaev and E. M. Lobanov, Translated from Radioizotopnye Metody Avtomat. Kontrolya, Akad. Nauk Kirg. SSR, Tr. Rasshiren. Soveshch. Vses. Seminara po Primeneniyu Radioaktivn. Izotopov v Izmeritel'n. Tekhn. i Priborostr., 1961, 2: 61-8(1962).

An investigation was made of the geometrical factor in the analysis of two- and three-component systems by beta ray scattering. The angle dependence of the scattering was determined for several scatterers and compared with theory. It is concluded that beta ray scattering can be used for a comparative rapid analysis of these systems with an error of +2 to 3%. (D.L.C.) 33470 (AEC-tr-6399(p.83-91)) MEASUREMENT OF HUMIDITY OF FRIABLE BODIES WHICH CONTAIN NO HYDROCARBONS BY THE NEUTRON SLOWING-DOWN METHOD. A. K. Val'ter, M. L, Gol'din, and A. P. Krivchikov. Translated from Radioizotopnye Metody Avtomat. Kontrolya, Akad. Nauk Kirg. SSR, Tr. Rasshiren, Soveshch. Vses. Seminara po Primeneniyu Radioaktivn. Izotopov v Izmeritel'n. Tekhn. i Priborostr., 1961, 2: 69-75(1962).

An investigation of the neutron slowing-down method was conducted using dry and moist molding sand. Three different measurement methods were used and compared. The results were used to produce an electronic circuit for registering the slow neutron flux and an experimental model of a neutron moisture-content meter for friable bodies. (D.L.C.)

Page 25

33471 (AEC-tr-6399(p.92-7)) METHOD OF ANALYSIS OF TERNARY MIXTURES IN IONIZATION GAS ANALYZERS. I. P. Sklyarenko, M. D. Krivitskii, and F. E. Krigman. Translated from Radioizotopnye Metody Avtomat. Kontrolya, Akad. Nauk Kirg. SSR, Tr. Rasshiren. Soveshch. Vses. Seminara po Primeneniyu Radioaktivn. Izotopov v Izmeritel'n. Tekhn. i Priborostr., 1961, 2: 76-80(1962).

The relationship between the ionization current and the nature of the gas is discussed for ionization by alpha and beta rays. It is shown that analysis of ternary mixtures with only one measuring chamber is possible if the radiation source location and the working volume of the chamber are changed during measurement. This method was studied in detail using CH-CO2-air mixtures. It is further shown that this method is practicable only with alpha sources. (D.L.C.) 33472 (AEC-tr-6399(p.98-114)) RADIOACTIVE METHOD AND INSTRUMENT FOR THE ANALYSIS OF SULFUR IN LIQUID OIL PRODUCTS. Yu. G. Khachaturov. Translated from Radioizotopnye Metody Avtomat. Kontrolya, Akad. Nauk Kirg. SSR, Tr. Rasshiren. Soveshch. Vses. Seminara po Primeneniyu Radioaktivn. Izotopov v Izmeritel'n. Tekhn. i Priborostr., 1961, 2: 81-94(1962).

A direct method for the determination of sulfur in liquid hydrocarbons is given which uses absorption of soft x rays from 55 Fe. The principles of the method are outlined, and the design of the instrument for carrying out the method is discussed. The construction, operation, specifications, and applications of the instrument are described in detail. (D.L.C.) 33473 (AEC-tr-6399(p.115-23)) RADIOACTIVE LIQUID ANALYZER. A. M. Drobiz, R. N. Kruglov, and N. G. Mityukov. Translated from Radioizotopnye Metody Avtomat, Kontrolya, Akad. Nauk Kirg. SSR, Tr. Rasshiren. Soveshch. Vses. Seminara po Primeneniyu Radioaktivn. Izotopov v Izmeritel'n. Tekhn. i Priborostr., 1961, 2: 95-101(1962).

The liquid analyzer RAZh-1 uses absorption of beta particles from o'Sr—9oy to analyze binary liquids. The principles of the method are outlined, and the instrument is described in detail. (D.L.C.)

33476 ELECTRON DRIFT-VELOCITY DETECTOR FOR GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY. V. N. Smith and J. F. Fidiam (Shell Development Co., Emeryville, Calif.). Anal. Chem., 36: 1739-44 (Aug. 1964).

The effect of trace impurities on the drift-velocity of electrons in pure argon was exploited for the detection of trace concentrations of permanent gases in gas chromatography. The detector is a small-volume, parallel-plate ionization chamber in which a tritium source is used to ionize the argon in a region near one electrode. Negative voltage pulses of short duration are applied to the electrode to drive electrons from the ionized region toward the opposite electrode. The pulse duration is selected so that not all electrons are collected in pure argon carrier gas. Trace concentrations of components eluted from a chromatographic column and passing through the detector increase the electron drift-velocity and thus increase the electron current to the collector electrode. Sensitivity was measured for a number of permanent gases and a few light hydrocarbons. The lower detectable limit for nitrogen is about 10-10 g/sec. (auth) 33477 DETERMINATION OF CARBON IN SODIUM BY ISOTOPE DILUTION MASS SPECTROMETRY. Ken Y. Eng, Raymond A. Meyer, and Carleton D. Bingham (Atomics International, Canoga Park, Calif.). Anal. Chem., 36: 1832-4(Aug. 1964).

A method utilizing isotope dilution mass spectrometry was developed for the determination of carbon in sodium. The details of the method are described for the determination of elemental carbon employing Van Slyke oxidation, although, by choice of spike material, other forms of carbon may be determined. Accuracy and precision in the ranges 50 = 10 ug to 150 + 25 ug of carbon were demonstrated. The determination is not affected by loss of generated carbon dioxide or by contamination from any source except carbon. (auth) 33478 INTRASCINTILLATION VIAL REACTION TUBE. G. G. Slater, Edward Geller, and Arthur Yuwiler (Veterans Administration Center, Los Angeles and U.C.L.A. Center for Health Sciences, Los Angeles). Anal. Chem., 36: 1888 (Aug. 1964).

Design of a simple, inexpensive, and versatile apparatus for the rapid collection of evolved 14c0, by liquid scintillation is described. The apparatus consists of a three-holed, flanged-top incubation chamber made from 16 mm borosilicate glass tubing that fits into a standard 28 x 57 mm scintillation vial containing Hyamine and the apparatus is sealed with a rubber sleeve stopper. It has the advantage of eliminating liquid transfer before scintillation counting. It provides a short gas path to minimize diffusion time and requires relatively little space so that a large number can be conveniently used in one experiment. (P.C.H.) 33479 MASS-SPECTROMETRIC DETERMINATION OF MICROQUANTITIES OF BORON IN SOME MATERIALS. L. Ya. Memelova, G. M. Kukavadze, and B. V. Ershler. At, Energ. (USSR), 16: 423-6(May 1964). (In Russian)

For the determination of boron, the method of isotopic dilution was used. The isotopic composition of boron was determined using a single filament thermionic source with a tungsten or tantalum wire on which borax was deposited. Because of surface ionization in the source, ions of Na BOT with masses 88 and 89 were evaporated, containing the isotopes 1°B and 11B respectively. The boron with almost pure 1°B served as a label. The surplus of alkali obtained on solution of the investigated material was separated by electrolysis with a mercury cathode. The silicic acid remain

33474 (FTD-TT-63-814) ANALYSIS OF HIGHMELTING COMPOUNDS. G. V. Samsonovym, A. T. Pilpenko, et al. Translation from p.7-256 of “Analiz Tugoplavkikh Soyedineniy,” (a publication of the Scientific Publishing House on Ferrous and Nonferrous Metallurgy, Moscow, 1962). 325p.

This book presents the results of long-term investigations on the chemical properties and the methods for analysis of metallic and nonmetallic refractory materials. These materials include carbides, nitrides, borides, silicides, sulfides, etc. (D.L.C.)

33475

DETERMINATION OF ACTIVE HYDROGEN BY NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROMETRY. Paul J. Paulsen and W. D. Cooke (Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y.). Anal. Chem., 36: 1721-3 (Aug. 1964).

A proposed method for the quantitative determination of active hydrogen is based on the exchange reaction of the group with heavy water and the determination of the exchanging protons by NMR spectrometry. The proposed method is nondestructive, more precise than conventional methods, and can be applied to less reactive groups such as acetylenic hydrogen and CHECO-groups. Completeness of the exchange reaction is not usually required for the quantitative determination of the active hydrogen. (auth)

ing in solution after coagulation was separated by centrifugation. After condensing the liquid to a few drops, it was deposited on the filament of the thermionic source, Boron, contained in the samples in quantities up to several units in 10-7%, was analyzed. Apparently this method may be used for any materials soluble in alkali and insoluble in water, (tr-auth) 33480

ANALYTICAL METHODS BASED ON THE REFLECTION AND ABSORPTION OF RADIOACTIVE RADIATION. II. THE RADIOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF ASH IN VEGETABLE DRUGS. J. Jombik, J. Majer, and P. Schiller (Univ. of Comenius, Bratislava). Cesk. Farm., 13: 241-5(June 1964).

A new method based on the reflection of beta radiation is described. Intensity of such a radiation increases with the atomic number, and with the number of radiating atoms, that is with the concentration of the analyzed substance. The atomic number of elements forming the ash is always higher than the atomic number of the atoms of the organic molecule. Equipment used for the analysis is described. 90Sr provides the source of radiation. Factors causing differences between the result of gravimetric methods and the method suggested are discussed. The method is quick, and the sample analyzed remains undamaged. Time required is 3-5 minutes, accuracy +0.70%. (OTS) 33481 VOLUMETRIC DETERMINATION OF GADOLINIUM WITH SODIUM PHOSPHATE IN PRESENCE OF BROMOCRESOL PURPLE. Wiktor Wawrzyczek and Andrzej Benedict. Chem. Anal. (Warsaw), 9: 621-2(1964). (In Polish)

33485 APPLICATION OF GAMMA SPECTROMETRY TO THE QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF TRACES OF RADIOISOTOPES DISSOLVED IN WATER. Ch. A. Bizollon and R. Moret (Faculté de Medecine et de Pharmacie, Lyon). Chim. Anal. (Paris), 46: 273-85(June 1964). (In French)

A method allowing the identification and determination of traces of radioisotopes, y emitters, present in different liquid samples is described. The counting apparatus contains a spherical 10-liter receptacle to be filled with the liquid to be analyzed and two scintillation probes connected with a 128-channel y spectrometer. One of the probes is supplied with a Nal(Tl) crystal and the other with a plastic scintillator. With these two detectors, y spectra stripped of all Compton distribution could be obtained even from complex sources. The device is shielded by 5 cm of lead. Measurements are made directly on liquid samples without the necessity of concentrating them or removing selectively the various radioisotopes that they contain. (tr-auth)

33486 ACTIVATION ANALYSIS OF DEUTERIUM BY C12(d,n)N13 REACTION IN A NUCLEAR REACTOR. E. Fabbri, E. Lazzarini, and V. Sangiust (Centro Studi Nucleari Enrico Fermi del Politecnico, Milan). Intern. J. Appl. Radiation Isotopes, 15: 437-9(July 1964).

Deuterium nuclei from n-d collisions in deuterated organic compounds react with 12C. The 10-min 13N activity produced in the reaction was found to be proportional to the deuterium content over a wide range. (auth)

33482 PROGRESS IN THE ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY OF NIOBIUM AND TANTALUM. Venceslav Patrovskii (Central Inst, of Geology, Prague). Chem. Listy, 58: 65764(June 1964).

Methods of separations for Nb and Ta are described; extraction methods and paper and absorption column chromatography are discussed. The determination of Nb and Ta by polarography, titration methods, photometry, and methods based on spectrophotometry, radioisotopes, and neutron activation are also described. 130 references are included. (OTS) 33483 MODERN APPLICATIONS OF RADIOISOTOPES IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY. J. Hoste, F. Adams, and R. Dams. Chem. Weekblad, 60: 35-40(1964).

A short review of the determination of tungsten, niobium, and tantalum by means of homogeneous precipitation is presented. Tungsten is determined in a solution of H2O2HNO3 with 187w as tracer. The coprecipitation of Mo and V was studied with the tracers 99Mo and 48V. Niobium and tantalum can be determined in the same manner;

182 Ta and 95 Nb were used as tracers. The duration of the analysis is reduced by using a SeO2-catalyst. The determination of antimony by means of neutron activation analysis is also discussed. (NPO) 33484 THE DETERMINATION OF RADIOACTIVE STRONTIUM IN WATER. E. L. Molt. Chem. Weekblad, 60: 245-6(1964).

The widely used HNO3-method for radiochemical analysis of strontium in water has several disadvantages: the manipulations required are rather complicated and difficult and the method takes much time. With the described method strontium as nitrate is separated from calcium nitrate by boiling with amyl alcohol. The method has a high output, namely, more than 98%. It does not take much time, and the manipulations are rather easy. (auth)

33487 IN VIVO DETERMINATIONS OF LEAN BODY MASS FROM K40 MEASUREMENTS AND THE RELATIONSHIP OF THESE VALUES TO MOTOR APTITUDE IN PREADOLESCENT BOYS. J. E. Christian, A. H. Ismail, and W. V. Kessler (Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind.). Intern. J. Appl. Radiation Isotopes, 15: 441-5(July 1964).

The in vivo determination of lean body mass from measurements of 40K with a 2-7 liquid scintillation counter is described. Measurements were made on 81 boys, between 9 and 13 years of age, who were participating in a youth fitness program. The results, expressed in terms of lean body mass in kilograms and percentage of total body weight, were compared with 38 test items selected to measure motor aptitude. The factor-analysis technique-was utilized to identify the factors which could explain the items measuring body composition and motor aptitude. The technique described for the determination of body composition is considered applicable to studies of the effect of physical fitness states, age, different levels of nutrition, drugs, disease, and other factors on potassium levels, lean body mass, and body fat of large animals and human subjects. (auth) 33488 ON THE SELF-SHIELDING EFFECT IN THERMAL-NEUTRON ACTIVATION OF METALS. Y. Kamemoto (Japan Atomic Energy Research Inst., Tokyo). Intern. J. Appl. Radiation Isotopes, 15: 447-8 (July 1964).

The self-shielding effects of gold, silver, copper, cobalt, indium, gallium, antimony, chromium, selenium, and tin against thermal neutrons were investigated. Relative specific activities of the irradiated samples were plotted against E, the product of weight and absolute neutron absorption cross section divided by atomic weight. For a self-shielding effect of approximately 10%, E was found to equal about 0.03. (M.C.G.) 33489 CHANNEL RATIO IN THE DETERMINATION OF TWO GAMMA-EMITTING RADIOISOTOPES. Richard

P. Spencer and Burton Seife (Yale Univ., New Haven). J. Nucl. Med., 5: 562-4(July 1964).

Calculation of the channel ratio, when two gammaemitting isotopes are present, can be used to determine the constants in the equations relating channel counts to quantity of radioactivity, the amount of each radioisotope in a mixed sample, the ratio of the two radioisotopes, and the fraction of either isotope in a mixture. (auth) 33490 INSTRUMENT FOR RADIOCHROMATOGRAM READING. E. Musyck (Centre d'Etude de l'Energie Nucleaire, Mol, Belg.). J. Sci. Instr., 41: 445-8(July 1964).

The instrument for B-ray radiochromatogram reading consists of a mechanical device to drive the chromatogram paper, a detection system with a proportional counter, an amplifier, and a discriminator. The electronic equipment was designed to permit a wide range of counting rates. A theoretical study of the response of the whole system in the case of a detection rate changing with time according to a Gaussian law is presented. In general this study can be applied to various fields: gas chromatography, sliding channel spectrometry, etc. (auth) 33491 DETERMINATION OF SMALL GAS CONTENT IN METALS. F. Sperner and K.-H. Koch (W. C. Heraeus GmbH, Hanau, Ger.). Metall, 18: 701-4(July 1964). (In German)

A series of analytical methods is available for the determination of low gas concentrations in metals. The vacuum fission method is of the greatest significance as it has the advantages of high detection sensitivity, wide range of applicability, and simple manipulation. Its high sensitivity was obtained when a gas chromatographic column in combination with an argon ionization detector working under precautions was used as an analytical unit. Various metals degassed by electron beam fusion or zone fusion were analyzed in a vacuum hot extraction installation of this conception. Gas concentrations below 1 ppm could be detected reliably and reproducibly. (tr-auth) 33492 SHORT-LIVED NUCLIDES FORMED BY NEUTRON ACTIVATION. Minoru Okada (Government Chemical Industrial Research Inst., Tokyo). Nucleonics, 22: 110-11 (Aug. 1964).

In neutron activation analysis various types of neutron eaction are likely to occur simultaneously. To analyze an element in a sample it is necessary to consider all of these interfering reactions. A table is presented that gives the original element, the type of neutron reaction, the nuclide formed, half life, gamma energies, and other decay particles present. (C.E.S.) 33493 PHOSPHOLIPID PATTERNS IN LIVERS ACCUMULATING FAT. Fred Snyder and Walter Lewis (Oak Ridge Inst. of Nuclear Studies, Tenn.). Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med., 116: 459-62(1964).

Fatty livers produced by cerium injection showed 3 main alterations in the liver phospholipid pattern separated on silicic acid columns. These included the appearance of a secondary peak in the polyglycerol phosphatide fraction (eluted with chloroform : methanol), a small but consistent increase in the phosphatidic acid-polyglycerol phosphatide fraction, and a decrease in the lecithin fraction for all fatty livers measured in this study. (auth) 33494 NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS OF TRACES OF SODIUM IN QUARTZ, L. Rybach (Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule, Zurich). Radiochim. Acta, 2: 13840(Mar. 1964).

A nondestructive method for sodium-trace determination

is described. Sixteen quartz samples widely distributed over the Swiss Alps were investigated. The sodium contents were measured after irradiation with 3.6 1012 slow n/cm2, sec by y spectrometry. Concentrations of 0.15 to 24 ppm (sodium quantities of 0.03 to 5 ug in this case) were found. The considerable spread of results demonstrates the different conditions of formation of the quartz crystals. (auth) 33495 DETERMINATION OF TRACE PROTACTINIUM231. Hans-Ludwig Scherff and Guenter Herrmann (Universität, Mainz). Radiochim. Acta, 2: 141-6(Mar, 1964). (In German)

A procedure is given in which 10-5 ppm 231 Pa in 10 g samples can be determined. After leaching of the samples with HF/HC10, or HF/H2SO4 and evaporation of the HF, the Pa is coprecipitated with hydroxides by NaOH, The precipitate is dissolved in a mixture of 6 M HCl and 0.5-3 M HF; Fe, Nb, and Ta are extracted by diisobutylcarbinol. Fluoride is then complexed by A13+, and Pa extracted by the same solvent. The y or a counting rate of the extract gives the 231 Pa contents. (auth) 33496 A NEW OXIDIMETRIC REAGENT: POTASSIUM DICHROMATE IN A STRONG PHOSPHORIC ACID MEDIUM. IV. TITRIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF URANIUM(IV) ALONE AND IN MIXTURE WITH IRON(II)

, MANGANESE(II), CERIUM(III) OR VANADIUM(IV). G. Gopala Rao and P. Kanta Rao (Andhra Univ., Waltair, India). Talanta, 11: 1031-40 (July 1964).

The potentiometric titration of uranium(IV) is possible at room temperature with potassium dichromate at all concentrations of phosphoric acid ranging from 3 to 12M. An inert atmosphere is unnecessary. The potential break at the end-point is about 70-90 mv/0.4 ml of 0.1N potassium dichromate in the range 3 to 9M of phosphoric acid, 140 mv in 10.5M phosphoric acid and 180 my in 12M phosphoric acid. Iron(II) and uranium(IV) can be determined in the same solution if the concentration of phosphoric acid is maintained above 11.5M at the iron (II) end-point. Under similar conditions a differential potentiometric titration of uranium(IV) and vanadium(IV) is possible. Uranium(IV) and manganese (II) can be determined in the same solution if the concentration of phosphoric acid is maintained between 3 and 9M at the uranium(IV) endpoint, then increased so that it is 12M at the manganese(II) end-point. Under similar conditions the differential potentiometric titration of uranium (IV) and cerium (II) is possible. (auth)

33497 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE RING OVEN TECHNIQUE. Herbert Weisz (Universität, Freiburg i. B.). Talanta, 11: 1041-60 (July 1964).

A review of recent developments in the ring oven technique is presented. 74 references are included. (auth)

33498 ANALYTICAL USES OF BROMANILIC ACID. R. B. Hahn, P. T. Joseph, and G. G. Salciccioli (Wayne State Univ., Detroit). Talanta, 11: 1073-80(July 1964).

Bromanilic acid (2,5-dibromo-3,6-dihydroxyquinone) precipitates barium, calcium, and strontium quantitatively from weakly acid solution, and forms a colored complex with zirconyl ions in perchloric acid solution. The complex exhibits maximum absorbance at a wavelength of 335 mu. Beer's law is obeyed in the range from 0.0 to 3.5 ppm of zirconium. Optimum results are obtained in solutions 2.8M in perchloric acid. The effect of various diverse ions was investigated. Hafnium gives results identical with zirconium. Other interfering ions are Fe(III), Th(IV), UO2(II),

Ti(IV), phosphate, oxalate, fluoride, and sulfate. Errors caused by varying amounts of these ions were determined. A procedure for the determination of zirconium is given. Bromanilic acid is a more sensitive reagent than chloranilic acid for the determination of zirconium, and can be used over a slightly greater range. (auth) 33499 PAPER-CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATIONS OF FRAGMENTS FROM Y-IRRADIATED OVALBUMIN. Charles A. Leone (Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence). Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 66: 539-44 (1964).

The solvent, 2,6-lutidine: 2,4,6-collidine: diethylamine: water in the proportions 100:100: 3:100, was used for making one-dimensional paper chromatographic separations of fragments produced in lyophilized ovalbumin that had been y-irradiated with 13 x 106 rads. Three peptide fragments were detected in protein that had been irradiated in vacuo; 8 fragments were found in protein that was irradiated in air. The fragments had an average molecular weight of 350. (auth) 33500 FLAME PHOTOMETRY DETERMINATION OF SMALL CESIUM CONTENTS IN SILICATES AFTER ENRICHMENT ON A ZIRCONIUM PHOSPHATE ION EXCHANGER, Otto Osterried (Technische Hochschule, Munich). Z. Anal. Chem., 199: 260-70(1964). (In German)

The determination of cesium in rocks by flame photometry is described. In this method cesium is first enriched on zirconium phosphate that is then dissolved in hydrofluoric acid. Interfering anions are removed from the solution by a strongly basic anion-exchanger. As little as 0.2 ppm of cesium can be determined in silicates with a sample weight of 1-2 g using dilute hydrochloric acid as solvent. Standard deviation and accuracy are probably not worse than + 10%. The method was checked by help of 137Cs. Cesium was determined in some geochemical silicate samples. (P.C.H.) 33501 PREPARATION OF SULFUR DIOXIDE FOR THE MASS SPECTROMETRIC DETERMINATION OF THE SULFUR ISOTOPE RATIO 325/4S IN NATURAL SULFUR COMPOUNDS. Werner Ricke (Zentrallaboratorium für Geochemie der Isotope, Gottingen, Ger.). Z. Anal. Chem., 199: 401-13(1964). (In German)

A method for the preparation of sulfur dioxide from sulfide and sulfate containing rocks and ores is described that permits the determination of the 32s/349 ratio with a mean error of 0.2%. This error consists of errors involved in the SO2 preparation, in passing the SO2 into the mass spectrometer, and in the actual measurement. The mean error arising from isotope fractionation during the SO, preparation is, therefore, undoubtedly smaller than 0.2%. (P.C.H.) 33502 ACTIVATION ANALYSIS INVESTIGATIONS ON HIGH-PURITY SILICON. W. Gebauhr and J. Martin (Siemens-Schuckertwerke AG, Erlangen, Ger.). Z. Anal. Chem., 200: 266-78(1964). (In German)

For the activation analysis of high-purity silicon the supposed impurities were divided into 3 groups corresponding to the half lives of the radionuclides belonging to the impurities. Chemoanalytical separation schemes were developed for these groups. With this technique it was possible to determine about 30 elements in small samples. The results given are in or below the ppb-level. For localization of the impurities autoradiography was used. Some of the pictures taken show, that also with very low activities, valuable results can be obtained. (P.C.H.) 33503 REPORT ON THE COMPLEXOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF ZIRCONIUM. R. Přibil and V. Vesely (Lab.

for Analytical Chemistry, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Prague). Z. Anal. Chem., 200: 332-7(1964). (In German)

The complexometric determination of zirconium was studied. Especially the influence of boiling time as well as of different acids was investigated. For the separation of Zr from iron and other metals the precipitation in triethanolamine solution is recommended. (auth) 33504 PHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF CERIUM IN ALLOYED STEELS AND HEAT-CONDUCTING ALLOYS. H.-J. Graebner (Stahlwerke Bochum AG, Bockum, Ger.). Z. Anal. Chem., 201: 401-17(1964). (In German)

The separation of cerium from high-alloy steels and heat conducting alloys was accomplished by means of a precipitation with hydrofluoric acid in the presence of lanthanum as a trace carrier. Without further reprecipitations the purified precipitation is boiled after solution with persulphate and silver ions. After the photometric measurement Ce4+ is reduced to Ce3+ by means of sodium azide and again measured photometrically. Cr6+ from which small amounts are always entrained in chrome-bearing alloys and which is always measured in both cases remains hereby unconsidered. With the described analytical procedures cerium contents in the range of 0.0001 to 0.25% Ce can be determined. For a cerium content of 0.05% the standard deviation is 0.001, and for 0.25% Ce it is 0.002. Several tables demonstrate the accuracy and precision of these procedures. (auth) 33505 PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION OF THORIUM, ZIRCONIUM AND URANIUM, MICRO DETERMINATION USING B-SNADNS-6. Sachindra Kumar Datta and Sachindra Nath Saha (Victoria Coll., Cooch Behar, India). Z. Anal. Chem., 202: 332-9(1964).

The possibility of paper chromatographic separation of a number of elements (Th, U, Zr, Fe, Mg, Ni, Co, Ce, La, Y, Sm, Gd) was studied, employing solvent mixtures containing tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) as principal constituent. Various factors that influence the Rf values were investigated. It was found possible to separate only thorium and uranium from the other elements including the rare earths and also from one another. Only thorium and uranium move under the conditions studied, the others remain stationary on the starting line. The solvent mixture methylisobutyl ketone-isobutyl alcohol-TBP (50:38:12) shaken with 4 M HNO3 proved to be a good mobile solvent for the separation of thorium and uranium. Thorium was also separated from monazite extract. A single chromatogenic spray (B-SNADNS-6) was used for the detection of all the elements. Thorium, uranium, and zirconium were also quantitatively estimated after chromatographic separation by EDTA titration using the same dye. (auth) 33506 FLUORESCENCE OF URANIUM IN FLUORIDECARBONATE MELTS. Evžen Singer and Dagmar Cífková. Z. Anal. Chem., 202: 401-7(1964). (In German)

The influences of different elements and their mixtures on the fluorescence of uranium in a melt of NaF and NaKCO2 were investigated. The evaluation of the quenching effect of mixtures is difficult as the quenching efficiencies of the elements vary within a range of about two powers of ten. The influence of platinum was found to be smaller than is generally assumed and the errors observed appear to be caused by variations in the duration and degree of heating. The results obtained were applied to the sometimes rather difficult problem of determining uranium in urine. A procedure was worked out that permits the determination of up to 10-6 g U/l urine without serious inter

1 ferences. (auth)

and other rare earths may be determined by a similar procedure. The separate determination of gadolinium in the presence of these elements is impossible. (auth)

33507 STUDIES ON THE REACTION BETWEEN MERCURY(II) AND CDTA. ESTIMATION OF METAL IONS AND ANALYSIS OF CATION MIXTURES. H. Khalifa (Eötvös Univ., Budapest). Z. Anal. Chem., 203: 161-8 (1964).

Studies were made on the reaction between mercury and cyclohexane-diaminotetraacetic acid (CDTA) in a variety of hexamethylene tetramine buffered solutions covering the range of pH 5-12 and its application to the determination of a variety of cations by back titrating excess CDTA amounts at different pH values. It was found that the method allows the determination of micro and milligram amounts of Hg, the alkaline, rare earth, and some of the heavy metals with high accuracy and precision under normal conditions without the interference of oxygen. Further, by its aid binary mixtures of the alkaline-earth metals with a variety of metal ions can be analyzed at a selective pH. The procedures given are simple, rapid, and extremely reliable, (P.C.H.) 33508 CHELATE-FORMING EXCHANGER RESINS. V. Zr(IV) SPECIFIC CHELATE EXCHANGER ON PYROCATECHOL-0,0-DIACETIC ACID BASE. E. Blasius and G. Kynast (Technische Universität, Berlin). Z. Anal. Chem., 203: 321-32(1964). (In German)

Condensation products containing catechol-0,0-diacetic acid as chelating group are specific for zirconium. The influence of the conditions of the preparation on the quality of the resin, especially the rate of cross-linking, was investigated. The effective capacity of the most favorable product is satisfactory; it depends on the hydrogen ion concentration (2.1 mmole Zr/g resin at pH 4.7). A series of batch absorption tests were run in order to estimate the absorption of several cations. Under similar conditions the following ions can be separated easily from Zr(IV): Mg2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Al3+, 13+, La3+, Tio2+, uo2+, Fe3+. Furthermore, a separation of the radionuclides 95zr and 95Nb was investigated. Since the resin is highly selective, the column operation requires only little time. It may be adapted, very probably, also to other separation problems, (auth)

33511 A SIMPLE APPARATUS FOR RAPID DETERMINATION OF HYDROGEN CONTENT IN TITANIUM AND ZIRCONIUM AND THEIR ALLOYS. Joseph Fischer and Edith Leicht (Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main and Metallgesellschaft AG, Frankfurt am Main). Z. Metallk., 55: 328-30 (June 1964). (In German)

A simple apparatus is described for the fast determination of hydrogen in high melting metals and alloys. Induction heating is used and the hydrogen is measured in the rough vacuum of a mercury diffusion pump. Approximately 2 ug hydrogen can be determined with +5% accuracy. Ten analyses can be made per day per man. (auth) 33512 PHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF ZIRCONIUM IN MAGNESIUM AND ALUMINUM ALLOYS USING QUERCETIN. L. Ya. Polyak and I. S. Bashkirova. Zh. Analit. Khim., 19: 842-6(1964). (In Russian)

A direct photometric method was developed for the determination of zirconium in magnesium and aluminum alloys using quercetin. It permits the determination of 0.002–1.0% of Zr and more on the background of all the constituents of magnesium and aluminum alloys. (P.C.H.) 33513

DETERMINATION OF SMALL AMOUNTS OF SULFUR IN BERYLLIUM, ZIRCONIUM, NIOBIUM AND THEIR OXIDES. A. F. Fioletova. Zh. Analit. Khim., 19: 868-70(1964). (In Russian)

Investigations showed that from 1 x 10-7 to 1 x 10-5g of S can be determined by a luminescent method using quinine sulfate. The optimum conditions for sulfur determination are at 1 x 10-6-7.5 x 10-6 g of S in 10 ml of the solution. The results obtained are quite reliable. (auth) 33514 SIMULTANEOUS AMPEROMETRIC DETERMINATION OF ZIRCONIUM AND SULFUR IN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. E. A. Terenteva and M. V. Bernatskaya (Inst. of Organic Compounds, Moscow). Zh. Analit. Khim., 19: 876-80(1964). (In Russian)

A method for the simultaneous determination of zirconium and sulfur in organic substances was developed. Decomposition of the sample is carried out by fusion with sodium carbonate. Zirconium is determined in the solution of the melt by the direct amperometric titration on a rotating platinum microanode by the current of EDTA oxidation at the potential of +0.9 v using HCl at pH 3 as a supporting electrolyte. Sulfur is determined as sulfate in the second aliquot of the solution. Zirconium is bound beforehand by the exact equivalent amount of EDTA. Sulfate ions are precipitated with barium of which the excess is titrated amperometrically with EDTA. (auth) 33515 SPECTROGRAPHIC AND NEWER METHODS OF IMPURITY ANALYSIS IN REFRACTORY METHODS. A. H. Gillieson (Dept. of Mines and Technical Surveys, Ottawa). p.381-93 of “The Science and Technology of Tungsten, Tantalum, Molybdenum, Niobium, and Their Alloys." Oxford, Pergamon Press, 1964.

Existing or potential methods for determination of interstitial and substitutional impurity elements in trace amounts in the refractory metals molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, and tungsten are reviewed, with particular reference to the physico-chemical methods: vacuum-fusion, emission spectrography, mass spectrometry, and activation analysis. For the interstitial impurities hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon, vacuum fusion was adequate for hydrogen and oxygen, and nitrogen and carbon were determined satis

33509 DETERMINATION OF COPPER, MERCURY, AND SILVER IN PURE URANIUM COMPOUNDS. Josef Marecek and Evzen Singer. 2. Anal. Chem., 203: 336-9 (1964). (In German)

A method for the determination of copper, mercury, and silver in pure uranium compounds is described. It is based on the selective extraction of these elements by dithizone. Concentrations as low as 1 ppm of Hg and Ag and 0.5 ppm of Cu may be determined. Only Pd(II) and Au(III) and higher concentration of chloride interfere. One analysis requires about 1 hour. Because of its excellent selectivity and sensitivity the method may be used for analyses of other materials, too. (auth)

33510 TITRATION OF RARE EARTHS (e.g., GADOLINIUM) WITH SODIUM TUNGSTATE SOLUTION AND A MIXTURE OF BROMCRESOL PURPLE AND METHYL RED AS ADSORPTION INDICATOR. Wiktor Wawrzyczek and Wieslaw Wisniewski. 2. Anal. Chem., 203: 339-44 (1964). (In German)

Gadolinium can be rapidly determined by titration with sodium tungstate solution using an indicator either bromocresol purple or a mixture of bromocresol green and methyl red. Errors are about 1% when bromocresol purple is employed and about 0.5% in case of the mixed indicator. The titration has to be performed in hot solution (previously heated almost to the boiling point). Heavy metals

Page 26

factorily down to about 10 ppm by the classical methods of Kjeldahl distillation and of combustion, respectively. Research into the application of solid-source mass spectrometry for the determination of all the interstitial impurities and of fast neutron activation analysis for the determination of oxygen is recommended. The determination of the general substitutional impurities is being adequately performed by d-c arc methods, employing controlled atmospheres or stabilization of the arc by the Stallwood air-jet. Spectrophotometric methods of high sensitivity and precision were developed for a few elemental impurities. Applications of the electron probe x-ray microanalyzer, activation analysis, and in particular solid-source mass spectrometry appeared worthy of investigation. (auth) 33516 THE ANALYSIS OF REFRACTORY METALS FOR IMPURITIES. R. Orsage. p.395-8 of "The Science and Technology of Tungsten, Tantalum, Molybdenum, Niobium, and Their Alloys.” Oxford, Pergamon Press, 1964.

The methods considered most advisable for routine determination of oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, and iron in refractory metals are presented. (M.C.G.) 33517 INVESTIGATIONS ON THE TRACE ELEMENT CONTENT OF LEUCOCYTES BY MEANS OF NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS. H. Frischauf, H. Altmann, and G. Stehlik. p.234-9 of “Proceedings of the 9th Congress of the European Society of Haematology, Lisbon, Portugal, Aug. 26-31, 1963. Volume I.” Basel, Verlag S. Karger AG, 1963.

Neutron activation analysis was used to investigate the content of Cu, Mn, and Zn in leukocytes from normal and leukemic persons. Analytical procedures are described. Variations were found in Cu and Mn content of normal and leukemic cells, but no essential difference was found in Zn content. Possible diagnostic applications of the findings are discussed. (C.H.)

110Ag, and 35s by the indirect method consisting in radiochemical analysis of urine are given. In one case of internal contamination with 21°Po contamination took place through direct contact between the hand and a 21°Po-a-Be neutron source (activity 3.9c). Three persons were contaminated through handling the capsule containing the radioactive source. The diagnosis of internal radioactive contamination was carried out using radiochemical analysis of urine 30 days after contamination. The 21°Po was separated from the mineral residue of the urine on Ni by the electrochemical method. Activities of 3.6-42.0 pe 21°Po per liter of urine were found. The contaminated subjects were observed for a period of 20 months and no changes were noted in their state of health. Contamination with 110

Pag was caused through clothes and industrial equipment being splashed with a solution of the substance. The equipment showed contamination of 2.54 x 10-10 c/cm? The urine samples taken from four contaminated persons contained 0.93–1.58 x 10-11 c/1. The total uptake of radioactivity was found by calculation to be 97 - 149 x 1011 c. Determination of 11°Ag was carried out by coprecipitation of the Ag from the mineral residue of the urine solubilized with HNO3. In the two subjects who had handled 35s, the presence of 35s was found in the urine 30 days later; the 358 was determined by coprecipitation in the form of BaSO4. The activity found was of the order of 0.38-0.40 x 10-11 c/1 urine. The uptake of activity as determined from calculation was of the order of 0.67-1.02 x 10-10 c of 35s. (auth)

Inorganic and Physical Chemistry

Refer also to abstract 33858.

33518 A SURVEY OF THE METHODS USED IN THE UNITED KINGDOM ATOMIC ENERGY AUTHORITY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF RADIONUCLIDES IN URINE. S. Jackson (Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell, Berks, Eng.) and N. A. Taylor. Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, 1964, Preprint SM-52/16, 24p. (CONF-448-13)

From IAEA Symposium of the Assessment of Radioactive Body Burdens in Man, Heidelberg, May 1964.

A survey was made throughout the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority of current practice in urine analysis for radionuclides. The elements of greatest importance in the UKAEA programs of urine analysis are plutonium, uranium, tritium, and fission products (notably strontium-90 and cesium-137). Other radionuclides dealt with are polonium-210, radium-226, protactinium-231, phosphorus-32, carbon-14, sulphur-35, americium-241, and thorium. In assessing the function and scope of urine analysis, the factors affecting the choice of a suitable analytical method are discussed. From the available data about their metabolism, an approximate urinary excretion rate is proposed for each of the above radionuclides. (C.H.) 33519 USE OF RADIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF URINE TO DIAGNOSE INTERNAL RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION BY Po 210, Ag110 AND $35. G. Furnica and N. Racoveanu (Institutul de Higiena si de Securitatea Muncii, Bucharest). Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, 1964, Preprint SM-52/78, 8p. (CONF-448-30). (In French)

From IAEA Symposium of the Assessment of Radioactive Body Burdens in Man, Heidelberg, May 1964.

Results of diagnosing internal contamination with 210Po,

33520 (AD-436582) SURVEY OF THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND SPECTRAL BEHAVIOR OF THE URANYL ION. J. B. Newman (Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore. Carlyle Barton Lab.). Apr. 1964. Contract AF33(615)1051. 104p. (WR-AF-4)

The two main considerations of this report are to provide a coherent view of what is known about the uranyl ion, and to discern, if possible, the course of a fresh attack on the problem of its structure. The assumption is made that in order to interpret the uranyl spectra, the electronic structure and behavior in the fixed nuclear framework must first be known. Ways of finding this structure are presented, leading to the conclusion that, given the chemical evidence for strong covalent uranyl bonds, a molecular orbital treatment is required. By using a core approximation, a one-configuration trial solution is set up in terms of fixed configurations on immobile cores and an antisymmetrized product of molecular orbital basis functions for the valence electrons. The practicability of a machine solution of the molecular orbital problem is being studied further. (auth) 33521 (BNL-8081) THE MECHANISMS OF SOME ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTIONS IN SOLUTION. N. Sutin (Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, N. Y. and Weizmann Inst. of Science, Rehovoth, Israel). (1964). Contract AT-30-2-GEN-16. 20p. (CONF-549-3)

From International Symposium on Oxidases and Related Oxidation-Reduction Systems, Amherst, Mass., July 1964.

Some inner-sphere and outer-sphere reactions involving metal complexes have been considered. Substitution-labile complexes react with oxygen via an inner-sphere mechanism in which the oxygen is bonded directly to the metal. Inner-sphere reactions are favored when the electronic interaction between the reactants is very small (as occurs, for example, when the electron transfer is accompanied by

a change in spin multiplicity) or when the energy required to reorganize the coordination shells of the reactants is very large. The reactions with oxygen proceed via mononuclear and binuclear complexes, in which an oxygen molecule is bonded to one and two metal ions, respectively. The reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide can be brought about in the binuclear complex by the “simultaneous" transfer of electrons (or hydrogen atoms) by each of the metals to which it is bonded. For this reason binuclear intermediates may be quite common in reactions between a two-equivalent oxidizing agent and a one equivalent reducing agent, and vice versa. (auth) 33522 (CEA-2360) LE TRIFLUORURE DE CHLORE. (Chlorine Trifluoride). L. M. Vincent and J. Gillardeau (France. Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique. Centre d'Études Nucléaires, Saclay). 1963. 107p.

This monograph on chlorine trifluoride consists of data gathered from the literature and includes furthermore a certain amount of original data. This monograph groups together the physical, chemical, and physiological properties of chlorine trifluoride, as well as the preparation and analytical methods. Also included are technological information, and the safety regulations governing its use. (auth) 33523 (CNLM-5619) THE THERMAL DE COMPOSITION OF URANIUM MONOCARBIDE. P. A. Vozzella, A. D. Miller, and M. A. DeCrescente (Pratt and Whitney Aircraft Div., United Aircraft Corp., Middletown, Conn.). Apr. 1964. Contract AT(30-1)-2789. 11p. (CONF-553-8)

From American Ceramic Society 66th Annual Meeting Including Symposium on Nuclear and Space Applications, Chicago, Apr. 1964.

The vaporization of sintered UC was studied by the Langmuir evaporation technique at 2190 to 2525°K. UC was found to lose U preferentially until a congruently vaporizing composition near UC1.1 was reached. The temperature dependence of the evaporation rate of UC1.1 was studied, and the partial pressures (atm) of U(g) and C3(g) were found to obey the equations log10p(U) = 8.191–3.624 x 104/T and log10P(C3) = 7.345–3.624 x 104/T. The standard heat of vaporization of UC1.1 was calculated to be 223 kcal/ gfw, in fair agreement with other values for UC. (D.L.C.) 33524 (CNLM-5620) THE THERMAL DE COMPOSITION OF URANIUM MONONITRIDE. P. A. Vozzella, A. D. Miller, and M. A. DeCrescente (Pratt and Whitney Aircraft Div., United Aircraft Corp. Connecticut Aircraft Nuclear Engine Lab., Middletown). Apr. 1964. Contract AT (30-1)-2789. 13p. (CONF-553-9)

From American Ceramic Society 66th Annual Meeting, Including Symposium on Nuclear and Space Applications, Chicago, Apr. 1964.

Nitrogen pressure over UN varies from 1.5 x 10-7 to 5 x 10-5 atmospheres over the temperature range 1910 to 2265°K. Uranium nitride decomposes by the reaction UN(s) → U(1) + N2(g) in which the U(1) activity may be lowered by solution of nitrogen. The standard heat of formation of UN at 298°K was found to be -74.5 1 kcal/gfw. The condensation coefficient for nitrogen on uranium nitride is estimated to be 0.01. (auth) 33525

(HW-74663) A REVIEW OF THE REACTION OF NUCLEAR GRAPHITE WITH CARBON DIOXIDE. R. E. Woodley (General Electric Co. Hanford Atomic Products Operation, Richland, Wash.). Aug. 17, 1962. Contract AT(45-1)-1350. 11p.

At temperatures above 650°C, the thermal reaction of CO2 with graphite is the only important CO2-graphite reaction occurring in a reactor environment. A review and summary

are presented of kinetic data on the thermal reaction of CSF graphite with CO2 at temperatures up to and above 1000°K. (D.L.C.) 33526 (IA-924) THE CHEMISTRY OF TRIVALENT NEPTUNIUM, PLUTONIUM AND AMERICIUM IN HALIDE SOLUTIONS. M. Shiloh and Y. Marcus (Israel. Atomic Energy Commission. Soreq Research Establishment, Rehovoth). Apr. 1964. 26p.

The species Np(III), Pu(III), and Am(III) in concentrated halide solutions were characterized by spectrophotometry and ion exchange. Each element was found to exhibit strong absorption at a characteristic wavelength when complexed with chloride or bromide: Np at 3840 Å for the chloride and 3870 for the bromide, Pu at 3120 Å (chloride) and 3150 (bromide), and Am at 2350 Å (chloride-strong absorption by the bromide ion prevents measurement of the Am peak in bromide solutions). Only small changes due to complex formation are evident at other wavelengths. The stability of the complexes formed was calculated, and was found to increase with increasing atomic number of the actinide. The chloride complexes are more stable than the bromides. The results correlate well with those for U(III). Results of ion exchange measurements were found to be consistent with those obtained spectrophotometrically. (auth) 33527 (IFA-28-IS) POISONING WITH HYDROGEN OF PLATINUM-ACTIVE CARBON CATALYST DURING THE ISOTOPIC EXCHANGE REACTION BETWEEN HYDROGEN AND WATER. I. Ursu, D. Strugaru, O. Piringer, and M. Paladi (Academia R. P. R. Institutul de Fizică Atomică, Bucharest). (1963). 9p.

A study was made of the variation in time of the activity of a Pt-active carbon catalyst for isotopic exchange reac

a tion between hydrogen and water. In the absence of the oxygen, a gradual poisoning of the catalyst was observed. Some traces of oxygen reduced the effect of the poisoning and the treatment of the poisoned catalyst in oxygen or in noble gas regenerates completely its activity. The influence of small amounts of oxygen (from 0.05% O2 up to 1% O2) on the catalytic activity at the different steps of the poisoning was observed. (auth) 33528 (NP-14080) TERMODINAMICHESKII RASCHET REAKTSII NATRIYA S VODOI PRIMENITEL'NO K PAROGENERATORU TIPA "NATRII-VODA." (Thermodynamic Calculation of the Reaction of Sodium and Water as Applicable to a Steam Generator of the SodiumWater Type). N. N. Ivanovskii and F. A. Kozlov (U.S.S.R. Sovet Ministrov. Gosudarstvennyi Komitet po Ispol’zovaniyu Atomnoi Energii). 1964. 10p.

Thermodynamic calculations for determining equilibrium constants and equilibrium concentrations were made under the assumption that the amount of water and the rate of flow into the sodium do not increase the temperature. Equilibrium constants based on published data were used for determining thermodynamic characteristics of the reactions as functions of temperature. The variations of reaction isobar potentials as functions of temperature are tabulated. The results showed that sodium oxide, sodium hydride, and hydrogen are the principal products. The influence of equilibrium products on steam generator efficiency and a possible method for eliminating the products from a heat exchanger are analyzed. (R.V.J.) 33529 (ORNL-3334(Pt.II)) PRODUCTION OF TRITIUM BY CONTAINED NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS IN SALT. II. LABORATORY STUDIES OF THE REDUCTION OF ALKALINE EARTH SULFATES BY HYDROGEN. W. D. Bond (Oak Ridge National Lab., Tenn.). Aug. 1964. Contract W-7405-eng-26. 31p.

The results of this investigation show that tritium produced by a contained nuclear explosion in bedded salt will be mixed with environmental water due to the oxidationreduction reaction between alkaline earth sulfate impurities and the tritium. The reduction of alkaline earth sulfates with hydrogen occurs in the range of 700 to 900°C at readily measurable rates. Most of the work being reported was performed with magnesium and calcium sulfates, with only a few experiments being performed with strontium and barium sulfates. Dissolving CaSO4 in molten salt did not lower the temperature for the onset of the reduction nor did it increase its rate. In the presence of excess hydrogen, the solid reduction product of MgSO4 is Mgo, whereas with calcium, strontium, or barium sulfates it is mainly the metal sulfide containing a few percent oxide. The experimentally observed reduction products qualitatively agreed with those predicted by thermodynamic calculations. Sulfite was shown to be an intermediate in the reductions. A general mechanism is proposed for the hightemperature reduction of sulfates. The proposed mechanism involves reduction of the sulfate to sulfite, with subsequent thermal decomposition of the sulfite. The final products are determined by the reactions among the sulfite decomposition products and by reactions of the reducing gas with the sulfite decomposition products. The solid reduction product and the gaseous products can be predicted from equilibrium data on the thermal decomposition of the sulfite. In developing the mechanism, several possible reactions among the sulfite decomposition products and the reaction of hydrogen with SO2 were experimentally investigated. (auth) 33530 (ORNL-TM-829) THERMODYNAMIC CALCULATIONS RELATING TO CHLORIDE VOLATILITY PROCESSING OF NUCLEAR FUELS. I. THE GAS-PHASE REDUCTION OF URANIUM TETRACHLORIDE TO THE TRICHLORIDE WITH CARBON MONOXIDE. T. A. Gens and G. J. Atta (Oak Ridge National Lab., Tenn.). Apr, 22, 1964. Contract (W-7405-eng-26). 27p.

The equilibrium yields of solid uranium trichloride from the reduction of gaseous uranium tetrachloride were calculated from free energy data (obtained from the literature) as a function of temperature, pressure, and the amounts of carbon monoxide and inert gases present. The calculated yields were too small for practical use under all conditions considered at temperatures down to 500°K, where the vapor pressure of uranium tetrachloride is less than 10-6 mm Hg. Therefore, the reduction of gaseous uranium tetrachloride with carbon monoxide to produce solid uranium trichloride in useful amounts does not appear feasible. (auth) 33531 (UCRL-11369) DERIVATION OF FUGACITY COEFFICIENTS FROM AN IMPROVED EQUATION OF STATE (thesis). Max Jacobson (California. Univ., Berkeley. Lawrence Radiation Lab. and California. Univ., Berkeley). June 1964. Contract W-7405-eng-48. 51p.

The equation of state proposed by Redlich and Kwong was improved by addition of a deviation term containing Pitzer's acentric factor and by means of a new rule for the combination of the parameters for mixtures. Only the critical temperature, pressure, and acentric factor of the components are required in a computer program furnishing compressibility factors, mean fugacity coefficients, and individual fugacity coefficients of the components. The equation is restricted so far to the gaseous state. Its accuracy for the compressibility factor is close to that of Pitzer's tables. The computation of fugacity coefficients does not entail any loss of formal precision. (auth)

33532 (UCRL-11395) NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDIES. PART I. F 19 SPIN-SPIN COUPLING CONSTANTS. PART II. THE EFFECT OF SOLVENTS ON F19 SPIN-SPIN COUPLING CONSTANTS (thesis). Soon Ng (California. Univ., Berkeley. Lawrence Radiation Lab. and California. Univ., Berkeley. Dept. of Chemistry). May 1964. Contract W-7405-eng-48. 71p.

The pattern of fluorine-fluorine coupling constants is explained on the basis of two mechanisms for nuclear spinspin coupling: the through-bond and the through-space mechanisms. In the former, the interaction proceeds via the electronic structure in the intervening bonds. It is highly dependent on the electron-withdrawing power of the substituents on the carbon skeleton. This contribution to the coupling constant goes to zero when the sum of the electronegativities of the substituents becomes sufficiently high. The latter mechanism is operative when two fluorine atoms are sufficiently close in space for there to be appreciable overlap of their electron clouds. This throughspace interaction proceeds via an electronic structure where there is no bond per se. Experimental evidence for the existence of both mechanisms is given. The effect of solvents on the coupling constants of the compounds, bromotrifluoroethylene, 1,1-dichlorotetrafluoroethane, and the rotamers of 1,1,2-trifluoro-1,2-dibromo-2-chloroethane was studied. The coupling constants are found to vary with the solvents. This implies that intermolecular interactions affect coupling constants to a degree that is not negligible. This effect of molecular interactions on fluorine coupling constants may be due to the dipolar character and polarizability of the interacting molecules. The interactions appear to be essentially of the same kind, and detailed differences arise from the nature and dipolar character of the solvent molecules. The temperature dependence of fluorine coupling constants that was reported previously may be due to this temperature dependent molecular interaction as well as population of excited vibrational states. (auth) 33533 (UJV-725/63) PREPARACE AKTIVNÍCH KYSLIČHNÍKŮ URANIČITÝCH. (Preparation of Active Uranium Dioxide). D. Jakes, J. Wolf, V. Pourová, and M. Vobořil (Československa Akademie Ved. Ustav Jaderného Výzkumu, Rez). Aug. 1963. 36p.

The preparation methods of active forms of uranium dioxide are described. The effects of ammonium polyuranate preparation and reduction processes have been studied. Temperature, concentration, and the final pH value of the precipitation influenced to a considerable extent both ammonium polyuranate and the properties of the resultant product. The precipitation rate had no larger effect as well as the drying temperature in the range up to 200°C. The reduction process with hydrogen and with a nitrogenhydrogen mixture (1:3 and 1:1) yielded a maximum specific surface at a temperature of 700°C and at a rapid temperature increase and short delay (600°C/hour; 15-60 min). In the case of reduction with CO a higher surface decrease has been found only in the absence of water vapor. (auth) 33534 (USNRDL-TR-760) SOLUTE DISTRIBUTION IN THE Na2O-B2O3-NaCI SYSTEM. II. ALKALINE EARTHS AND RARE EARTHS. M. H. Rowell (Naval Radiological Defense Lab., San Francisco). June 17, 1964. Contract AT(49-2)-1167. 23p.

Radioactive tracers were used to determine the distribution of micro quantities of Ba, Sr, Nd, and Eu between the two conjugate liquid phases throughout the immiscibility region in the system Na2O-B2O3-NaCl at 830°C. Phase

d[Ce(SO4)32) KcKDK kg the expression

(Ce(SO2)32) dt

[H](HSO ) [H_C2041; the various rate and equilibrium constants involved were experimentally evaluated. (auth) 33538 DETERMINATION OF HYDROGEN IN NIOBIUM. R. J. Walter and H. G. Offner (Rocketdyne, Canoga Park, Calif.). Anal. Chem., 36: 1779-81 (Aug. 1964).

A fast and precise gravimetric method for the determination of hydrogen in metals is presented. The method complements the vacuum fusion method because it is useful for measuring higher hydrogen concentrations more accurately when using large samples. The method is also useful down to hydrogen contents of 22/A ppm, where A is the sample weight in grams. The analysis is based upon evolving the hydrogen at elevated temperatures, converting to water, and weighing the water. (auth)

diagram data and borate/salt distribution coefficients of the solutes were obtained. The distribution coefficients of these cations increase according to their field strengths, in agreement with the previously proposed ion-exchange mechanism for solute distribution. Distribution coefficients are extremely sensitive to phase compositions, and increase with increasing Na2O content, until maxima are reached in the region where the borate network structure begins to break down. Large separation factors exist between the alkali metal, alkaline earth, and rare earth groups. Appreciable intragroup separation factors are also found, the Ba-Sr and Eu-Nd separation factors being about 2.7 and 1.9 respectively. Phase diagram and solute distribution data are correlated with known polyborate structures. (auth) 33535 INORGANIC ION EXCHANGERS. I. ACIDITY, HYDROLYSIS AND RESISTANCE TO ACIDS OF SOME INORGANIC ION EXCHANGERS, ESPECIALLY ZIRCONIUM PHOSPHATE. Sten Ahrland, Joergen Albertsson, Lars Johansson, Bengt Nihlgård, and Lennart Nilsson (Univ. of Lund, Sweden). Acta Chem. Scand., 18: 707-20(1964).

Procedures allowing the preparation of zirconium phosphate gels of reproducible composition, and hence reproducible sorption properties, were tried out. The products have ratios phosphate/zirconium varying from 1.05 to 1.98. For a few representative gels of various compositions, neutralization and hydrolysis curves were determined. The neutralization curves reveal the gels as moderately acid ion exchangers, with the exchange sites up to at least pH = 8 entirely localized to the phosphate groups. Above pH ~ 8, an extensive hydrolysis sets in, making the gels unsuitable for ion exchange purposes within this region. The variations between the different gels, as regards the amounts of hydrogen and phosphate ions released for a certain value of pH, are what would be expected from the variations in their composition, as determined by gravimetric analysis. (P.C.H.) 33536

ISOTOPE EFFECTS IN ELECTROLYSIS OF SOLID LITHIUM HYDRIDE. Bengt Collén (Research Inst. of National Defence, Stockholm). Acta Chem. Scand., 18: 839-40(1964).

Studies were made on the isotope effects in the electrolysis of solid lithium hydride. It was found that the length of the hydride rod decreased in agreement with calculations according to Faraday's law. The decrease in length occurred only at the anodic end. This indicates that the transport number of Li in lithium hydride is close to 1 at about 600°C. An enrichment of 'Li was always found at the anodic end. Experimental difficulties allowed the passage of only a small quantity of electricity, resulting in a small total enrichment. Therefore only the very approximate minimum value, ut = -0.04, could be obtained. A small enrichment of 'Li at the cathodic end of the hydride rod was also found. (P.C.H.)

33539 SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF HYDROGEN CONTENT IN HEAVY WATER. Gilbert Gordon and Hideo Yamatera (Univ. of Maryland, College Park). Anal. Chem., 36: 1866-7(Aug. 1964).

A method is described for the rapid determination of the light hydrogen content of heavy water. The method is based on measurement of the intense HDO band at 16680 A due to V1 + Vg excitation. The validity of the method over a wide range of light hydrogen content is indicated and its usefulness as a routine method using commercially available spectrophotometers is shown. (P.C.H.)

33540 SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF CERIUM WITH THENOYLTRIFLUOROACETONE AFTER CUPFERRON-CHLOROFORM EXTRACTION. Hiroshi Onishi and Yukio Toita (Japan Atomic Energy Research Inst., Tokyo). Anal. Chem., 36: 1867-9(Aug. 1964).

A method is described for the spectrophotometric determination of Ce in the presence of small amounts of Mn using thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTA). Iron, together with several other metals, is removed by cupferron-chloroform extraction. When the TTA solution containing both Ce and Mn is shaken with aqueous solution that is 0.1 M in ammonium hydrogen fluoride and 0.2 M in HNO3, the color due to Ce disappears completely. On the other hand, the color due to Mn remains unchanged. Therefore, Ce can be determined from the difference in absorbance. However, Mn content greater than 100 ug must be separated from Ce by a suitable method. (P.C.H.)

33541 DETERMINATION OF OXYGEN IN GALLIUM ARSENIDE BY NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS. AN EXCHANGE OF COMMENTS. Wolfgang G. Leonhardt (Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin and Zenntralinstitut für Kernforschung, Rossendorf, Ger.) and Richard F. Bailey. Anal. Chem., 36: 1879 (Aug. 1964).

A previous article by Bailey and Ross (Anal. Chem., 35: 791(1963)) on the determination of oxygen in gallium arsenide by neutron activation analysis is evaluated. Triton flux and chemical etching are discussed. It was concluded that a too high value of the activation cross section previously used is probably compensated by too high 18F activities. Also, a constant value of o = 0.5 mb gives an erroneous picture of the function 160 concentration vs depth and an erroneous value of the bulk oxygen concentration. A reply by R. F. Bailey is included. (P.C.H.) 33542 REDUCTION OF URANIUM TETRAFLUORIDE IN CLOSED BOMBS. I. STUDY OF THE GENERAL VARIABLES OF THE REDUCTION PROCESS. R. Anca Abati and M. López Rodríguez (Junta de Energia Nuclear, Ma

33537 A STUDY OF THE CERIUM(IV)-OXALATE REACTION IN ACIDIC SULFATE MEDIA. Y. A. ElTantawy and G. A. Rechnitz (Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia). Anal. Chem., 36: 1774-7(Aug. 1964).

A spectrophotometric investigation of the cerium (IV)oxalate standardization reaction in acid sulfate media yielded evidence in support of a mechanism involving, prior to the rate determining oxidation-reduction step, the formation of a transient intermediate complex with properties that account for the observed variation in reaction rate with the nature and concentration of solvent anions. The rate of the overall reaction can be described by

with respect to oxygen pressure was estimated for both oxides to be 0.4. Activation energy is 41 kcal/mole for molybdenum trioxide and 51 kcal/mole for tungsten trioxide. (auth)

33546 THE U,Og-UzOg EQUILIBRIUM AND THE DETERMINATION OF THE THERMODYNAMIC CONSTANTS OF UO2+x, U_09, AND UOg. Alain Duquesnoy and Fernand Marion (Faculte des Sciences, Lille, France and C.S.U. d'Amiens, France). Compt. Rend., 258: 5657-9(June 8, 1964). (In French)

The equilibrium ULO, (UO2.25) - UzOg was studied, beginning with measurements of the isothermal variations of the electrical conductivity of oxide films as a function of the equilibrium pressure of oxygen. The results permit the calculation of the thermodynamic constants of UO2+x, UOg, and UgOg. (tr-auth)

drid). Anales Real Soc. Espan. Fis. Quim. (Madrid), Ser. B, 60: 59-72 (Jan. 1964). (In Spanish)

General conditions about the metallothermic reduction in small bombs (250 and 800 g of uranium) were investigated. Factors such as kind and granulometry of the magnesium used, magnesium excess and preheating temperature, which affect yields and metal quality were considered. Magnesium excess increased yields by 15% in the small bomb; concerning the preheating temperature, there is a range between which yields and metal quality do not change. All the tests were made with graphite linings. (auth) 33543 THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE ELECTRONIC ENERGY BANDS FOR ZIRCONIUM-OXYGEN CRYSTALS. PART I. METHODS OF INVESTIGATION AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS. Stig Flodmark. Arkiv Fysik, 26: 45-64(1964).

Methods are given for calculating energy bands in crystals of zirconium with oxygen randomly distributed at certain lattice positions. The calculation procedure was programmed for the computer BESK. The calculations are performed according to the MO-LCAO method (tight binding approximation) with an effective Hamiltonian of oneelectron type. All the two-center integrals involved are computed in the program and an arbitrary number of neighbors have been considered in the crystal. The atomic basis is given by the 16 Slater atomic orbitals of the N shell of zirconium. The oxygen atoms are considered as point charges only. With two zirconium atoms per unit cell the secular equations are of degree 32. These are split in the program according to the crystal symmetry. Considering 200 neighbors the program takes 25 hours of machine time for calculation of the energy bands in five directions of high symmetry in the k space, using one specified value of the oxygen concentration. Runs have been done for different oxygen concentrations and for different choices of orbital exponents. The resulting energy bands will be published separately in a forthcoming paper (part II). These results show that the crystal is an electric conductor. It is found that the 5s and parts of the 4s and 4p orbitals of free Zr are replaced by f orbitals. Although not present in free Zr the 4fø orbitals are important for the chemical binding in the crystal. With increasing oxygen concentration the f orbitals become less important, which corresponds to successively decreasing stability and electronic conductivity of the crystal. (auth)

33547 PREPARATION OF DI-CESIUM URANYLNITRATE, Cs,UO2(NO3)4. R, K, Asundi and R, M. Dixit (Atomic Energy Establishment, Trombay, India). Current Sci. (India), 33: 332-3(June 5, 1964).

Chemical preparation of Cs2UO2(NO3)4 is described. Stoichiometric amounts of CsNO3 and UO2 (NO3)2–3H20 were dissolved in distilled water and evaporated to dryness on water-bath. The residue on dissolution and evaporation over a sand-bath left a microcrystalline substance. The identity of the micro-crystalline powder with the crystals formed by slow evaporation at 10°C was established by fluorescence spectra. Evidence to support the existence of the compound is discussed. (P.C.H.) 33548 ANGULAR DEPENDENCE OF SPIN DENSITIES ON PROTONS OF CH, GROUP. R. Lenk and I. Santar (Inst. of Nuclear Research, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Řež). Czech. J. Phys., 14: 469-73(1964).

The spin densities on protons of the CH2 group of planar radicals were calculated by the valence bond method as a function of the valence angle H-C-H, using the fiveelectron model. (auth)

33544 ZIRCONIUM DIFLUORIDE. F. K. McTaggart and A.G. Turnbull (Chemical Research Labs., CSIRO, Melbourne). Australian J. Chem., 17: 727-30(July 1964).

Zirconium difluoride was prepared by the action of atomic hydrogen on thin layers of zirconium tetrafluoride, at a temperature of approximately 350°C. The compound is orthorhombic in structure. It is black, tends to take up oxygen in air, and ignites readily and burns to form zirconium dioxide. Disproportionation occurs at 800° with the formation of ZrF, and zirconium, and other chemical properties are similar to those of the known dihalides of Group IVA. (auth)

33549 CHEMICAL STRIPPING OF DIRECT CARBON REPLICAS FOR ELECTRON MICROSCOPY. A. Bassi and G. Camona (Laboratori CISE, Milan). Energia Nucl. (Milan), 11: 315-23(June 1964).

Chemical stripping baths were studied in order to allow a larger application of direct carbon replicas. This technique was developed on eleven different metals and semiconductor materials. (auth) 33550 THE KINETICS OF SOME RELATED ELECTRON-TRANSFER REACTIONS. R. J. Campion, N. Purdie, and N. Sutin (Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, N. Y.). Inorg. Chem., 3: 1091 -4(Aug. 1964). (BNL-7809)

The kinetics of the oxidation of a number of substituted tris(1,10-phenanthroline) complexes of iron(II) by cobalt(III) in perchloric acid were investigated by the use of a flow technique. The results are compared with other oxidation reduction reactions involving the iron(II)-phenanthroline complexes. The oxidation of Fe(dipy)}+, Fe(dipy),(CN)2, Fe(dipy)(CN)X-, Fe(CN), and the corresponding phenanthroline complexes by cerium(IV) in sulfuric acid was also investigated. It was found that the oxidation of the mixedligand complexes proceeds more rapidly than the oxidation of the complexes containing identical ligands. Other oxidation-reduction reactions studied include the oxidation of W(CN) - and Mo(CN) - by Ce(IV) and Ircık-, as well as the Mo(CN)--W(CN)A-, Mo(CN) - -Fe(CN).-, and Fe(CN) - W(CN) - reactions. The results are discussed in the light of the Marcus theory of electron-transfer reactions. (auth)

33545 KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF EXCHANGE REACTIONS OF OXYGEN 180 WITH OXIDATION CATALYSTS. II. MOLYBDENUM AND TUNGSTEN TRIOXIDES. J. Novakova and P. Jiru (Inst. of Physics and Chemistry, Prague). Collection Czech. Chem Commun., 29: 1114-21 (May 1964).

It was established that all oxygen atoms of both molybdenum and tungsten trioxide participate equivalently in the isotopic exchange with gaseous oxygen. The reaction order